The aim of the study is to improve the results of diagnosis and surgical treatment of victims with closed abdominal injury by developing a new approach to ultrasound assessment of the amount of hemoperitoneum, expanding and specifying indications for laparoscopy, taking into account the volume of free fluid in the abdominal cavity.
The object of the study were 160 patients with closed abdominal injury with stable hemodynamics, was hospitalized in the surgical Department of the Republican specialized scientific and practical center for emergency medicine of the Samarkand branch (clinical departments of surgical diseases № 2 and surgery postgraduate faculty of Samarkand state Medical Institute) for the period from 2010 to 2019.
The scientific novelty of the study is as follows: a fundamentally new approach to ultrasound evaluation of discrete volumes of free fluid in the abdominal cavity is proposed, based on taking into account the thickness of the fluid layer and its prevalence in the abdominal cavity zones; The expediency of using the ultrasound indicator "free fluid in the abdominal cavity < or >500 ml" in choosing the tactics of surgical treatment of patients with closed abdominal injury is substantiated; an algorithm for choosing surgical tactics for the treatment of patients with closed abdominal trauma was developed based on an ultrasound assessment of the volume of free fluid in the abdominal cavity.
Implementation of research results. Based on the results of a scientific study to improve the diagnosis and surgical treatment of patients with closed abdominal trauma:methodological recommendations "The choice of tactics for surgical treatment of closed abdominal trauma based on ultrasound assessment of the nature and severity of the injury" have been developed (certificate of the Ministry of Health No. 8n-z/1282 dated November 15, 2022). The proposed recommendations made it possible to increase the effectiveness of the diagnosis of intra-abdominal injuries in patients with abdominal trauma;
The results of scientific research on improving the diagnosis and surgical treatment of patients with closed abdominal injury have been introduced into medical practice, including the clinical practice of the Republican Scientific Center for Emergency Medical Care and its Samarkand, Surkhandarya and Navoi branches (conclusion of the Ministry of Health No. 8 n-z/699 dated December 21, 2022). The introduction of the obtained results into clinical practice allowed to improve the quality of high-tech surgical care provided to patients with isolated and combined abdominal injuries, to reduce the frequency of postoperative complications from 11.9 to 3.1% (p=0.144).
The structure and volume of the dissertation. The dissertation consists of an introduction, 4 chapters, conclusions and a list of cited literature. The volume of the text material is 107 pages.
Достижение высокого эстетического результата невозможно без учета состояния гигиены полости рта и наличия заболеваний пародонта. От уровня гигиены полости рта и состояния тканей пародонта напрямую зависят качество и длительность функционирования реставраций. Достижение высокого эстетического результата невозможно без учета состояния гигиены полости рта и наличия заболеваний пародонта. От уровня гигиены полости рта и состояния тканей пародонта напрямую зависят качество и длительность функционирования реставраций. Однако индивидуальная гигиена полости рта, профилактика, ранняя диагностика и лечение заболеваний пародонта при лечении кариеса часто упускаются из внимания практикующих врачей
The aim of the research work is determination of the prospects for the use of a domestic agent for the prevention of adhesion formation in thoraco-abdominal surgery on the basis of experimental and morphological studies.
Research objectives were white outbred rats in the amount of 62 individuals, in two experimental studies on the abdominal and pleural cavities, in each series of experiments the studies were carried out in 2 comparative groups, control and main. Experiments on the formation of adhesions in the abdominal and pleural cavities were carried out on the basis of the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Surgery named after acad. V.Vakhidov in the Department of Experimental Surgery for the period from 2019 to 2020.
The scientific novelty of the research consists of the followings: it is proved according to the data of experimental research that when modeling the adhesion process in the abdominal cavity, the local application of an anti-adhesion coating made of cellulose derivatives reduces the processes of adhesiogenesis and the development of changes in architectonics, bends and narrowings of the intestinal lumen; it was found in an experimental study that when modeling the adhesion process in the chest cavity, the local use of an anti-adhesion implant provides a significant decrease in the risk of adhesiogenesis in the form of the formation of coarse adhesions or planar adhesions; it was determined that when blood serum was applied over a powder implant, the quality of adhesion and the uniformity of its distribution on the surface of the experimental defect of the peritoneum or lung did not change, but, in contrast to activation by blood (to ensure a hemostatic effect), it was not accompanied by the development of cellular inflammation due to the resorption of thrombotic masses; it was found that the formation of a gel film over the area of damage to the peritoneum in the absence of cellular elements of blood makes it possible to achieve biodegradation of the coating without a pronounced cellular-inflammatory reaction, providing cicatricial replacement of defects with a significant reduction in the risk of developing a massive adhesive process; the morphostructural features of the formation of the adhesive process when using an anti-adhesive coating, characterized by regression in the dynamics of the number of connective tissue cells of the inflammatory infiltrate with scarring of the defect zone without the development of adhesive conglomerates with the surrounding tissues, have been determined.
