ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
426
TALAB VA TAKLIF NAZARIYASI VA UNI BOZOR MUVONATIGA TA'SIRI
Jumayeva Zamira
Osiyo xalqaro universiteti o'qituvchisi.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10976571
Annotatsiya.
Makro va mikroiqtisodiyotda talab, taklif hamda bozor muvozanati
tushunchalari asosiy kriteriyalar hisoblanadi. Mazkur maqolada aytib o`tilgan yo`nalishlarning
mohiyati, bir-biriga bog`liqligi muhokama etiladi.
Kalit so‘zlar:
Talab, taklif, bozor muvozanati, savdo, daromad, metod.
THEORY OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND AND ITS MARKET RELATIONSHIP
EFFECT
Abstract.
In macro and microeconomics, the concepts of demand, supply and market
balance are the main criteria. This article discusses the essence and interdependence of the
directions mentioned.
Key words:
Demand, supply, market equilibrium, trade, income, method.
ТЕОРИЯ СПРОСА И ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ И ЕГО РЫНОЧНЫЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ
ЭФФЕКТ
Аннотация.
В макро- и микроэкономике основными критериями являются понятия
спроса, предложения и рыночного баланса. В данной статье рассматривается сущность
и взаимозависимость упомянутых направлений.
Ключевые слова:
Спрос, предложение, рыночное равновесие, торговля, доход,
метод.
KIRISH
Mamlakatimizda mustaqillik yillarida olib borilgan to‘g‘ri va izchil iqtisodiy siyosat orqali
ahamiyatli ijobiy natijalar qo‘lga kiritildi. Jumladan, O‘zbekistonda talab va taklifning o‘zaro
mutanosibligi negizida milliy xo‘jaligimiz iqtisodiy jihatdan mustahkamlanib, ma’muriy-
buyruqbozlik tizimdan meros bo‘lib qolgan bir tomonlamalik va inqiroz holatidan chiqarildi;
iqtisodiyotning barqaror o‘sishi ta’minlandi, makroiqtisodiy va moliyaviy barqarorlik
mustahkamlandi, iqtisodiyot va uning ayrim sohalaridagi mutanosiblik kuchaydi; bozor
mexanizmining tarkibiy qismlari qaror topdi va uning infratuzilmalari vujudga keltirilib,
rivojlantirildi.
TADQIQOT METODOLOGIYASI VA EMPIRIK TAHLIL
Ehtiyoj kishilarning hayotiy vositalariga bo‘lgan zaruriyatini ifodalovchi ilmiy kategoriya
sifatida taraqqiyotning hamma bosqichlari uchun umumiy va doimiydir.
Uning bozor iqtisodiyoti sharoitidagi tarixiy ko‘rinishi talab tushunchasidir.
Talab ehtiyojdan farq qilib, mustaqil iqtisodiy kategoriya (ilmiy tushuncha) sifatida amal
qiladi.
Ehtiyojning faqat pul bilan ta’minlangan qismi talabga aylanadi. Demak, talab – bu pul
bilan ta’minlangan ehtiyojdir. Ehtiyoj zarur miqdordagi pul bilan ta’minlanmasa, u «xohish»,
«istak» bo‘lib qolaveradi. Talabning bir qator muqobil variantlari mavjud bo‘ladi, chunki narx
o‘zgarishi bilan tovarning sotib olinadigan miqdori ham o‘zgaradi. Shu bog‘liqlikdan kelib chiqib,
talabga quyidagicha ta’rif berish mumkin: ma’lum vaqt oralig‘ida, narxlarning mavjud darajasida
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
427
iste’molchilarning tovar va xizmatlar ma’lum turlarini sotib olishga qodir bo‘lgan ehtiyoji talab
deyiladi.
Talablar turlicha bo‘lib, odatda bir xil tovar yoki xizmatlarga bo‘lgan talabning ikki turi
farq qilinadi: yakka talab va bozor talabi. Har bir iste’molchining, ya’ni alohida shaxs, oila,
korxona, firmaning tovarning shu turiga bo‘lgan talabi yakka talab deyiladi. Bir qancha
(ko‘pchilik) iste’molchilarning shu turdagi tovar yoki xizmatga bo‘lgan talablari yig‘indisi bozor
talabi deyiladi.
