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IBN SINONING FALSAFIY QARASHLARI
Sadullayev Umidjon Shokir o’g’li
Muyiddinov Begali Bahodir o’g’li
Boltayev Oxun Obid o’g’li
Osiyo Xalqaro Universiteti “Tarix va filologiya” kafedrasi
Tarix fani o’qituvchilari.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14605977
Annotatsiya.
Ibn Sino (lotinlashtirilgan nomi Avitsenna) o'rta asrlarning eng buyuk
faylasuflaridan biri hisoblanadi. Uning falsafiy merosi juda boy va turli sohalarni qamrab oladi.
Ibn Sino o'zining falsafiy qarashlarida Aristotel, Platon va neoplatonizm g'oyalarini
uyg'unlashtirgan holda o'ziga xos maktab yaratdi.
Kalit so’zlar:
falsafa, ilmiy meros, borliq, mohiyat, borliq.
PHILOSOPHICAL VIEWS OF IBN SINO
Abstract.
Ibn Sina (Latinized name Avicenna) is considered one of the greatest
philosophers of the Middle Ages. His philosophical heritage is very rich and covers various areas.
Ibn Sina created his own school, combining the ideas of Aristotle, Plato and Neoplatonism in his
philosophical views.
Keywords:
philosophy, scientific heritage, being, essence, being.
ФИЛОСОФСКИЕ ВОЗЗРЕНИЯ ИБН СИНА
Аннотация.
Ибн Сина (латинизированное имя Авиценна) – один из величайших
философов Средневековья. Его философское наследие богато и многодисциплинарно. Ибн
Сина создал уникальную школу, соединив в своих философских воззрениях идеи Аристотеля,
Платона и неоплатонизма.
Ключевые слова:
философия, научное наследие, существование, сущность,
существование.
Abu Ali ibn Sino (toʻliq ismi: Abu Ali al-Husayn ibn Abdulloh ibn Sino al-Balxiy - oʻrta
osiyolik qomusiy olimi, tabib va faylasuf deb yuritilgan. 980-yilning 18-iyunida Buxoro
yaqinidagi Afshona qishlogʻida tugʻilgan va 1037-yilning 16-avgustida Hamadonda vafot etgan.
Avitsenna nomi bilan mashhur. Ibn Sinoning otasi Abdulloh shayx unvoni ni tinib
olgamnshahridan boʻlib, Somoniylar amiri Nuh ibn Mansur (967–997) davrida Buxoro tomoniga
koʻchib, Hurmaysan qishlogʻiga moliya amaldori etib tayinlanadi. U Afshona qishlogʻida Sitora
ISSN:
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2025
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 1 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
53
ismli qizga uylanib ikki oʻgʻil farzand koʻradi. Oʻgʻillarining kattasi Husayn (Ibn Sino), kenjasi
Mahmud edi. Husayn 5 yoshga kirgach, Ibn Sinolar oilasi poytaxt — Buxoroga koʻchib keladi va
uni oʻqishga beradilar. 10 yoshga yetmasdan Ibn Sino Qurʼon va adab darslarini toʻla oʻzlashtiradi.
Ayni vaqtda u hisob va aljabr (algebra) bilan ham shugʻullanadi, arab tili va adabiyotini
mukammal egallaydi. Ibn Sinoning ilm sohasidagi dastlabki ustozi Abu Abdulloh Notiliy edi. U
el orasida hakim va faylasuf sifatida mashhur boʻlgani uchun otasi Ibn Sinoni unga shogirdlikka
berdi. Notiliyning qoʻlida olim mantiq, handasa va falakiyot (astronomiya)ni oʻrgandi va baʼzi
falsafiy masalalarda ўяўвиулnoning aql-zakovatini koʻrgan ustozi otasiga uni ilmdan boshqa narsa
bilan shugʻullantirmaslikni tayinlaydi. Shundan soʻng ota oʻgʻliga ilm oʻrganish va bilimlarini
chuqurlashtirish uchun barcha sharoitlarni yaratib berdi. Abu Ali tinmay mutolaa qilib, turli ilm
sohalarini oʻzlashtirishga kirishdi. U musiqa, optika, kimyo, fiqh kabi fanlarni oʻqidi, xususan,
tabobatni sevib oʻrgandi va bu ilmda tez kamol topa boshladi.
