This article discusses the latest trends in energy relations in the Middle East, the impact of international and regional events on it, and current issues of energy security in the region. It also analyzes the strategies of the leading countries of the world in the field of energy supply, geopolitical and geoeconomic changes associated with the formation of new energy relations in the Middle East. Energy diplomacy and the foreign policy of the leading oil-producing countries of the Middle East at the world and regional levels are comparatively studied. The most important area in the Middle East today is undoubtedly the issue of energy. This is inextricably linked with the development needs of the countries of the Middle East, and the fuel and energy potential plays an important role in ensuring the prosperity, security and stability of the countries of the region. The Middle East, with its vast reserves, remains a hotbed of conflict in the 21st century. The geopolitical interests of leading countries such as the United States, China, the European Union and Russia clash in the region. In the context of globalization, the energy security of countries becomes the most important task of the global political process. Due to the reduction of hydrocarbon reserves, the intensification of political and economic crises in oil-producing countries, the sharp increase in consumption of raw materials, the problem of energy security is becoming an increasingly important task for international relations. Today, five of the ten leading oil producing countries in the world are located in the Middle East, including Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait and the UAE. This group of countries accounts for more than a quarter of world oil production. Energy production in the region affects not only participants in the Middle East, but also non-regional actors, the entire international energy security system. The final part of the article presents scientific recommendations for ensuring energy security in the Middle East, the formation of modern mechanisms of energy relations and constructive dialogue between the countries of the region at the international and regional levels.
In article the essence and content of standard and legal base of foreign countries on anticorruption reveal, distinctive features of the legislation of foreign countries on anti-corruption are analyzed. On the basis of standards of the legislation of foreign countries the author shows emergency of system studying and introduction of positive aspects of the international standards on anti-corruption. It is proved that the standard and
legal base on anti-corruption is not limited to ad hoc acts and anti-corruption programs, but also includes norms of allied industries of the legislation (public service, ministerial procedures, government procurement).
The article deals with computer programs - as an object of intellectual property on the example of developing countries. The author analyzes foreign legislation as an example - India, South Korea, Spain, and Latin American countries. In conclusion, the author gives their ideas and views on the improvement of legal regulation of relations connected with the computer programs.
The article examines national and foreign experience in judicial protection of exclusive rights to intellectual property. The role and specificity of judicial protection, the legal framework regulating this sphere, the effectiveness of national legislation, relevance to the judiciary, judicial statistics in this matter, case law and the experience of foreign countries are analyzed in order to come up with the methods of protection of exclusive rights to intellectual property.
The socio-economic and legal consequences of the settlement of intellectual property disputes are presented as one of the most pressing issues in the work of the courts in the light of the fact that the issue of intellectual property rights is becoming a serious social problem in Uzbekistan and all around the world.
Based on in-depth analysis of the world experience on how the issue of jurisdiction of intellectual property cases is resolved, it is concluded that the establishment of separate courts specializing specifically in intellectual property disputes will result in resolving disputes without delay in a fair and reasonable manner.
The article differentiates between two categories of problems in the consideration of intellectual property issues in court practice. The first type of problems is related to subjective factors, while the second is demonstrated to comprise objective difficulties. Subjective problems comprise of the courts lacking the experience to resolve all disputes involving intellectual property rights. Alternatively, the objective factors are stated to entail the lack of clear legal framework or underdevelopment of single court practice regulating this category of cases.
Therefore, it is concluded that the establishment of specialized courts in Uzbekistan specifically dealing with intellectual property disputes is justified by the development of social relations based on a market economy and the growing importance of intellectual property in the life of the state and society. In this regard, it is argued that the process of formation of a panel of judges in the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan should entail a system of retraining and advanced training of judges in the field of intellectual property rights in cooperation with the World Intellectual Property Organisation and the Intellectual Property Agency.
