Object of research: The object of the thesis is the aspect of standard speech in the languages of mass media.
Subject of research: is the normative, communicative and ethic aspects of the speech standard of the language of mass media.
Methods of research: The following methods have been used in the thesis: the method of linguistic classification, methods of semantic and stylistic and componcntial analysis, comparative method, analysis of uttered speech on the radio and TV, and social poll.
The obtained and their novelty: The normative, communicative and ethic aspects of speech standard of mass media (newspaper, television and radio) were analysed for the first time as a monographic research; the principles of the problems of the language of the mass media and speech standard in linguistics were defined; modern concept of the speech standard have been covered and specific features of using speech standards in the language of the mass media have been pointed out; the language peculiarities of the language of the mass media have been analysed; national specific feature of the language of newspaper was covered; socio and psycholinguistic and functional and communicative peculiarities have been studied; expressiveness of the newspaper language and its speech and speech standard evaluation have been defined; the specific language features of newspaper, television and radio have been pointed out; speech the language of newspaper, television and radio have been analysed from speech standard point of view; the use of language in mass media have been analysed from standpoint of speech standard and normative aspect; speech standard of mass media have been analysed from communicative aspect; standard of speech was analysed from ethic aspect; interrelation between the aspects of speech standard in the language of mass media have been revealed
Practical value: The results of the research can be applied to doing scientific work in General Linguistics, Uzbek Linguistics, Speech Standard, Stylistics, Rhetoric and Journalism; it can used in conducting lectures and having seminars in the philology and journalism faculties in speech standard, stylistics, the language of Mass Media, and Rhetoric.
Degree of embed and economic efficiency: The basic content of the work reflected in a monograph, in scientific articles published in foreign journals, scientific and theoretical conferences, and in more than 60 articles and abstracts.
Sphere of usage: The materials of the research can be used in writing textbooks in Speech Standard, Stylistics, Linguoculturology, the Language of Mass Media, and Psycholinguistics.
This study is finished to break down the Impact of Perceive Favor Standard on client Dedication in IT area of India. Parasuraman in his underlying review completed in resolved five aspects which became base for the estimation of Perceive Favor Standard. Perceive Favor Standard is considered to be free factor while client Dedication was treated as a reliant variable. The later could anyway be estimated by 13 things which was recently proposed by Zenithal. (Unwavering quality, compassion, capability of staff, openness and physical assets are the key factors that best make sense of client's assumptions. A SERVQUAL scale was utilized to quantify Favor Standard discernments according to the point of view of homegrown and global clients. Information were gathered in 15 outlets of IT Favor suppliers, utilizing a self-directed survey. Unmistakable measurable examination, exploratory variable investigation and dependability examination were directed. This study uncovers that the assumption level of clients is exceptionally high towards Favor Standard. Hence, the discoveries can be utilized as an aide for IT industry to work on the Standard credits and upgrade Favor Standard and business execution which thusly will work on the trust and Unwaveringness of clients. All the more explicitly, it is found that the compassion aspect is the most grounded indicator of client Dedication.
The article gives a comparative analysis of the Charter of terminological organizations in the Persian and Uzbek languages, as well as its principles. It is well known that in accordance with theoretical and scientific views, as well as the recommendations of the world terminology of Vienna, Prague and Russian terminology schools, an international standard has been established, which is an instruction for all languages in general linguistics. Prior to this, a number of standardization associations were created, including in 1926 the ISA (International Association for Standardization) - the "International Association for Standardization", in 1931 in Europe the British Standard Institution - the British Institute of Standardization, and in 1946 the ISO ( International Organization for Standardization). And in Iran at different periods were established three language academy to preserve the purity of the language. The third academy, that is, the last of them, is the “Academy of Persian Language and Literature”, which was founded in 1991 and has its own Instruction. At the same time, "Atamakom" started its activities in the Uzbek language, and completed it in the short term. The article presents an analysis of the International Terminological Organization Standard - ISO 704, which was created at the school of world terminology, as well as the influence of its principles on term formation on the rules of term formation in the Persian and Uzbek languages, different and similar sides of each. In addition, some paragraphs of the Charter of the "Academy of the Persian Language" were compared and analyzed by the relevant paragraphs of the terminology of the Uzbek "Atamakom". The main goal of the article is to analyze the provision of terms for borrowing by terminological organizations that were founded for the formation of terms in the Persian and Uzbek languages, as well as compare and study the Statutes for the formation of new terms, to look at the correspondence of the clauses of the Standard of the International Terminological Organization ISO 704. As a result of comparisons of theories a number of proposals for the creation of terms in the Uzbek language are presented.