Narx va sotib olinadigan tovarlar miqdori o‘rtasidagi bo‘ladigan bog‘liqlikni quyidagi 1-
jadval ma’lumotlari asosida qarab chiqamiz.
Narx va sotib olinadigan tovar miqdori o‘rtasidagi bog‘liqlik.
1 - jadval
Bir kg un narxi (so‘m)
1 oy davomida unga bo‘lgan
yakka talab miqdori (kg)
1 oy davomida unga bo‘lgan
bozor talabi miqdori (tn)
350
300
250
200
150
10
20
30
50
60
1,0
2,0
3,0
5,0
6,0
Jadval ma’lumotlari tovar narxining pasayishi sotib olinadigan tovar miqdorining o‘sishiga
va aksincha, narxning o‘sishi talab miqdorining kamayishiga olib kelishini ko‘rsatadi. Mahsulot
narxi va sotib olinadigan tovar miqdori o‘zgarishi o‘rtasida bo‘ladigan teskari yoki qarama-
qarshi bog‘liqlik talab qonuni deyiladi.
Tovar narxi va uning xarid qilinadigan miqdori (talabning) o‘rtasidagi teskari bog‘liqlikni
oddiy ikki o‘lchamli grafikda ham tasvirlash mumkin: yotiq chiziq talab miqdorini, tik chiziq
narxni ko‘rsatadi (1-chizma).
1-chizma. Talab egri chizig‘i
Ma’lum vaqt oralig‘idagi narxlarning muayyan darajasida ishlab chiqaruvchi yoki
sotuvchilar tomonidan ma’lum turdagi tovar va xizmatlarning bozorga chiqarilgan miqdori taklif
deyiladi. Narx o‘zgarishi bilan sotishga chiqariladigan mahsulot miqdori ham o‘zgarishi sababli
talab kabi taklifning ham bir qator muqobil variantlari mavjud bo‘ladi.
Taklif narxlarning turli darajasida qancha miqdordagi mahsulotning sotishga chiqarilishini
ko‘rsatadi.
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2024
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VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
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Narxning oshishi bilan shunga mos ravishda sotishga chiqariladigan tovarlar taklifi miqdori
ham ortadi, narxning tushishi bilan taklif hajmi qisqaradi. Narxning o‘zgarishi bilan taklif
etilayotgan tovar miqdorining to‘g‘ri bog‘liqlikdagi o‘zgarishi taklif qonuni deyiladi.
Narx va taklif miqdori o‘rtasidagi bog‘liqlik.
2-jadval
1 kg un narxi (so‘m)
1 oy davomida unning yakka
taklifi miqdori (kg)
1 oy davomida unning
bozor taklifi miqdori (tn)
350
300
250
200
150
60
50
30
20
10
6,0
5,0
3,0
2,0
1,0
Iste’molchi uchun narxning oshishi to‘siq rolini o‘ynasa, ishlab chiqaruvchi uchun
rag‘batlantirish vazifasini bajaradi.
Biz yuqorida turli omillar ta’sirida talab va taklif miqdorining o‘zgarib turishini ko‘rdik.
Lekin talab bilan taklif miqdorlari bir-birlari bilan doimo ma’lum nisbatda bo‘ladi, bu
nisbatlar o‘zgarib turadi. Ba’zan talab miqdori taklif miqdoridan oshib ketib, narx ko‘tirilsa, ayrim
paytda taklif miqdori talab miqdoridan oshib ketib, narx pasayib qoladi. Talab miqdori bilan taklif
miqdori o‘rtasidagi nisbat bir-biriga teng bo‘lgan holat bozor muvozanati deyiladi.
XULOSA VA MUNOZARA
Bozor muvozanati vujudga kelgan holda shakllangan narx bozor narxi deyiladi. Ba’zan uni
muvozanatlashgan narx ham deb yuritiladi. Bozor muvozanati va muvozanatli narx har doim
mavjud bo‘lib turmaydi, ularga ta’sir qiluvchi ko‘plab omillar muvozanatlikning buzilishiga sabab
bo‘ladi.
Ammo iqtisodiyotda ushbu muvozanatga doimo intilish mavjud bo‘ladi.
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