Taking comparative research methods as a basis, it is suggested that the Civil Procedural Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Economic Procedural Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Administrative offences should include a chapter devoted to reflection of the specifics of litigation of intellectual property rights, claims, lawsuits, deadlines for appeals and other procedural deadlines, norms that cover all aspects of such disputes differentiating them from other types of cases, as well as, the issue of developing the norms regulating the administrative liability for offences in the field of intellectual property rights and the criminal liability for illegal use of intellectual property rights is also justified
The article discusses interdisciplinary Russian-Central Asian relations with a focus on its economic component. The specifics of the ongoing research, which is the basis for the article, is an attempt to systematically evaluate the key elements of interaction between Russia and Central Asian countries in the areas of politics, security, the economy (including in the energy sector), as well as in the social sphere. Through this lens, the most important factors and stages of relations in the period of 1991-2018 are also identified, and statistics not previously combined in one material are provided. Over the past years, since the declaration of independence of the Central Asian countries, economic relations between the Russian Federation and the regional countries have been characterized by a series of "ups" and "downs". A noticeable activation of Russian business and the overall economic policy of the Russian Federation in Central Asia began to be observed from the beginning of the 2000s. Russia's strategic interests have touched the oil and gas sector, where the vast majority of Russian investments have been represented. In recent years, in the face of continuing Western sanctions, the Central Asian region has become one of the most important, and non-alternative, economic regions for Russia. At present, new trends are beginning to intensify and deepen economic cooperation, including diversification of ties across sectors of the economy, expanding geography and improving the quality of cooperation. Investments from the Central Asian countries themselves in the Russian Federation have played and continue to play an important role in the development of economic relations. Moreover, relations between Russia and Central Asian countries in the labor migration segment have been developing dynamically and on a large scale for many years. In general, the importance of labor migration is high not only for the Russian Federation, but also for the Central Asian countries themselves. It is concluded that in recent years, Russian-Central Asian relations have been characterized by rather high dynamics. There is no doubt that the development of interaction is largely favored by traditionally close bilateral and multilateral ties: due to historical commonality, geographical proximity, socio-cultural and other proximity, the presence of institutional formats, and mutual desire for cooperation.
In the article explores the differences in the approaches of each Central Asian country to regional cooperation. The initiatives put forward by the leaders of the countries of the region were analyzed. The author describes the features of the foreign policy concepts of the countries of the region. The factors of foreign policy of the Central Asian countries are analyzed. The need for regional integration was explained by analyzing the evolutionary processes taking place in Uzbekistan's neighbors in Central Asia. Regional cooperation is based on an understanding of the evolution of geopolitical processes in the modern world, where the tendency to build international, political, economic, and other relations is growing. It is emphasized that such a view is extremely relevant for modern Central Asia, which is a link interconnected by relatively different ancient local ties. Some factors were considered, the development of a special legal document or a concept that reveals prospects aimed at enhancing the development of the countries of the region directly with neighbors. The speeches of the leaders of the countries of the region from the tribunes of influential international organizations and forums on the creation of a new system of international relations in the region have been studied. The main regional and international initiatives of the Central Asian states in the field of security and development were highlighted. Analyzed issues are the measures taken by the countries of the region to solve border problem
In article experience of foreign countries in sphere management of ecology is studied, neoclassical and neocasual management models are compared, legal status of state bodies in this sphere is analyzed, and offers and recommendations in sphere of management are
developed
This article covers the theoretical issues of taxation of activities of business entities in the tax system of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as international tax experience of some foreign countries. Norms and measures used in taxation of the activities of business entities in foreign countries have been provided. As a result of the analysis, scientific conclusions were drawn on the prospects of using the best practices of foreign countries in the taxation of business entities.
In the context of an increasingly complex system of international relations, powerful states areи paying close attention to the factor of cultural diplomacy. After all, this factor becomes a solid criterion for mutually beneficial cooperation and stability. Cultural diplomacy not only contributes to the development and development of international relations, but also enhances trust and promising relations not only between states, but also between nations. In particular, countries such as Russia and China are trying to effectively use cultural diplomacy, taking into account historical experience. The cultural diplomacy of these countries in international affairs is aimed at restoring historical cultural ties with neighboring countries. It should be noted that the cultural diplomacy of Russia and China is carried out differently in each region or country and has a number of similar features. In this regard, cultural diplomacy between Russia and China with the Central Asian region, including Uzbekistan, is an important element of the soft power policy, but also plays a special role in the development of cultural cooperation between peoples. For the Republic of Uzbekistan, the experience of not only leading developed countries, but also Russia and China, the largest countries of the Eurasian region, is important for the Republic of Uzbekistan with a rich history of diplomacy, including cultural diplomacy. If they do not take into account their geopolitical position, their military-economic power, as well as their common history (with Russia) and their interests, Uzbekistan will not be able to build a foreign policy strategy with them in the geo-economic space. Countries such as Russia and China have long used cultural diplomacy as an important foreign policy mechanism, and this process continues today. Therefore, it is important to study the features and experience of the cultural diplomacy policy of the two countries. This article analyzes the diplomatic experience of China and Russia in international relations, in particular the similarities and differences between cultural diplomacy.
