ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN
SCIENCE
АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 2 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
902
MIRZO SIROJ HAKIM VA UNING MEROSI.
Sadullayev Umidjon Shokir o’g’li
The teacher of History and Philology department,
Asian International University.
sadullayevumidjonshokirugli@oxu.uz
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10684770
Annotatsiya.
XX asr boshlarida Oʻrta Osiyo yerlarida, jumladan, Buxoro amirligida
jadidchilik harakati keng quloch yozdi. Ijtimoiy-siyosiy harakat o’z oldiga qo’ygan asosiy maqsadi
Buxoro amirligi hududida taʼlimini isloh qilish, yangi matbuot va adabiyotlarni tarqatish, asosiysi
xalqni uyg`otishdan iborat edi. Jadidchilik harakatining ko’zga ko’ringan namoyandalaridan biri,
“Yosh Buxoroliklar” harakati a`zosi, bilimdon kishilaridan biri atoqli savdogar, sayyoh va doktor
Mirzo Siroj Hakim edi. Ushbu maqolada Mirzo Siroj Hakim va uning merosi qisqacha tahlil
qilinadi.
Kalit so’zlar: jadidchilik,
“Yosh Buxoroliklar”, sayohat, matbuot, gazeta, tibbiyot.
MIRZA SIROJ HAKIM AND HIS LEGACY.
Abstract. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Jadidist movement spread widely in the
lands of Central Asia, including the Bukhara Emirate. The main goal of the socio-political
movement is to reform education in the territory of the Bukhara Emirate, spread new press and
literature, and the main thing is to awaken the people. was Mirzo Siroj Hakim, a famous merchant,
tourist and doctor, was one of the prominent representatives of the Jadidchilik movement, a
member of the "Yosh Bukharolikler" movement, and one of its knowledgeable people. This article
briefly analyzes Mirza Siroj Hakim and his legacy.
Key words: struggle, "Yosh Bukharolikler", travel, press, newspaper, medicine.
МИРЗА СИРОДЖ ХАКИМ И ЕГО НАСЛЕДИЕ.
Аннотация. В начале XX века джадидистское движение широко распространилось
в Средней Азии, включая Бухарский эмират. Основной целью общественно-политического
движения было реформирование образования на территории Бухарского эмирата,
распространение новой прессы и литературы, а главное было разбудить народ. состояло
в расстреле. Мирзо Сиродж Хаким, известный купец, турист и врач, был одним из видных
представителей движения Джадидчилик, членом движения «Йош Бухароликлер» и одним
из его знающих людей. В этой статье кратко анализируется Мирза Сиродж Хаким и его
наследие.
Ключевые слова: борьба, «Йош Бухароликлер», путешествие, пресса, газета,
медицина.
Buxoro qadimdan ilm-u urfon markazi bo’lib kelgan. Mirzo Siroj 1877-yil 23-oktabrda
Buxoroning Ismoilxo‘ja mahallasida sarrof va savdogar oilasida tug‘ilgan. Uning otasi hoji
Abdurrauf Mirzoxurd juda boy va Buxoroda taniqli shaxs edi. U yolg‘iz o‘g‘lining ta’lim olishini,
faoliyatini davom ettirishini orzu qilardi. Shu bois u besh yoshidanoq o‘g‘lini ilm-fanga, san’atga
yo‘naltirishga alohida e’tibor bergan. Yosh Sirojiddin maktab va madrasa ilmlarini o‘rgangach,
ustozlari qo‘lida axloq, tarix, adabiyot, arifmetika, geografiya, matematika, fors, turk, arab, rus,
fransuz tillarini puxta o‘rgandi. Shu bilan birga, u she’riyatga mehr qo‘ydi, uning forsi she’rlari
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN
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АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 2 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
903
Buxoro adabiy doirasi tomonidan yaxshi kutib olindi. U voyaga yetkach dastlabki faoliyatini
otasining kichik bir sarroflik do`konida boshlab keyinchalik o`zi mustaqil ravishda paxta savdosi
bilan shug`ullangan.
