Tooth decay is the gradual breakdown of tooth components, resulting from the loss of hydroxyapatite crystals as part of aging. Mutans Streptococci is one of the species most associated with tooth decay. The samples were isolated and cultured following standard procedures, and the results showed that Streptococcus mutans was indeed the most isolated bacteria, accounting for 47 (85.5%) cases in people with tooth decay. Small soft blue colonies of S. mutans bacteria appeared due to their absence in several individuals which may be attributed to their small numbers. Lactobacilli were also isolated in 8 (14.55%) cases. Antibiotic sensitivity tests against S. mutans showed that this bacterium was sensitive to azithromycin antibiotic and resistant multi-antibiotic tetracycline, as well as amoxicillin, tobramycin, and ciprofloxacin along with chloramphenicol, ampicillin and lincomycin. The objective of this study is to isolate and identify bacteria that cause tooth decay, and determine which antibiotics effectively inhibit them.
The advent of inexorable human, and industrial activities as well as the input of nature has impacted the environment by releasing Heavy Metals into the aquatic system. Hence, the physical removal of hazardous HM remains a demand of the day. This review envisages the use of agro-waste with the incorporation of nanotechnology for the removal of HM from aquatic systems. The focus is on plant parts, plant metabolites, and plant-cellulose-derived Carbon Nanofibers (CNF) as materials used for the removal of Heavy Metals. Owing to their high surface area, high mechanical strength, greater chemical reactivity due to the presence of dangling bonds, non-toxicity, high porosity,channel-like morphology, and lower costas the precursor, energy-efficient production; makes CNF an effective adsorbent of Heavy Metals.CNF synthesized from agro-waste and plant-metabolite to adsorb Heavy Metals; as well as acts as a filtration base has been touched upon with the hope of bridging the gap between ever-increasing demand and available clean water. A brief introduction to the CNF, its structure, properties as well as common methods of synthesis of CNF is given. Moreover, Physico-Chemical and Biological methods that are being used is also touched upon. The article suggests the need for innovative, low-cost, and environmentally friendly surface modification techniques and the use of agro-waste-derived CNF for the removal of HM from water.
To evaluate the effectiveness of the use of a domestic production of Vinifer in the prevention of alveolitis after the removal of impacted and dystopic teeth. Material and methods: 72 patients aged 17 to 30 years and older, who applied from district polyclinics in Tashkent and other regions of Uzbekistan in 2019-2021, were under observation. Results: When using Vinifer to prevent alveolitis, the frequency of complications after tooth extraction decreased markedly. Treatment of alveolitis with the use of powder from the Vinifer preparation has reduced the number of visits to the dental surgeon. Conclusions: In terms of therapeutic and prophylactic properties, the drug showed positive results, while not inferior to imported counterparts.
To evaluate the effectiveness of the use of a domestic production of Vinifer in the prevention of alveolitis after the removal of impacted and dystopic teeth. Material and methods: 72 patients aged 17 to 30 years and older, who applied from district polyclinics in Tashkent and other regions of Uzbekistan in 2019-2021, were under observation. Results: When using Vinifer to prevent alveolitis, the frequency of complications after tooth extraction decreased markedly. Treatment of alveolitis with the use of powder from the Vinifer preparation has reduced the number of visits to the dental surgeon. Conclusions: In terms of therapeutic and prophylactic properties, the drug showed positive results, while not inferior to imported counterparts.
Implant placement in maxillary anterior region has most aesthetic challenges in implant dentistry because tooth loss lead to bone resorption and collapse of gingival architecture, which lead to aesthetic compromise and inadequate bone for implant placement. Immediate implant placement into fresh extraction socket reduces the treatment time, cost, preserved the gingival aesthetic and increases the comfort of the patient. This article describes the procedure for immediate implant placement in fresh extraction socket and early loading of implant with zirconia crown. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed width and length of the tooth for selecting implant size and design. Cement retained zirconia crown was used for early loading. Implant was successfully loaded and was functional during 36 months follow up period. Immediate placement and early loading of dental implant provides advantages like fewer surgical procedures, shorter treatment time, and improved aesthetic and psychological confidence. Loss of tooth in the aesthetic zone is a traumatic experience with or without compromise in phonetics. Hence, in the aesthetic zone implant supported single tooth replacement is one of the most challenging situations confronting the clinician. According to the traditional protocols 3-4 months of healing period is required for the consolidation of extraction socket. Taking into account the prosthetic treatment, patients frequently are required to wait up to 1 year for replacement of a lost tooth.