The article provides a comprehensive overview of the typology of linguistic deviation, an area of study that examines the ways in which language deviates from established norms and expectations in communication. It categorizes linguistic deviations into several types based on their occurrence in phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. Each type of deviation is analyzed carefully providing examples and discussing their effects on interpretation and communication. The article also addresses the role of stylistic devices as a form of deliberate linguistic divergence in literature. It also briefs upon the significance of understanding linguistic deviations for linguistic theory, language teaching, literary analysis, and communication studies.
This sociolinguistic study examines the ongoing dispersion of Austrian Standard German front vowels. The aim of the study is to explore the variation and patterns in the pronunciation of front vowels in Austrian Standard German across different sociolinguistic factors, including age, gender, education, and regional background. The data for the study were collected through interviews and recordings of native Austrian German speakers from various regions of Austria. The analysis focuses on the acoustic properties of the front vowels and their distribution in different linguistic contexts. The findings reveal significant variation in the realization of front vowels, indicating an ongoing sound change in Austrian Standard German. This study contributes to our understanding of the sociolinguistic dynamics of vowel variation in Austrian Standard German and sheds light on the factors influencing the ongoing dispersion of front vowels in the language.
The methodological recommendation presents a comparative characteristic of surgical methods of treatment of deviation of the nasal septum. Deviation of the nasal septum occurs in the cartilaginous and bone regions, both separately and in both simultaneously. Deformations can be of different nature (bend, crest, spike) and localization. They are one and two-sided. Spines and ridges are more often localized at the junction of the quadrangular cartilage and the perpendicular plate, ploughshare, and the crest of the upper jaw (“growth zone”). Less often, the upper sections of the perpendicular plate and the rear section of the ploughshare are deformed. For traumatic deformities, characteristic bends with acute angles. Often, after injury, there is a displacement of the anterior edge of the quadrangular cartilage in the form of its subluxation. The deformation of the cartilaginous part of the external nose in patients under our supervision was caused by the deviation of the nasal septum. There were no patients with deformity of the nose who would have been indicated for surgical intervention on the cartilage of the external nose. When correcting the deformity of the external nose in patients, we used an exclusively closed technique of intervention with a transseptal access, and, if necessary, access under the upper lip, which allowed us to obtain a good cosmetic effect and minimize traumatic complications after surgery.
The cement industry is currently making various efforts to reduce CO 2 emissions. The blended cement produced by lowering the amount of clinker with using mineral additives has expanded as the trials to reduce CO 2 emission as well as to utilize its advantageous properties. And standards related to blended cement have been already set in all regions of the world. It is evaluated and reviewed the standards of blended cement according to the types and usage ratios of mineral additives that can be blended, which are covered by the European Standard (EN 197 1:2011), the Euro-Asian Standard (ГОСТ 31108-2020) and the U.S. Standard (ASTM C 595-16), respectively. In accordance with the blended cement standard established in each region, it is necessary to promote and expand the use of blended cement to reduce the CO 2 emission currently facing as well as to utilize various advantages of using blended cement.
This sociolinguistic study delves into the ongoing dispersion of front vowels in Austrian Standard German, exploring the dynamic shifts in vowel articulation. Employing a comprehensive investigation, the research analyzes speech patterns across diverse sociolinguistic contexts, considering factors such as age, region, and social variables. The study employs acoustic phonetics and sociolinguistic interviews to examine the intricate nuances of vowel pronunciation. Findings illuminate the evolving landscape of Austrian Standard German front vowels, providing valuable insights into the sociolinguistic factors influencing vowel dispersion and contributing to the broader understanding of linguistic variation.
The article analyzes the concept of an international standard, its content, application and legal force. The concept of international legal standards in the field of human rights has been studied in the theory and practice of international law enforcement. In comparative terms, the definitions given by foreign scientists to the concept of an international standard are analyzed. International documents address the issue of social responsibility. When studying the topic, the author also puts forward theoretical conclusions and practical proposals based on an interdisciplinary approach.