Introduction of the research results. According to the results of a scientific study on a comparative analysis of the use of a domestic agent for the prevention of adhesion formation in thoraco-abdominal surgery: methodological recommendations were developed: "New technologies for the prevention of adhesions in thoraco-abdominal surgery" (certificate of the Ministry of Health No. 08-09/10055 of August 12, 2021). The proposed recommendations for performing surgical interventions on the organs of the abdominal and thoracic cavities will allow for sparing local hemostasis, as well as prevent the formation of a coarse adhesive process in the abdominal cavity.
The obtained scientific results on a comparative analysis of the use of the domestic remedy for the prevention of adhesion formation in thoraco-abdominal surgery have been introduced into the practical activities of health care, including in the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Surgery named after V.I. Academician V. Vakhidov, surgical departments of the clinics of the Andijan and Samarkand State Medical Institutes (certificate of the Ministry of Health No. 08-09/10055 of August 12, 2021). Based on the proposed results of experimental studies, it was shown that the use of an anti-adhesive coating made of cellulose derivatives made it possible to reduce the risk of adhesion formation from 60% to 20%, bowel deformation without manifestations of obstruction from 33.3% to 13.3% and the possibility of acute adhesive intestinal obstruction from 6.7% to 0%.
Structure and scope of the dissertation. The dissertation consists of an introduction, four chapters, conclusions, practical recommendations and a list of cited literature. The volume of work is 113 pages.
На сегодняшний день вирусный гепатит С представляет одну из актуальных проблем общественного здравоохранения. Дисфункция печени может проявляться различными изменениями в полости рта, а именно - в виде истеричности слизистой оболочки, нарушения свертываемости крови, наличия петихий, склонности к гематомам, гингивитам, десневым кровотечениям, даже в ответ на минимальную травму, может отмечаться печеночный запах изо рта, хейлит, гладкий и атрофический язык, ксеростомия, периоральная сыпь, болезненность полости рта. Особый интерес в детской стоматологии представляют изменения слизистой оболочки полости рта на фоне хронического гепатита Св детском возрасте и фармакотерапевтические подходы.
Кариес зубов - многофакторное заболевание, в развитии которого важную роль играет высокое качество гигиены полости рта. Знание того, что кариес является динамическим и обратимым процессом, привело к развитию новых технологий, способных выявить кариес на самых ранних стадиях до образования полости. Ежедневная гигиена полости рта с использованием пасты, в состав которых включены фторид и бикарбонат кальция, поможет остановить развитие кариеса зубов и снизить риск появления новых кариозных полостей даже в условиях низкого уровня гигиены полости рта
Проблема оказания стоматологической помощи сельскому населению считается одним из актуальнейших проблем. Сельскоенаселение имеет меньше возможности получения полномасштабного стоматологического вмешательства. Глобальная программа ВОЗ в области охраны здоровья полости рта проводит свою работу в соответствии со стратегией профилактики хронических болезней и укрепления здоровья. Особое внимание уделяется разработке глобальной политики в области укрепления здоровья полости рта и профилактики болезней полости рта, включая стимулирование разработки и осуществления проектов по укреплению здоровья полости рта и профилактике болезней полости рта на уровне отдельных сообществ при уделении особого внимания социально неблагополучным группам населения (World Health Organization 2009).
Среди изучаемого контингента отсутствует осведомленность о мерах соблюдения гигиены полости рта, вследствие чего они не используют современные и высокоэффективные средства гигиены полости рта. Результаты этого исследования доказывают необходимость просвещения рабочих переработки нефтепродуктов о необходимости поддержания гигиены полости рта и о неблагоприятном влиянии производственных вредностей на заболевания полости рта.