Tooth extraction is the most common operation, after which hemorrhagic complications often occur, especially in patients with chronic viral liver disease. This condition is caused by damage to the endothelial lining of blood vessels. Based on this, the purpose of this study was to study the features of endothelial dysfunction before tooth extraction in patients with viral hepatitis. 58 patients with hepatitis B and C with different prescription periods of the disease were examined. In patients with viral hepatitis, an increase in platelet aggregation activity on the effect of an ADP inducer (Tma) by 45% was noted before tooth extraction. The lengthening of the activated recalcification time (AVR) by 37% observed by us in patients with viral hepatitis reflects a deficiency of plasma factors (XII,XI,XIII) of the blood coagulation system and indicates a state of hypocoagulation. Against this background, high values of alpha-2 macroglobulin in the blood (4 times) and Willebrand factor (15%) and a significant decrease (by 35%) in the content of protein C in the blood of the examined patients were noted. The obtained results of the study indicate that these patients have a narrow band of maintaining hemostatic balance, and the existing balance can easily be transformed into hypo- or hypercoagulation, which requires preventive measures to prevent complications after tooth extraction.
It is known that in chronic liver diseases, secondary immunodeficiency is formed, which is of great importance for the dental system and the entire body as a whole. Therefore, it becomes clear the importance of studying the state of the protective system of oral tissues in chronic viral liver pathology, which requires timely and constant correction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of proinflammatory cytokines and cytolytic enzymes in patients with chronic viral hepatitis before tooth extraction. The level of cytokine IL-1 in patients with CVI before tooth extraction was on average 43.97±3.56 pg / ml, whereas in healthy people the studied indicator was on average 5.41 ± 0.42 pg / ml. The patients showed an increase in the level of IFN in the blood serum by an average of 6.2 times, the level of interleukin-18, belonging to the IL-1 family, was statistically significantly increased by 2.4 times in patients with CVI, compared with the control group. The features of CVH are dissociations between the levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, IL-18 and interferon. This indicates the disintegration of the inflammatory process occurring in the periodontal tissues and with the transition to a chronic course of the disease. Changes in the level of IL-1, IL-6, IL-18 and interferon in the blood serum of patients with CVI from normal parameters before tooth extraction is an indicator of the severity of the inflammatory process in the liver, as evidenced by changes in the dynamics of cytolytic enzymes.
It is known that in chronic liver diseases, secondary immunodeficiency is formed, which is of great importance for the dental system and the entire body as a whole. Therefore, it becomes clear the importance of studying the state of the protective system of oral tissues in chronic viral liver pathology, which requires timely and constant correction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of proinflammatory cytokines and cytolytic enzymes in patients with chronic viral hepatitis before tooth extraction. The level of cytokine IL-1 in patients with CVI before tooth extraction was on average 43.97±3.56 pg / ml, whereas in healthy people the studied indicator was on average 5.41 ± 0.42 pg / ml. The patients showed an increase in the level of IFN in the blood serum by an average of 6.2 times, the level of interleukin-18, belonging to the IL-1 family, was statistically significantly increased by 2.4 times in patients with CVI, compared with the control group. The features of CVH are dissociations between the levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, IL-18 and interferon. This indicates the disintegration of the inflammatory process occurring in the periodontal tissues and with the transition to a chronic course of the disease. Changes in the level of IL-1, IL-6, IL-18 and interferon in the blood serum of patients with CVI from normal parameters before tooth extraction is an indicator of the severity of the inflammatory process in the liver, as evidenced by changes in the dynamics of cytolytic enzymes.
The purpose of this study was to assess the state of hemostatic homeostasis in the postoperative period after tooth extraction in patients with viral hepatitis. 58 patients with chronic viral hepatitis were examined. The indicators of the hemostasis system before and after the tooth extraction operation were studied. It was revealed that the indicators of vascular-platelet and fibrinolytic links of the hemostasis system in viral hepatitis have a compensatory and adaptive orientation and contribute to maintaining homeostasis at different levels, but are closely related to the number and functional state of platelets.