This article analyzes the increasing demand for DC electric drives with the development of manufacturing and the emergence of new technologies. Modern technological processes require the development of electric drives that have increased speed, accuracy and the ability to quickly adapt to changing operating modes. The transition process, in a standard system, meets the requirements of optimal quality indicators corresponding to the third point of adjustment. In a system with a fuzzy controller, a transient process similar to that calculated in a standard three-circuit system is obtained. This fact indicates that the use of a fuzzy controller allows you to provide control that meets the required optimality criteria. In relation to the studied SPP ACS, the current loop and the mechanical part of the electric drive in the standard structure (thyristor converter and the armature circuit of the electric motor) should be considered as the control object. To eliminate the influence of EMF feedback, a compensatory positive feedback is introduced into the system.
Recently, new non - traditional management methods, including fuzzy logic, neural networks, expert systems and other control tools with elements of artificial intelligence, have been applied in the world practice.
The dynamics of an electric drive with a fuzzy controller is analyzed. The structure and knowledge base of the fuzzy controller are proposed to reduce the number of control loops and the number of sensors by eliminating the speed loop. Analysis of the dynamics of the two-circuit automatic control system of a tracking electric drive with a fuzzy controller has established that the quality indicators of the dynamics of the electric drive when working out large control actions are better in a system with a fuzzy controller.
The primary goal of this study is to examine the relationship between the impacts of fair value disclosure according to IFRS7 in maximizing the company's value in the Iraqi environment by applying it to a group of private Iraqi commercial banks. The goal of exposure is for the financial information included in the reports to be sufficient to help its users guide Their investments in the right direction, or to help in making rational decisions and to determine the response rate for comparison between investment banks and others, so there must be a link between the characteristics of accounting information and the purpose of its use. A unique scale was used to disclose the fair value, containing a set of questions disclosed in the four financial statements. Specific grades were given, and weights were given to the fully informed information (3 steps), the partially revealed information (2), and the undisclosed information (1). Degree after unifying the five disclosure ratios calculated based on the financial statements after converting them to standard numbers to make them homogeneous and remove the differences resulting from the mechanism of calculating each ratio. Tobin's Q index was relied upon to measure the company's value and calculate the values and proportions of the study variables in preparation for finding statistical relationships between the variables. Use the One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test to test the normal distribution of data, the unit roots to test the predictability of the time series, and the standard deviation of the estimated error T-test One-Sample, Error of the Estimate: Std, and the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
The fast and accurate reversed-phase HPLC method was predicated on qualitative and quantitative estimation of the total concentrations of the essential thiols in the plasma of adults volunteers compared with epileptic patients, which is l-cysteine (Cys) total homocysteine (tHys), cysteinyl glycine (Cys-Gly), glutathione (GSH) and cysteamine (Cstm), respectively. The plasma samples of (50) epileptic patients were classified into three groups; the non-anti-epileptic drug consisted of 20 patients (12 male, eight female) who were mainly diagnosed with idiopathic generalized epilepsy. The mean age was 34 ± 13 (range 19–48) years. The second group consisted of 30 patients receiving two types of anti-epileptic drugs, 18 patients (12 male and six female) receiving Carbamazepine, and 12 patients (7 males and five female) receiving phenytoin. The mean age of the patients was 32 ± 11 Compared with 31 healthy volunteers (20 male and 11 female). The mean age of the controls was 31 ± 9 (range 26–49 years). The mean duration of treatment of patients receiving the anti-epileptic drug was six months). All measurement was done using pre-column derivatization with bromobimane, and the derivative of each standard mixture were baseline separated on C18-DB (50 x 4.6 mm ID) column, 3μm particle size. The regression coefficients for the separated and standard deviation SD within-run ranged from 0.09 to 8.40 μmol/L, and between-run ranged from 0.15to 9.16 μmol/L; the analytical procedure gave good linearity in the range between 1.25 to 20 µmole/ l, the detection limit was 0.1 µmole /L for all the thiol groups. Analytical recovery was 96.9–107.4 %; the mean concentration of plasma cysteine and total homocysteine was slightly higher in males than females; it was 221± 75 for adult males and 190± 44 μmol/L for adult females, while t-homocysteine was (10.55 ±2.45 vs. 9.79 ± 1.88 μmol/L, the results observed that the value of cysteine and homocysteine were significantly higher in epileptic patients using Carbamazepine and phenytoin than in healthy volunteers. Mean values for glutathione were lower, while cysteinyl glycine showed no significant difference in healthy and epileptic patients and no sex- and age-dependent.