U ish yuzasidan Marg‘ilon, Andijon, Jizzax, Toshkent, Chimkent, Jambul kabi shaharlarga
ko‘p sayohat qiladi, mahalliy turmush tarzi bilan tanishadi. Mirzo Siroj Sadriddin Ayniy va
Munzim tavsiyasi bilan Sadri Ziyo xonadonida o‘z davrining mashhur kitobi – Ahmad Donishning
“Navodir-ul-vakoe”si bilan tanishadi. Qori Rahmatullohi Vozehning “Savoneh-ul-masolik va
farosix-ul-mamolik” (“Yo`llarning qulayliklari va mamlkatlarning masofalari”) (1887) asarini
o‘qish va turli xil savdogar va sayohatchilardan Rossiya imperiyasi, Usmonlilar davlati, Eron,
Hindiston, Afg`oniston va ayniqsa Yevropa mamlakatlari ko`p ma`lumotlarni eshitishi yosh
Sirodjidin qalbida sayohat orzusini uyg‘otadi. Mirzo Siroj 1902-1909-yillarda Yevropaning
ko‘plab mamlakatlarida, xususan, Avstriya, Vengriya, Bolgariya, Serbiya, Fransiya, Buyuk
Britaniya, Italiya, Germaniya, Rossiya, Polsha va Eron kabi Sharq mamlakatlarida savdo qilgan.
Afg'oniston, Turkiya, Arabiston, Hindiston va boshqalarga sayohat qilgan. Mirzo Siroj
1902-yil 5-iyunda Buxoroda uchrashgan Avstriya shahzodasining taklifini bajarish bahonasida
Yevropaga olti oylik safarga otlanadi. Turkman cho‘li orqali Krasnovodskka, u yerdan Kaspiy
dengizi bo‘ylab Bokuga, u yerdan Tiflis va Batumiga boradi. Qora dengiz orqali Turkiyaga kelib,
Samsun va Istanbul shaharlarini aylanib chiqadi. U yerdan Sofiya, Budapesht, Vena, Berlin, Parij,
London, Bern, Marseille, Milan, Varshava, Moskvaga boradi va Ryazandan temir yoʻl orqali
Buxoroga qaytadi.
Mirzo Sirojning ikkinchi safari 1903 yilning mart oyida bo‘lgan. Bu safar u Eronning bir
qator shaharlari, jumladan Mashhad, Nishopur, Sabzavorga sayohat qilib, 1905-yil 16-iyunda
vataniga qaytib keladi. Bu safar davomida u Sabzavor shahrida sakkiz oy qoladi. Keyin Hirot,
Kobul va Mozori Sharifdan o`tadi. Sabzavor shahri haqida shunday deydi: “Sabzavor Xurosonning
qudratli va obod shaharlaridan biridir. Shahar havosi juda yoqimli. Xurosonning boshqa
shaharlariga nisbatan toza va ozoda. Sabzavorda bug‘doy, arpa, paxta ko‘p. Paxta va jun savdosi
ham yuqori. Ko'plab mahalliy va xorijiy korxonalar mavjud. Sabzavordagi savdogarlarning
aksariyati g‘arbliklar. Tabrizda ham yirik bizneslari bor. Ular g‘alla, yog‘ va shakar, choy va
boshqalarni sotadilar, paxta va jun sotib oladilar. Sabzavor paxtasi Xurosonning boshqa
shaharlaridan afzaldir”. Eronning boshqa bir shahri Mashhadda Mirzo Siroj biznes bilan
shug‘ullanishini aytadi: “Mashhadda ko'proq sayr qildim, oxiri zerikib ham ketdim va bir ish bilan
shug'ullanishim kerakligini angladim. O'zimdagi pul, Qo'qondagi tijorat mollari va Xitoy
bankining biletlari va boshqalarini keltirib, bu yerda arzon bo'lgan paxta va terilarni sotib oldim.
