ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
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MAMLAKATIMIZDA KICHIK BIZNES VA XUSUSIY TADBIRKORLIKNI
RIVOJLANTIRISH YO`LLARI VA USULLARI
Jumayeva Zamira
Osiyo xalqaro universiteti o'qituvchisi.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10976595
Annotatsiya.
Maqolada kichik biznes va xususiy tadbirkorlik sub’ektlarining rivojlanishi
qayd etilgan. Ishbilarmonlik muhitini yaxshilashga doir mulohazalar keltirilgan. Kichik biznes va
xususiy tadbirkorlikni rivojlantirish va ularni erkin faoliyatlari uchun ishbilarmonlik muhitini
yanada qulaylashtirish borasidagi chora- tadbirlar to‘g‘risida muallif yondashuvlari bayon
etilgan. Ushbu sektorda shakllangan muammolar tahlil etiladi. Shuningdek, ularni hal etish uchun
ayrim takliflar ishlab chiqilgan.
Kalit so‘zlar:
ishbilarmonlik muhiti, kichik biznes, xususiy tadbirkorlik, kichik biznes
sub’ektlari, manfaatlar.
WAYS AND METHODS OF DEVELOPING SMALL BUSINESS AND PRIVATE
ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN OUR COUNTRY
Abstract.
The article mentions the development of small business and private business
entities. Considerations for improving the business environment are given. The author's
approaches to the development of small business and private entrepreneurship and measures to
facilitate the business environment for their free activities are described. Problems formed in this
sector are analyzed. Some proposals have also been developed to solve them.
Key words:
business environment, small business, private entrepreneurship, small business
entities, interests.
ПУТИ И МЕТОДЫ РАЗВИТИЯ МАЛОГО БИЗНЕСА И ЧАСТНОГО
ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА В НАШЕЙ СТРАНЕ
Аннотация.
В статье отмечено развитие субъектов малого бизнеса и частного
предпринимательства. Приводятся соображения по улучшению бизнес-среды. Описаны
авторские подходы к развитию малого бизнеса и частного предпринимательства и меры
по облегчению бизнес-среды для их свободной деятельности. Анализируются проблемы,
сформировавшиеся в этом секторе. Для их решения также разработаны некоторые
предложения.
Ключевые слова:
бизнес-среда, малый бизнес, частное предпринимательство,
субъекты малого предпринимательства, интересы.
KIRISH
O‘zbekistonda kichik biznes va xususiy tadbirkorlikning rivojlanishi va mazkur sektorni
davlat tomonidan tartibga solinishi yanada faollashib bormoqda.
Mamlakatdagi ishbilarmonlik muhitining tobora kengayishi kichik biznes sub’ektlarining
rag‘bat asosidagi faoliyatini ta’minlashga olib kelmoqdaki, deyarli barcha tarmoqlardagi kichik
biznes sub’ektlari yildan- yilga miqdor jihatidan ortib bormoqda.
ADABIYOTLAR SHARHI
Prezidentimiz Sh.Mirziyoev tomonidan 2019 yilni “Faol investitsiyalar va ijtimoiy
rivojlanish yili” deb e’lon qilinishi, kichik biznes va xususiy tadbirkorlikni rivojlantirish yo‘lida
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VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
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tadbirkorlik manfaatlariga alohida e’tibor qaratish zarurligini taqazo etadi. Chunki
«...ishbilarmonlik muhitini yaxshilash hamda kichik biznes va xususiy tadbirkorlik rivoji uchun
yanada qulay sharoitlar yaratishga qaratilgan chora-tadbirlarni har tomonlama qo‘llab-quvvatlash
zarurligini barchamiz albatta yaxshi tushunamiz» [7].
Hozirga qadar kichik biznes va xususiy tadbirkorlikni rivojlantirish hamda ishbilarmonlik
muhitini qulaylashtirish masalalari xorijiy davlatlar iqtisodchilari tomonidan turlicha yondashuvlar
asosida o‘rganib kelingan. Masalan, E.Staley, R.Morse [8], A.Bruno, T.Tyebjee [17], W.Garther
[20], K.Manning S.Birley, D.Norburn kabilar ishbilarmonlik muhitini mamlakat yoki hudud
miqyosida tadbirkorlikni rivojlanishiga olib keluvchi shart-sharoitlar sifatida tadqiq qilgan
bo‘lsalar, L.Dana, P.Davidsson, D.Swanson, L.Webster [7] kabilar esa o‘z e’tiborlarini
tadbirkorlik muhitiga ta’sir etuvchi tashqi omillarni o‘rganishga qaratganlar.
Iqtisodchi B.Salimov esa “ishbilarmonlik muhiti” iborasini ishlatmagan bo‘lsa-da, “har
qanday biznes ma’lum muhitda faoliyat ko‘rsatadi” [4] deb aytadi. Uning fikricha, o‘sha “ma’lum
muhit” “yo‘l” qo‘ysa, korxona o‘z harakati tufayli oldiga qo‘yilgan maqsadga erishishi mumkin.
TADQIQOT METODOLOGIYASI VA EMPIRIK TAHLIL
O‘zbekistonda, bugungi kunda kichik biznes va xususiy tadbirkorlik sub’ektlariga bir qator
qulayliklar yaratilmoqda. Xususan, 2018 yilning yakuniga kelib mamlakatda kichik biznes va
tadbirkorlik faoliyatini boshlovchilar uchun “yagona darcha” tamoyili asosida davlat xizmatlarini
ko‘rsatish tobora kengaytirildi.