The article uses regression analysis to reveal the impact of living standards on the coverage of children with preschool education in Uzbekistan. The analysis showed that such variables as an increase in the number of preschool institutions in the country, the number of places and teachers in them, as well as an increase in the average wage in the country and a decrease in the unemployment rate and the share of the poor, have a large impact. The authors argue that in order to fully cover children with preschool
education in our country, it is necessary not only to improve the main indicators of preschool education, but also to further raise the standard of living and increase the income of the population.
Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. Various techniques of hybridization arc used in crop breeding, including cotton to produce a wide variability in agronomical valuable traits and develop new forms.
Regardless of its implementation hybridization process leads heredity decoding which allow the new plastic genotypes formation with an ability to change and adapt to the new conditions. Hybridization and selection arc considered as a main synthetic method of new varieties development and a success in this largely depends on the choice of crosses method and genotypes of initial forms. Therefore, there is given a special attention for studying the genetic basis and improving of hybridization methods. However, based on the most widely used of hybridization methods arc not always possible to develop varieties having high parameters of composite agronomical traits. Many developed varieties as a result of breeding methods arc genetically become homogeneous, which leads to a reduction of genetic variation and increasing of risk of cpiphytoty outbreaks and decreasing of total productivity (Boroycvich, 1981). Therefore, it is necessary to increase the genetic variability of crops’ agronomic traits by involving of original forms, as well as wild relatives of crops with genetic resistance to various stress factors, diseases and pests.
In increase cotton production through the creation of early maturing, high-yielding having good fiber yield and quality, resistant to various diseases, pests and stress factors, as well as with low level or toxic gossypol in cotton seeds still remain as critical problem in cotton production.
To overcome these problems there need to improving of genetic basis for assessment of existing donors and through the use of various hybridization methods to create new enriched genotypes, promoting positive recombination of polygene in hybrid’ organism for use in applied cotton breeding. Based on the above stated, the study of the genetic aspects of various methods of remote composite intraspecific and interspecific hybridization, based on the comparative evaluation of the effectiveness in order to isolate valuable recombinants and transgressive forms having new genetic variability of traits arc important both scientific and practical point of view.
The dissertation meets the objectives as set out in the Lows of Uzbekistan «On Seed Production» of December by 21, 2007 and «On Breeding achievements» by August 21, 2002 directed to developing and introduction of high-yielding cotton varieties, with a good yield and fiber quality, tolerance to various factors, as well as improving seed production.
Purpose of researches is comparative study of effectiveness of the various methods of intraspecific composite, convergent and inter-specific (3 to 5 species) hybridization revealing the nature of inheritance, form shaping and transgressive variation of traits, total and (+)-gossypol in creation of genetically enriched breeding material and for using in the applied cotton breeding.
Scientific novelty of the dissertation research is follows:
in the system of topcrosscs there used genetic evaluation for combining ability of main agronomic traits cotton varieties with different origins for further using in intraspecific composite and convergent hybridizations;
there established principally dominant inheritance and overdominance type of inheritance (with deviation toward the initial forms with the high agronomic traits) in F| at composite intra-and interspecific hybridization which genetically distinct accessions from the local and foreign selection and wide transgressive variability in F2-F3, facilitating to efficient selection of valuable recombinants;
first identified the inheritance nature and variability of total and (+)-gossypol in the cotton hybrids’ generative parts, developed by involving of American accessions with high (+)- gossypol and local varieties, as well as their correlation with some agronomical valuable traits;
