ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 12 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
722
MAHALLA TUSHUNCHASINING VUJUDGA KELISHI HAQIDA
Sadullayev Umidjon Shokir o’g’li
Osiyo Xalqaro Universiteti, Tarix va filologiya kafedrasi o’qituvchisi
sadullayevumidjonshokirugli@oxu.uz
Annotatsiya
. Mahalla institutining rivojlanish tarixi bir necha bosqichlarni o’z ichiga
oladi. Mahalla ijtimoiy tuzilma sifatida qadim zamonlardan buyon mamlakatimizda ma’rifat
markazi, fuqarolarning o‘zini-o‘zi boshqarish tizimining samarali shakli bo‘lib kelgan. Mahalla
- Sharq tamadduni, xususan, Markaziy osiyo xalqlari turmush tarzi, tafakkuri va qadriyatlarini
o’zida aks ettirgan jamiyat hayotini tashkil etadigan an’anaviy ijtimoiy institut. “Mahalla” so‘zi
arab tilida tarjima qilinganda “turar-joy”, “qo‘nalg‘a”, “shaharning qismi” degan ma’nolarni
anglatadi.
Kalit so’zlar:
mahalla, jamoa, urf-odatlar, hashar, oila, “turar-joy”, “qo‘nalg‘a”,
“shaharning qismi”.
ABOUT THE EMERGENCE OF THE CONCEPT OF NEIGHBORHOOD
Abstract.
The development history of the neighborhood institution includes several stages.
The neighborhood as a social structure has been a center of enlightenment in our country since
ancient times, an effective form of the self-management system of citizens. Mahalla is a
traditional social institution that organizes the life of society, reflecting the lifestyle, thinking and
values of Eastern civilization, in particular, the peoples of Central Asia. The word "Mahalla" in
Arabic means "residence", "neighbourhood", "part of the city".
Key words:
neighborhood, community, traditions, hashar, family, "residence", "house",
"part of the city".
О ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИИ ПОНЯТИЯ СОСЕДСТВА
Аннотация.
История развития учреждения микрорайона включает в себя
несколько этапов. Район как социальная структура издавна является центром
просвещения в нашей стране, эффективной формой системы самоуправления граждан.
Махалля – традиционный социальный институт, организующий жизнь общества,
отражающий образ жизни, мышление и ценности восточной цивилизации, в частности,
народов Центральной Азии. Слово «Махалля» в переводе с арабского означает
«резиденция», «район», «часть города».
Ключевые слова:
квартал, община, традиции, хашар, семья, «резиденция», «дом»,
«часть города».
Qadimda mahalla nafaqat ijtimoiy tuzilma, balki ma’muriy-hududiy tuzilma sifatida ham
e’tirof etilgan. Qadimgi davr arxeologik manbalarining guvohlik berishicha, bronza davri
manzilgohi hisoblangan Sopollitepada sakkizta patriarxal oila istiqomat qilgan, ularni
qarindoshlik rishlarigina emas, jamoadagi xo’jalik manfaatlari ham uyushtirgan. Vaqt o’tgani
sayin ular safiga yuzdan ortiq oilalar kelib qo’shilgan. Qarindoshlardan tashkil topgan oilalar
jamoasini, oqsoqollar boshqarib kelganlar
. Oqsoqollar saylov yo’li bilan jamoa tomonidan
1
Бўриев о.,Саидов Б.Маҳалла – миллий тарихий институт. – Тошкент:Янги нашр, - Б.13
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 12 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
723
tayinlangan. Jamoa hayotiga oid muhim masalalar oqsoqol boshchilik qiladigan “Oqsoqollar
kengashi”da qabul qillingan.
Qadimgi Dovon davlatida ham oqsoqollar kengashi davlat hayotida muhim ahamiyat
kasb etgan. Yuqoridagilardan ham ko’rinib turibdiki, mahalla instituti ildizlari qadimga borib
taqaladi.
Bu tuzilma jamiyat hayotida, ijtimoiy munosabatlarda muhim rol o’ynab kelgan.