Bu esa “yagona darcha” markazlarini samarali boshqarish, ularning faoliyatini va boshqa
davlat organlari bilan o‘zaro hamkorligini tashkil etishga nisbatan tizimli yondashuvni belgilash
imkoniyatini berdi.
Mamlakatimiz viloyatlaridagi mavjud ishbilarmonlik muhitining qulayligini bir xil deb
hisoblay olmaymiz. Sababi, bir hududda mavjud shart- sharoitlar boshqa hududda nisbatan torroq
shakllanganligi sezilib turibdi. Buning uchun o‘sha hududda ishbilarmonlik muhitining
qulaylashuviga haraqit berayotgan salbiy omillarni bartaraf etishga to‘g‘ri keladi.
Tadbirkor yoki hunarmandlarning xatti-harakatlarida iqtisodiy jarayonlar cheksiz amalga
oshiriladiki, buning uchun qulay ishbilarmonlik muhiti juda muhimdir.
Fikrimizcha, ishbilarmonlik muhiti – tadbirkorlik sub’ektlarini erkin va ravon faoliyatlarini
ta’minlash va ularga shart-sharoitlar yaratish borasida ko‘riladigan chora-tadbirlar yig‘indisini
anglatadi. Bunday muhitda har bir korxona o‘zining foydasini maksimal darajada ko‘paytirishga
harakat qiladi.
Biroq shunga qaramay joylarda u yoki bu tarzda shakllangan muammolarga duch kelish
mumkin. Bu muammolar quyidagilarni o‘z ichiga qamrab olgan:
kichik biznes va xususiy tadbirkorlik sub’ektlarida huquqiy madaniyatning yaxshi
shakllanmayotganligi, joylarda ularning huquqlarini himoya qilish mexanizmining sust
ishlayotganligi;
mamlakatning eksport munosabatlarida kichik biznes sub’ektlarining sust ishtiroki,
xususan, fermer va dehqon xo‘jaliklarida yetishtirilayotgan mahsulotlarni eksportbop sifatini
ta’minlashda o‘ziga xos muammolarning mavjudligi;
sanoat tarmog‘idagi kichik biznes sub’ektlari faoliyatiga doir muammolar, masalan, ishlab
chiqarish sohasidagi kichik biznes korxonalarida gaz yoki elektr tarmog‘iga ulanishdagi
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muammolarni mahalliy (viloyatlar) sharoitda hal etilmayotganligi va bunday muammolarni hal
etishda tadbirkorlardan yuqori boshqaruv organlarining ruxsatnomalari talab etilayotganligi;
tuman va viloyatlarda ijtimoiy infratuzilma ta’minotidagi nosozliklar, ya’ni elektr
energiya, gaz ta’minotida uzilishlarning ro‘y berishi, bu kabi muammolar kichik biznes sub’ektlari
faoliyatidagi uzluksizlikni ta’minlay olmaydi;
kichik biznes va tadbirkorlik sub’ektlarining moliyaviy, moddiy-texnika resurslari bilan
ta’minlashda cheklovlarning mavjudligi;
kichik biznes va tadbirkorlik sub’ektlari uchun sifatli xizmat ko‘rsatishda bozor
infratuzilmalari faoliyatida raqobatning sustligi va hokazo.
XULOSA VA MUNOZARA
Fikrimizcha, yuqoridagi mulohazalar o‘z navbatida o‘rinli bo‘lib, kichik biznes sub’ektlari
yo‘lida to‘siq bo‘layotgan muammolarni hal etish bugungi kunda dolzarb hisoblanadi. Amalga
oshirilayotgan islohotlar davomida kichik biznes sub’ektlarini rivojlantirish jabhalaridagi
muammolarni hal etish va tegishli chora-tadbirlarini ko‘rib borish har birimizning vazifamizga
aylanishi kerak.
Shu nuqtai nazardan olganda, kichik biznes va xususiy tadbirkorlikni rivojlantirish va ularni
erkin faoliyatlari uchun ishbilarmonlik muhitini yanada qulaylashtirish borasida quyidagi
choralarni qo‘rish maqsadga muvofiqdir, xususan:
− har bir hududiy miqyosdan kelib chiqqan holda mahalliy boshqaruv idoralari tomonidan
kichik biznes va xususiy tadbirkorlikni rivojlantirish va ishbilarmonlik muhitini yaxshilashga
yo‘naltirilgan chora-tadbirlarni qo‘llash;
− kichik biznes va tadbirkorlik sub’ektlari faoliyatida mahsulot eksportini kuchaytirish va bu
yo‘nalishdagi muammolarni hal etish;
− kichik biznes va tadbirkorlik korxonalari uchun investitsiyalar joriy etishni yanada
kengaytirish va bunga ko‘maklashish va hokazolar.
Yuqoridagilardan iborat chora-tadbirlar mamlakatimizda ishbilarmonlik muhitini yanada
yaxshilashga o‘zining ijobiy ta’sirini ko‘rsatadi deb hisoblaymiz.
Kichik biznes va tadbirkorlikni faollashtirishga, innovatsion g‘oyalarni keng joriy etishga
va texnologiyalarni qo‘llab-quvvatlashga jiddiy e’tiborni qaratish bu kabi muammolarni bartaraf
etishga olib keladi.
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