Geopolitical transformations and their impact on the energy system are closely related to the formation of the modern world order, and the energy factor plays an increasingly important role in international relations. Currently, energy security is regulated not only by the laws of a market economy, but also by geopolitical interests. Recently, it has been observed that subjects of international relations are trying to use the energy and raw materials factor to advance their interests. In the modern world order, fierce competition and the struggle for energy resources have taken a new turn. Leading countries are striving to establish themselves firmly in regions with large reserves of raw materials. Relations in the field of production, transportation and supply of energy to foreign markets are directly related to geopolitical processes. Therefore, under the influence of geopolitical transformations, this form of relationship changes systematically and functionally. The modern international energy system is affected by the forces and factors inherent in the world order, and is becoming increasingly complex. Geopolitical transformations have a significant impact on the international energy regime, creating a new configuration of geopolitical forces. New large consumer centers are emerging in the international arena, and competition between them is growing. The emergence of new centers of power has a significant impact on international energy relations. Energy conflicts between power centers and other actors weaken the foundations of global energy security. At the same time, the lack of effective international legal mechanisms to ensure energy security complicates the energy situation. This article discusses the impact of geopolitical transformations in East Asia on energy security, geopolitical processes in the region, the impact of the geostrategic, geo-economic interests of leading countries on international and regional energy relations, the impact of economic competition and political tension on markets, investment and energy resources of the countries of the region on the total security of the region, the geopolitical situation in the region and the participation of leading states, as well as international and regional political and economic structures. Also highlights problems of energy security in East Asia, the energy situation in the region, current issues of energy in the region, energy policy and cooperation of the countries of the region, the main directions of modern architecture of energy security in East Asia, energy strategies of the countries of the region, the institutional foundations of energy security, the problems facing energy diplomacy of the states of the region, the impact of regional conflicts on energy security and other relevant issues facing today's energy security in the region. It also provides analytical forecasts of the future energy situation in the region and in the international arena. The article concludes with scientific recommendations aimed at ensuring energy security and enhancing the effectiveness of cooperation in the context of geopolitical transformation.
In this article the legal framework of initiatives which put forwarded by the Central Asian countries and Uzbekistan to promote stability in Afghanistan is analyzed. The author also studied the best practices of foreign countries and national legislation on the basis of comparative analysis and develops proposals and recommendations
The article examines international standards and the experience of foreign countries in the field of initiating disciplinary proceedings in relation to judges. Besides, the issues of the implementation of international standards of disciplinary responsibility of judges in the national legislation of Uzbekistan are analyzed.
The article gives a detailed analysis of the
powers of the chambers of parliaments of foreign countries, the operation of the institution of checks and balances, the effectiveness of the principle of separation of powers, history and contemporary practical experience of the
competences of each of the chambers of parliaments of foreign countries, the perscrutation of the experience of each state separately, the reasons of disagreements be-
tween the chambers of parliament and ways to overcome them.
In the introductory part of the article occurrence and history of application of punishment in the form of lifelong imprisonment in foreign countries are shown. In the basic part of the article different aspects of the specified punishment are considered. In the conclusion the author comes to opinion, that lifelong imprisonment has special, and in some cases exclusive (in those countries where the death penalty), still occur place in the system of criminal punishment of the majority of foreign countries introduction and application of
the given kind of punishment in our country it is necessary to study thoroughly and creatively in order to make use effectively of positive foreign experience.
This article focuses on issues of criminal responsibility for crimes against freedom in criminal laws of some foreign countries.
In the article on the basis of criminal procedural law comparative analysis of investigative bodies of Republic of Uzbekistan and some foreign countries. Proposals to improve the legislation in terms of changes in the list of bodies of inquiry, as well as granting some procedural powers of heads of the Interior and the National Security Service.
The growing damage to the international economy as a result of corruption-related crimes is of particular importance, as is the need for a broader study of the fight against corruption. Analysis of foreign practice shows that in countries with market economies, one of the international tools to ensure the effective operation of public and private sector participants in the fight against corruption in accordance with international standards and other modern methods is an anti-corruption compliance control system.
The issues of responsibility of legal entities are also important in preventing corruption in the private sector.
The article presents the positive experience of foreign countries in the fight against corruption. These effective experiments are conditionally divided into three directions. In particular, the analysis of the anti-corruption system and its effectiveness, clear rules for the introduction of compliance control, as well as the responsibility of legal entities and the analysis of relevant legislation, the prevention of lobbying in the fight against corruption are of particular importance
In this scientific article carried out the basis comparative legal analysis of civil legislation of Uzbekistan, Japan and other countries in the area of origin and protection the institute of private life inviolability, as well as researched the opinions of scientists of civil law on these issues.