Insonlarning bir-biriga bo’lgan ehtiyoji ularni jamoa birlashib yashashiga sabab bo’gan. Abu
Nasr Farobiy “Fozil shahar aholisi haqida mulohazalar” asarida odamlar sonining ko‘payishi
sababli inson jamoalariga bo‘lgan ehtiyoj g‘oyasini ochib beradi. ”Har bir inson tabiiy ravishda
shu tarzda joylashtirilgan, yashash va obodonlashtirishga intilish uchun unga ko‘p narsalar kerak,
ammo u yolg‘iz o‘zi ularni o‘zlashtira olmaydi, bunga erishishi uchun insoniyat hamjamiyatiga
ehtiyoj paydo bo‘ladi. Jamiyat a’zolarining birgalikdagi faoliyati ularga o‘sha narsalarga erishish
va o‘zlashtirish imkoniyatini beradi”. Qomusiy olim Abu Ali ibn Sino “Uy-ro‘zg‘or to‘grisida”
nomli risolasida “Insonlarning bir-birlarining ehtiyojlarini qondirish uchun ularga umumiy
intilish va maqsadlar kerak” – deya, ta’kidlaydi
Ulug‘ mutafakkir Nosir Xisrav o‘zining 1043-1052 yillarda Yaqin Sharq mamlakatlariga
qilgan sayohati davomida yozgan “Safarnoma” asarida “Qohira shahri 10 ta mahallotdan iborat”-
deya ta’kidlaydi. U turli mintaqalarda mahallot (joy), guzar, jamoa, elat, elod nomlarda atalib
kelingan. Adabiyotlarda mahallalarning koʻp ming yillik tarixga ega ekanligi haqida maʼlumotlar
uchraydi. Masalan, Narshaxiy oʻzining „Buxoro tarixi“ asarida Buxoroda bundan 1100-yil ilgari
bir qancha mahallalar boʻlganini qayd etib oʻtgan
. Alisher Navoiy oʻzining „Hayrat ul-
abror“ asarida mahallani “mahalla shahar ichidagi shaharcha“dir-deb taʼriflaydi, Hirot shahri yuz
shaharcha ahamiyatiga ega boʻlgan mahallalardan tashkil topganini aytib oʻtadi
. Mahallalar,
ayniqsa, Amir Temur davrida ravnaq topgan. Bu davrda mahallalar fuqarolarning kasbkori
asosida shakllangan va shunga qarab nomlangan. Masalan, zargarlik, misgarlik, koʻnchilik,
pichoqchilik, qoshiqchilik, temirchi, egarchi, taqachi va h.k. Mahmud Qoshg‘ariyning “Devon-u
lug‘ati-turk” asarida savdo va hunarmandchilik kvartallarini bildiruvchi ibora sifatida “mahalla”
so‘zi qo‘llanilgan. Mahalla qadimda mahalliy hokimiyatning oʻziga xos bir shakli, koʻrinishi
tarzida faoliyat koʻrsatgan. Uni boshqarish jamoatchilik asosida olib borilib, oʻzining
yozilmagan ichki tartib-qoidalariga ega boʻlib, u hamma uchun birdek qonuniy hisoblangan.
Mahalla xalqimizning turmush tarzi, ruhiy - ma’naviy ehtiyoji, mafkurasi, tafakkuri,
insonlarning o‘zaro qo‘shnichilik aloqalari, oilaviy munosabatlarni shakllantiruvchi ma’naviy-
ma’rifiy maskan, kengash, maslahat, hashar kabi milliy udumlar xalq sayllari, bayramlar
uyushtiriladigan qo‘ni-qo‘shnichilik, quda-andachilik kabi masalalar hal etiladigan serqirra
ijtimoiy tuzilma hisoblandi. Xalqimiz dunyoqarashi, fe’l-atvori, milliy mentaliteti haqida gap
ketganda shaxsning ijtimoiylashuvida jamoatchilikning o‘rni alohida ahamiyat kasb etishini
ta’kidlash zarur. Sharqlik inson o‘z hayotini jamoatchilikning tajribasi, axloqiy me’yorlari va
moddiy ko‘magisiz tasavvur etmaydi.
2
Абу Али ибн Сино. Тиб қонунлари.- Тошкент,1992.-Б.89
3
Абу Бакр Муҳаммад ибн Жафар ан-Наршахий.Бухоро тарихи.-Тошкент,1993.-Б. 30-45
4
Алишер Навоий.Ҳайратул аброр.- Тошкент,1999. - Б.89
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 12 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
724
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