Ibn Sinoning falsafiy merosining asosiy jihatlari:
Metafizika:
Borliq va mohiyat: Ibn Sino borliq (vujud) va mohiyat (mahiyat) o'rtasidagi farqni alohida
ajratib ko'rsatadi. Uning fikricha, borliq - bu mavjudlikning o'zi, mohiyat esa - narsaning o'ziga
xos xususiyatlari majmuasidir. Xudo borliqning zaruriy sababidir (Vojib al-Vujud), boshqa barcha
narsalar esa uning borlig'i bilan mavjud bo'ladi.
Birinchi sabab: Ibn Sino Aristotelning "harakatlantirmasdan harakatlantiruvchi" g'oyasini
rivojlantirib, Xudoni borliqning birinchi sababi, hamma narsaning manbai deb biladi.
Aql turlari: Ibn Sino aqlning turli darajalarini ta'riflaydi: potentsial aql, aktual aql va
orttirilgan aql. U inson aqlini Xudo aqliga yaqinlashtirishga harakat qiladi.
Bilim falsafasi (epistemologiya):
Aql va sezgi: Ibn Sino bilim olishda aql va sezgi idrokining o'rnini muhim deb biladi.
Uning fikricha, sezgi orqali olingan ma'lumotlar aql orqali qayta ishlanib, chin haqiqatga
olib boradi.
Universal tushunchalar: Ibn Sino universal tushunchalar inson aqlida tug'ma ravishda
mavjud emas, balki tajriba orqali shakllanadi degan fikrda edi.
Psixologiya:
Jon va aql: Ibn Sino jonni (nafs) tanadan alohida, abadiy substansiya deb hisoblagan. U
insonning ruhiy jarayonlarini, his-tuyg'ularini va aql faoliyatini o'rganishga katta e'tibor bergan.
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Ichki va tashqi sezgilar: Ibn Sino sezgilarni ichki va tashqi sezgilarga ajratadi. U ichki
sezgilarga tasavvur, xotira, fantaziya va aql-idrokni kiritadi.
Axloq:
Fazilatlar va yomonlik: Ibn Sino axloqiy masalalarda ham o'zining falsafiy qarashlarini
bildiradi. U fazilatlarni (adolat, himmat, hikmat kabi) inson hayotining asosiy maqsadi deb
hisoblaydi va yomonlikka qarshi kurashish zarurligini ta'kidlaydi.
Baxt va kamolot: Ibn Sinoning fikricha, inson baxtga aql va fazilatlar yordamida erishadi.
U inson kamolotga intilishi, o'z bilim va qobiliyatlarini rivojlantirishi kerak deb hisoblaydi.
Ibn Sinoning falsafiy merosining ahamiyati:
Ilm-fanning rivojlanishi: Ibn Sino falsafasi o'rta asrlarda ilm-fanning, xususan, tibbiyot,
matematika, astronomiya va kimyoning rivojlanishiga katta ta'sir ko'rsatdi. Uning "Tib qonunlari"
asari asrlar davomida tibbiyot sohasida asosiy qo'llanma bo'lib xizmat qildi.
Yevropa falsafasiga ta'siri: Ibn Sinoning asarlari lotin tiliga tarjima qilinganidan so'ng,
Yevropa falsafasiga, xususan, sxolastika falsafasiga katta ta'sir ko'rsatdi. Uning g'oyalari Tomas
Akvinskiy kabi buyuk faylasuflarning qarashlariga asos bo'ldi.
Islom falsafasida o'rni: Ibn Sino islom falsafasida buyuk o'rin tutadi. Uning asarlari islom
dunyosida falsafa, ilohiyot va axloq sohalarida muhim manba hisoblanadi.
Xulosa qilib aytganda, Ibn Sinoning falsafiy merosi jahon falsafasining eng yorqin
sahifalaridan birini tashkil etadi. Uning asarlari o'rta asrlarda ilm-fan va falsafaning rivojlanishiga
katta hissa qo'shdi va hozirgi kunda ham o'z ahamiyatini yo'qotgani yo'q.
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