Olgan narsalarimni Sabzavor, Nishopur va boshqa hududdan kelgan tijoratchilarga berdim,
shu bahona Nishopurga ham borib sayr qildim”.
Mirzo Siroj 1905-yil iyulidan 1909-yil oxirigacha davom etgan uchinchi safari chogʻida
Eron, Afgʻoniston va Hindistonning qator shaharlarida boʻladi. Eronda 1905-1911 yillardagi
inqilobning bevosita guvohi bo‘lgan. 1903 yilda Erondagi mashhur Tehron tibbiyot kolleji
(hozirda Tehron tibbiyot universiteti)ga o'qishga kiradi. Uni tamomlab, kollejda o'qituvchilik va
Mozandaron kasalxonalarining birida vrachlik faoliyatini olib boradi. Tez orada, Eronda “Doktor
Mirxon” nomi bilan mashhur bo'ladi. Ko'p vaqt o'tmay, uning dovrug'ini eshitgan Afg'oniston
ISSN:
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2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN
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VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 2 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
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amiri Habibullaxon Mirzo Sirojiddinni ishga taklif etadi, u yerda "Doktor Sobir" nomi bilan
faoliyat yuritib shuhrat qozonadi.
Mirzo Siroj 1909-yil dekabr oyida vataniga qaytgach, Buxoroda yevropacha kasalxona
ochadi va odamlarni yangicha davolashga kirishadi. Turli mamlakatlarga sayohat qilish,
rivojlangan davlatlarning taraqqiyotini ko‘rish, matbuoti bilan tanishish, boshqa xalqlar
maorifchilarining asarlarini o‘qigan Mirzo Sirojiddining qalbida o`z yurtini tanazzuldan qutqarish
va xalqni ma`rifatli qilish orzusini uyg`otadi. Shuning uchun u “Yosh Buxoroliklar” harakatining
faol ishtirokchisi bo`ladi.
Mirzo Sirojiddin uzoq yillik safarlari davomida ko'rganlari va xotiralarini “Tuhafi ahli
Buxoro” (“Buxoro ahlining tuhfalari”) nomli asarida sodda va ravon tilda hikoya qilib qoldirgan.
1910-yilda muallif asarni qo'lyozma nusxasini yozib tugatgan va 1912 yilda esa Kogon
bosmaxonasida toshbosma nusxasi nashr etilgan. Asarning qo'lyozma nusxasi fors tilida yevropa
qog'ozida yozilgan. Jami bo'lib, 193 sahifani o'z ichiga oladi, uning o'lchami 13x20, yaxshi
holatda, kirish va xotimasi bilan to'liq saqlangan.
Mirzo Siroj nafaqat ajoyib shoir va yozuvchi, balki mohir publitsist va jurnalist ham edi.[1]
U birinchi tojik tilidagi gazeta «Buxoro sharif»ning asoschilaridan biri bo‘lib, uning
sahifalarida ijtimoiy xarakterdagi she’r va maqolalari bilan chiqqan. Bu gazeta 1912-yilda
Buxorolik yana bir ma`rifatparvar Mirzo Muhyiddin bilan birgalikda Kogon(Yangi Buxoro)da
chop etilgan. Mirjalol Yusufzoda muharrirligi ostida 1912-yilning 14-iyuliga qadar haftada bir
marta, keyinchalik esa haftada to'rt marta nashr etiladi. 1912-yilning iyulidan “Buxoroi Sharif”ga
ilova tarzida eski o'zbek (turkiy) tilida “Turon” gazetasi nashr qilina boshlandi. “Turon” dastlab
ilova tarzida haftada ikki marta chop etilgan, o'sha yilning sentyabridan esa mustaqil nashr sifatida
faoliyat yurita boshlagan. Har ikki gazeta 2600 (“Buxoroi Sharif” — 800, “Turon” — 1800)
nusxada nashr etilgan. “Buxoroi sharif” gazetasi oradan bir yil o'tib, 153-sonidan so'ng yopib
qo'yiladi. Mirzo Sirojiddin “Buxoroi Sharif”ning ilk sonlaridan boshlab “Hakim Buxoriy”
taxallusi bilan maqolalar e'lon qilib boradi. Masalan, “Ro'znomaning ba'zi foydalari” maqolasida
gazetalar xalq dunyoqarashini o'zgartirishi, kitob mutolaasi, qanday yashashni o'rganish, dunyo
yangiliklari va xalqlari ahvolidan xabardor bo'lish uchun eng muhim vosita ekanini ochib ¬ beradi.