first there held comparative study of economic traits at the different forms of amphidiploid G.thurheri x G.raimondii K-58 (hirsutum type) and K-59 (type harhadense) for free reproduction and after crossing the cultural forms of G.hirsutum L. species, it was established a wide range of variation of agronomic traits at mutant form of K-59 and composite hybrids, derived from it’s participation as compared to K-58 amphidiploid and it’s composite hybrids. It was found out those two types (type G.hirsutum K-58 and type G.harhadense K-59) of amphidiploid G.thurheri x G.raimondii at the free reproduction exhibits similarities with the both cultural tctraploid species; G.hirsutum L. and G.harhadense L., respectively. When they crossed with the cultivated G.hirsutum L. species these amphidiploid forms also behave as natural tctraploids;
it is revealed that, at the composite hybrids produced with the participation of the both forms of amphidiploid (K-58 and K-59) G.thurheri Tod. x G.raimondii Ulhr., as a result of transgressive variation, there is a disturbance of negative correlations between such traits as yield and fiber length, fineness and boll numbers conducive to positive recombinants emergence and increase donor opportunities of amphidiploids;
by comparative study of different methods of remote intra-and interspecific hybridization revealed the genetic nature of inheritance nature and variation degree of the main agronomic traits in composite hybrids, as well as their effectiveness in allocating recombinants having a new genetic variability of traits;
it is revealed that the possibility of breaking some negatively correlated traits by different methods of composite intra-and interspecific hybridization and selection of recombinants combining early maturity and high productivity, high fiber output with its quality and 1000 seed weight, etc.;
it is confirmed that the effectiveness of used methods such as a composite intraspecific and interspecific crosses, to increase positive transgressive variation and segregation genetically enriched recombinants having new combination of high levels of positive parameters of agronomic traits that were recommended and used to develop valuable initial material and new cotton varieties;
the obtained theoretical data on inheritance nature, hcritability and agronomic traits morphogenesis, levels of total and (+)-gossypol and their correlation with other agronomical valuable traits at developed hybrids could be successfully used in the field of fundamental research, and created unique hybrids, forms, progenies, lines and varieties could be used in applied cotton breeding.
Conclusion
1. There obtained and identified on comparative study base of intraspecific composed and converged hybrids with participation of six registered medium staple cotton cultivars in topcross system and high effects of GCA on the following traits:
«50%-cmcrgcncy-50 % flowering» Yulduz (-0.71); Tashkent-6 (-0.39) and in S-9070 (-0.38); “50% cmcrgcncy-50% maturing” S-9070 (-1.43), and in
Tashkent- 6 (-0.91); one boll weight S-6532 (+ 0.11); 1000 seeds weight S-9070 (+0.51); on productivity Tashkent-6 (+5,28), S-4911 (+4,04) and S-9070 (+2 24); fiber output S-6532 (+1,29); fiber length S-4911 (+0,70) and S-6532 (+0,48); fiber strength S-6532 (+1,57) and S-4911 (+0,91); micronairc S-6532 (+0,24) and Ak-Darya-6 (+0.24). These donors of high valuable traits were used by us for improving of the recurrent varieties by composite and convcrcgcnt hybridization. It was found that involvement of the varieties with a high GCA in convergent hybridization allows improving of the recurrent varieties and developing of a new initial material for cotton breeding:
inheritance nature and variability degree of agronomic traits at intraspecific composite and convergent cotton hybrids revealed the relative efficiency of the studied hybridization techniques during elaboration of new initial material with enriched genotypes of agronomic traits, and recommended to use in geneticselection process;
convergent hybrids F i dominated by early maturity, in terms of productivity and fiber output occurcd overall effect of overdominance, and F2-F3 appeared as positive transgressive forms;
significant effect of the genotype of the parental forms involved in hybridization on the inheritance nature of fiber quality (length, micronairc, strength) had convergent hybrids Fj, as well as their level of recombination in F2-F3 indicating the need for breeding of recombinants on these traits in early generations, taking into account genotype of initial forms;
the inheritance of the wilt tolcrancccs bccamcs not only depending on the pathogen load in soil fungus infections, but also depends on the used hybridization methods. Thus, most high resistance, i.c. negative superdominance on wilt tolerance observed in convergent hybrids F, and F2;
the direction and strength of correlation between the studied traits in intraspecific composite and convergent hybrids varied in depending on crosses type and from genotype of recurrent varieties. At present ease, the greatest number of recombinants with positive combination of high indicator traits which determining fiber quality, as well as its output, length, observed with with composite, particularly with convergent hybridization.
