It was established that children tolerate COVID-19 much easier. Researchers note the prevalence of asymptomatic and mild forms of the disease in children. According to laboratory studies, severe lymphopenia was extremely rare in children.
It has been shown that COVID-19 in children has a significantly more favorable outcome. The noted features of the clinical and laboratory course of COVID-19 in pediatric patients are probably associated with a number of factors, including age-related features of the immune response (primarily innate immunity), healthier airways (not exposed to tobacco smoke, frequent respiratory infections ), as well as age-related features of the functioning of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2, used by coronaviruses as a cell receptor.
The authors pay special attention to the fact that children, as the category of patients with the highest level of asymptomatic and mild course of the disease, constitute the main transmissible potential for the continuation of the pandemic
Preserving the life and health of premature newborns continues to be one of the priorities of peri- and neonatology. The proportion of premature newborns is 5.8-6% of all births (G.M. Dementieva et al., 2004). They, to a large extent, determine early neonatal mortality, perinatal diseases and cerebral pathology in newborns (Yu.I. Barashnev, 2000). In recent decades, due to significant advances in neonatology and the improvement of perinatal care, the number of surviving newborns with a short gestational age has increased. However, the severity of neurological consequences in these children decreased insignificantly, and it is premature babies who have a serious neurological pathology to a large extent (O.N. Malinovskaya et al. 2005). Therefore, at present, the criteria for success should be considered not only the survival of the child, but also the possibility of his subsequent normal development (A.A. Baranov, 2001).
Purpose of the study. Evaluation of the effectiveness of early diagnosis and intensive care of surgical sepsis that developed against the background of bacterial destruction of the lungs in children based on a comprehensive analysis of clinical, laboratory, bacteriological criteria and the pSOFA scale. Materials and methods. The study period is 2019. - March 2021 The object of the study (n=24) were children with surgical pathology (bacterial destruction of the lungs). Results. The effectiveness of complex intensive therapy for surgical sepsis was noted in 91.6% of cases. In 2 cases, young children died as a result of delayed diagnosis and admission with BDL, pulmonary-pleural-mediastinal form, due to the development of refractory septic shock.
The paper analyzes the features of transport injury in children, depending on the mechanism of injury. Children who were injured inside a car in an accident: "child passengers" and "children behind the wheel", were characterized by a relatively high frequency of injuries to the head, nasal bones and lower extremities. Also in this group of patients, damage to the bone, nervous and cardiovascular systems is noted, and in terms of quantity, damage to one or two systems is usually observed.
According to the structure of the severity of injuries, the first or second degree of severity usually prevails. In children who were injured outside the passenger compartment: "children pedestrians" hit by a car, the injury was characterized by a low incidence of head trauma and a high incidence of damage to the nasal bones and lower extremities. It should also be noted in these cases, mainly damage to the bone, respiratory and cardiovascular systems is observed, and in terms of quantity, damage to two or three systems is usually observed. According to the structure of the severity of injuries, the second and third degrees of severity usually prevail.
По данным ВОЗ, дети с рецидивирующим бронхитом составляют почти 30% всех пациентов с болезнями органов дыхания. По частоте заболеваемости данная патология занимает второе место после аллергических заболеваний. Основными симптомами рецидивирующего бронхита, такие как кашель, одышка и другие симптомы поражения респираторного тракта являются одной из причин обращения к врачам-педиатрам. Лечение рецидивирующего бронхита у детей должно быть комплексным, при котором назначают: антибиотики, сиропы на растительной основе, бронхолитики, иммуностимуляторы, витамины и антигистаминные препараты. Одним из основных компонентов патогенетического лечения, в зависимости от тяжести и локализации процесса, является рациональный выбор антигистаминных средств. При использовании антигистаминных средств лечебный эффект обычно наступает не всегда сразу, а на 2-4-й день лечения. Их эффективность определяется тяжестью бронхолёгочной патологии и индивидуальными особенностями больного ребёнка. Назначение антигистаминных средств уменьшает гиперемию и отек слизистой оболочки бронхов, а в комбинации с бронходилататорами устраняет признаки бронхиальной обструкции.
По данным ВОЗ, паразитарными инфекциями на земном шаре страдает 4300 млн. человек, от 20 млн. до 1,2 млрд, по различным видам инфекций. Наиболее широкое распространение на территории Узбекистана из глистной инвазии принадлежит - гименолепидозу. Заболеваемость гименолепидозом находилась на уровне 174,8±2,4 на 100 тыс. населения. Минимальный показатель заболеваемости гименолепидозом, равный 160,2, был зарегистрирован в 2003 году, тогда как максимальный, составляющий 183,5, наблюдался в 2002 году. Среди заболевших преобладали дети возрастом от 3 до 5 лет, посещающие детские сады и младшие классы школы, с показателем 529,6 на 100 тыс. населения, и дети возрастом 6-14 лет с показателем 516,4 на 100 тыс. населения. Наименьший показатель заболеваемости был зафиксирован у детей до 1 года (49,8 на 100 тыс. населения) и взрослых (46,8 на 100 тыс. населения). Патогенное воздействие гельминтов на детей состоит из сенсибилизации организма с последующим развитием аллергических реакций, механического повреждения тканей и кровеносных сосудов, поглощения крови, некоторых пищевых веществ, а также инокуляции микробной флоры.
Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal pathology. It occurs when another chromosome appears in the 21st pair as a result of a random mutation. Often, children with Down syndrome (DS) and related disorders have a lower IQ level, severe forms of stereotyped behavior. The purpose of this article was to study the neurological conditions of children with DS. Clinical, neurological, neurophysiological and audiological studies were performed in 34 children (16 boys, 18 girls) with DS. The Stanford-Binet intelligence scale was used to determine the intellectual status in children with DS. The manifestation of autistic disorders, somatic pathology and lack of speech activity are predictive adverse factors in children with DS.