Mirzo Sirojiddinning masnaviy usulida yozgan “Yod bod” (“Yodda bo'lsin”) nomli she'ri
1913-yilda “Oyna” jurnalining 2-sonida chop etiladi. She’r va maqolalari Eronning “Navbahor”
va “Tus”, Turkistonning “Samarqand” gazetasi va “Oyna” jurnalida ham chop etilgan
Muallif o'z chiqishlarida tarixiy tafakkurni shakllantirish masalasiga alohida e'tibor
qaratadi. Allomalar yurti bo'lgan Markaziy Osiyoda ilm nufuzi pasayib ketgani, aholini savodli
qilishdagi kamchiliklar va ta'lim tizimidagi muammolarni jiddiy tanqid qiladi. Buyuk
ajdodlarimizga munosib avlod bo'lish uchun tarixdan to'g'ri saboq chiqarishimiz, ilm-fanni
rivojlantirish, kitob o'qish lozimligini bayon etgan. Shuningdek, “Hifz-us-sihhat” sarlavhasi ostida
tibbiyot va salomatlikka oid 30 dan ortiq qimmatli maqolalar e’lon qilgan.
Mirzo Siroj “Buxoroi Sharif” nashri orqali bir qancha jadid arboblari, jumladan
Mahmudxo‘ja Behbudiy, Abdurrauf Fitrat, Abdulqodir Muhyiddinov bilan yaqindan tanishdi.
Mirzo Siroj 1913-yilda to‘rtinchi marta sayohat qiladi, lekin yo‘lda uning kasalligi
kuchayib, 1913-yil 21-dekabrda Eronning Rasht shahridan Buxoroga qaytib keladi va bir yosh
o'g'il bir qizcha otasi unda 1914-yil yanvar oyi o‘rtalarida sil kasalligi tufayli vafot etadi. “Oyina”
ISSN:
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2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN
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VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 2 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
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jurnali bosh muharriri Mahmudxoʻja Behbudiy Mirzo Siroj vafotidan soʻng oʻzining majallasida
“Ziyo'i alim” ("Achchiq yo'qotish") degan maqolani chop etib ta'ziya bildiradi. Shuningdek, Mirzo
Siroj vafoti munosabati bilan “Oyna” jurnalining 14-sonida Sadriddin Ayniyning qayg`uli
marsiyasi chop etiladi.
Xulosa qilib aytganda, XX asr boshlarida Buxoro amirligida yashab ijod qilgan Mirzo
Sirojiddinning ma'rifatparvarlik qarashlari va uning “Tuhafi ahli Buxoro” asari komil
inson tarbiyasida muhim o'rin egallaydi.
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ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN
SCIENCE
АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 2 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
906
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Political
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3(10),
25–30.
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1(10),
480–485.
Retrieved
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International
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,
3
(11), 30-35.
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(9), 554-559.
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Modern Science and Research
,
2
(10), 488-
493.
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Modern Science and Research
,
2
(10), 755-757.
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new century innovations
,
35
(1), 79-80.
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Sadullayev, U. (2023). THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN NEIGHBORHOOD
MANAGEMENT IN UZBEKISTAN.
Modern Science and Research
,
2
(9), 132-135.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN
SCIENCE
АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 2 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
907
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