2. For the first time, on the basis of studies on determination the percentage of (+)- gossypol in seeds of genetically different cultivars of Uzbek cotton selection and analysis of variability, inheritance degree of total and (+)-gossypol in the environmentally and genetically remote hybrids and their correlations with economically valuable traits was proved:
the cultivars S-6524, S-6530 and S-6532 which were elaborated involving subspccic of G.ssp.punctatum had the highest level of (+)- gossypol and the «Turon» cultivar which was developed by composite hybridization has a low indicator of the current trait and relatively high level of total gossypol in seeds;
It was determined intermediate inheritance level of (+)- gossypol in the petals and seeds in F| hybrids and wide positive and negative transgressive variability in Ғ2-Ғ3. It was proved that the efficiency of plant selection with high (+)- gossypol in seeds since F2, that confirmed with segregation of constant progenies and lines on trait basis in F4 hybrids;
as a result of research the cross-correlation total and ( +)- gossypol and some agranomically valuable traits was found that between the ( +)- gossypol in the petals and seed exists a weak correlation. The data on correlations of studied traits showed an independent genetic control of (+)-gossypol in the generative organs and independent inheritance of them at cco- geographically and genetically remote hybridization.
3. For the first time, based on comparative study of agronomic traits of amphidiploid G.thurheri Tod. x G.raimondii Ulbr. two forms (hirsitum type -K-58 and harhadense type -K-59) and hybrids derived from G.hirsutum L. varieties revealed:
both studied forms of hirsutum type and harhadense type of amphidiploid G.thurheri Tod. x G.raimondii Ulbr., being functional diploids provided wide combinative variability in the progeny from the free reproduction and crossing with the cultivars of tetrapioid G.hirsutum L., and showed their similarity to G.hirsutum L. and G.harhadense L. tctraploid species, respectively;
as a result of the research a group of unique composite hybrids (F\G.thurherii Tod. x G.raimondii Ulbr.) x G.hirsutum L. confirmed unlimited transgressive variation as the basis of a new form revealing, new gene pool developing for use in applied cotton breeding. Herewith, at bud mutant K-59 observed emergence of phenotypes with higher variability for most agronomic traits compared to K-58;
it was found out that in composite hybrids which obtained by crossing of studied forms of G. thurberi Tod. x G. raimondii Ulbr. amphidiploids (2n=52) and with G.hirsutum L. cultivars were observed relatively rapid improvement on productivity and its components in comparison with freely propagated amphidiploids offspring. Herewith, composite hybrids involving K-58 on boll number in all generations was slower comparied to hybrids derived from K-59;
composite hybrids F, obtained involving two cultivars of cultivated forms on fiber output and length were observed deviation toward the parent with the best expression of the trait. It was revealed that the fiber output and length of the studied composite hybrids susceptible to less variability compared in terms productivity and its components. Relatively high variation was manifested on fiber output in F2, and on fiber length in F2-F3. In freely multiplying offspring of K-59 and its hybrids with varieties in F3 was observed the derivations of more long staple plants compared with hybrids, developed involving K- 58;
free propagating amphidiploids’ offsprings and composite hybrids selected by using of cultural forms showed the least wilt susceptibility compared with the control. Wilt resistance of barbadense type K-59 progenies from the free breeding was higher as compared than offspring of K-58, and higher in composite hybrids F2-F4, obtained involving K-59.
4. Under the general principle of correlation relationships among the studied hybrids were found that composite hybrids F2 amphidiploids’ G.thurberi Tod x G.raimondii Ulbr., both types (K-58 and K-59) with a G.hirsutum L. type Acala sj-5 cultivar showed mainly low positive and negative correlation coefficient values, which in most eases were none significant. In hybrid combination of K-58 x Andijan-60 fiber output and length correlated positively;
5. Based on comparative study of inheritance and variation of agronomic traits in developed 4 genomic [(G.thurberi Tod. X G.raimondii Ulbr.) X G.arhoreum L.] x G.hirsutum L., 5 - genome [(F|K-28 x S-6524 ) x G.harhadense L. hybrids and their backcross hybrids were proved:
the possibility of broad transgress variation and creation genetically enriched recombinants on unique traits;
efficiency of backcrosscs among the composite interspecific earlier generation hybrids for rapid improvement and stabilization of eultuvated forms of cotton;
wide transgress variability presence in 4 and 5 species composite hybrids and their backcross hybrids on productivity and its components starting with F|. In particular, it was confirmed the effectiveness of five species hybridization to increase the boll numbers per plant, boll weight and weight of 1000 seeds at 4 and 5 species and backcrosscs hybridization.
by obtaining recombinants having fiber output 43,1-45,0%, fiber length - 40 mm and above, micronairc of fiber 3.9-4.5 and wilt tolerance it was confirmed the effectiveness of introgressive and transgressive breeding at composite 4-5 species hybridization and their backcross hybrids.
