Axiography is an objective method of examining the trajectory of the articular pathway, which allows us to assess the nature of the function in normal and functional disorders of the temporomandibular joint.To carry out the method of axiography, an Arcus digma axiograph (KaVo, Germany) was used, which was connected to a personal computer. Arcus digma (KaVo, Germany) is an electronic system for recording movements of the lower jaw, which allows for three-dimensional ultrasonic recording of movements of the lower jaw and registering angles to adjust the articulator to an individual function. An ultrasonic transmitter and a receiver mounted on a measuring arc were connected to the main device of the device. Data was saved directly during measurements on a connected computer, and the selection of workspaces and workflow management were carried out through the main device or using a pedal. The holder of the paraocclusive plug, which was fixed using Structur 2 SC (VOCO) to the vestibular surface of the teeth of the lower jaw, was connected to the transmitter. The selection of the required measuring program was carried out from the touch screen of the basic device. If necessary, all the measurements carried out could be reproduced in dynamic mode many times. All movements were performed while maintaining contact between the teeth of the upper and lower jaw. In this study, we used the proposed method of combined use of the Littmann electronic stethoscope and the Arcus digma axiograph (Fig.5) (innovation proposal No. 1600 dated 11.02.2016, authors: Geletin P.N., Morozov V.G., Mishutin E.A., Ginali N.V., Karelina A.N.). the combined application of axiography and auscultation of the temporomandibular joint is as follows:
8. The diagnosis was made based on the analysis of axigrams (deviation of the trajectories of opening and closing the mouth from the norm in the sections of the axiogram corresponding to the initial, middle and final phase of opening and closing the mouth and computer analysis of phonogram recordings according to the main characteristics of sound (sound strength and frequency) and the phase of opening and closing the mouth, in which sound phenomena occur.
Of the 200 examined wisdom teeth, 50% were buried. There are more wisdom teeth in the lower jaw than in the upper jaw. Wisdom teeth are located more medially in the lower jaw and more distally in the upper jaw. To prevent the development of inflammatory processes during the eruption of wisdom teeth, it is optimal to remove the molars of wisdom at the stage of crown formation, if at least one of the morphological parameters is discordant.
In peacetime, non-firearms of the lower jaw are usually observed. They arise as a result of resection or disarticulation of the jaw (in connection with a benign or malignant tumor), its elongation in the elimination of underdevelopment, after suffering osteomyelitis or overly extensive and uneconomical sequestrectomy, after an accidental trauma, etc. [6,9]. Among the many reasons that lead to the occurrence of defects in this localization, oncological pathology takes the first place, with malignant tumors accounting for up to 16% of cases, benign ones - up to 42.9% [10, 11, 12]. Traumatic injuries, gunshot and non-gunshot wounds of the maxillofacial region, leading to defects of the lower jaw of various lengths, occur in 28.5% of cases [7].