6. As a result of studies of correlations in composite 4-5 species and backcrosscs hybridization of F2 hybrids it was revealed the effectiveness of used methods in interruption of such negatively correlated traits as «fiber output» and «fiber length» from medium positive (r=+0,39) up to high positive (r=+0,62), «fiber length» and «micronairc» -medium positive (r=+0,55), as well as «fiber length» and «fiber strength» -medium positive (r =+0,56 and r=+0.50).
7. Based on intraspecific composite and convergent, eco-geographically and genetically remote and 3-4-5 species and backcrosscs hybridizations were developed the following new breeding progenies, lines and varieties of upland cotton:
by composite and convergent hybridization way-L-7966, L-214/05; CC-896/05; CC-896/28; CC-991/05; CC-991/09; KC-1/05; КС-1/08; КС-1/18; KC-1/35; KC-1/51; KC-1/77, S-231-233/07, L-234-235/07, L-236-237/07, L-242-243/07, L-244-245/07, L-482-483/07, L-484-485/07, L-666-667/07, L-397-398/07, L-802-803/07, L-814-815/07, L-230/05;
cco- geographically and genetically distant hybridization - cultivar S-7300, S-7301, the progenies S-5344, S-5361. HPG-1;
composite 3 - specific hybridization -cultivar «Sulton», «Jarkurgan», S-7276, S-7277, as well as a number of lines;
8. Using the remote intra-and interspecific hybridization it was elaborated unique introgression hybrids, genetically enriched cotton recombinants, progenies, lines, and varieties «Sulton», «Jarkurgan», S-7276, S-7277, S-7300, S-7301 having positive combination of high agronomic traits. Cultivar «Sulton» was included in the State register from 2011 and for the period from 2008 up to 2014 it was sown on the area of over than 275,5 thousand hectares.
9. The following rcccomcndations were given for practize and future studies:
use of method convergent hybridization, allowing improving of agronomic valuable traits of recurrent parent and registered medium staple cotton cultivars and receiving a positive transgressive variability;
as an initial source in convergent crosses use cotton varieties with high General combination ability (GCA) on the following: on early maturity- Tashkent-6 and S-9070; boll weight - S-6532; weight of 1000 seeds S- 9070; on productivity -Tashkent-6, S-4911 and S-9070; fiber output -S-6532; fiber length - S-4911 and S-6532; fiber strength - S-6532 and S-4911; and for micronairc - S-6532 and Ak-Darya-6.
for use as an initial source in cotton genetics and breeding research such new cotton selection progenies as well as the lines: KS-1/05; K.S-1/08; K.S-1/18; KS-1/35; KS-1/51; and KS-1/77, L-7966, L-214/05, S-214/05, SS-896/05; SS-896/28; SS-991/05 and SS-991/09 with early maturity, productivity, wilt tolerance, fiber output and quality.
to use in cotton genetics and breeding researches both USA accessions BC3S,-47-8-l-17, BC3S|-l-3-6-15 with 95% of (+)-gossypol level in seeds and lines HPG-1 and others with 90% of (+)-gossypol level, as donors on this trait. Since 2012, developed and studied in the competitive variety testing of Institute the following lines: L-404-05 and L-6970 with high (+)- gossypol level were recommended for testing on ground control of the State Inspection Commission for Agriculture crops variety testing.
widespread use of various forms of synthetic tetrapioids G.thurheri Tod. x G.raimondii Ulbr., 4-5 species composite hybrids [(G. thurheri Tod. x G. raimondii Ulbr.) x G.arhoreum L.] x G.hirsutum L. and [(F t K- 28 x C-6524 ) x G.harhadense L., as well as their backcrosscs for achievement the broad transgress variation, elaboration genetically enriched recombinants on economically valuable traits and their use in practical cotton breeding;
to extend the areas in of early maturing commercialised cotton cultivar «Sulton» and perspective one «Jarkurgan» as well broad testing of such as new varieties S-7277, S-7300 and S-7301 in the republic.
This article covers in detail the issues of ensuring metrological dimensions at the required level in the process of production and repair of mechanical engineering parts, information about the types of measurements, means and rules for their use