01004
Comparison of pneumatic sowing machines by
the number of seeds in the slots of the discs and
the distance between the slots
Mukhayyokhon
Saidova
1*
,
Sarvar
Tursunbaev
1
,
Mohichekhra
Boltaeva
2
and
Nilufar
Isakulova
3
1
Tashkent State Technical University, Tashkent, 100095, Uzbekistan
2
Jizzakh branch of the National University of Uzbekistan, Jizzakh, Uzbekistan
3
Uzbekistan State University of World Languages, Tashkent, 100138, Uzbekistan
Abstract.
This article compares the pneumatic seeders currently in use. The
comparison results provide the following indicators specifying the number
of seedlings in the clusters, the distance between the clusters, the width of
the clusters and the length of the clusters. Based on the results obtained from
3 sowing machines selected for clustering sowing of seeds, it was
determined that it is advisable to improve the sowing disc in order to
improve it so that the indicators of the sowing machine in 3 variants exceed
the indicators of other devices.
1 Introduction
The world is leading in the development of energy-resource technologies and modern
technical means for growing cotton. One of the important tasks is scientific improvement and
the development of new ones that are energy-saving, the quality of work and efficiency are
high. In this regard, some progress has been made in developed foreign countries, including
the United States, Turkey, India, China and other countries, with great attention being paid
to the development and application of pneumatic sieves that accurately sow seeds. Purposeful
scientific research is underway in the world aimed at creating new samples of resource-saving
technologies for precise sowing of seeds and technical means for their implementation,
developing scientific and technical foundations for improving existing machines in order to
ensure resource saving during operation [1-2]. In this direction, there are pneumatic devices
for precise sowing of seeds in a cellular manner for various soil and climatic conditions and
the development of a seed drill design with 3 seeds per cluster, conducting targeted scientific
research to substantiate its parameters, ensuring functioning at the level of agrotechnical
requirements [3-6].
2 Materials and experiments
The experiments compared the seeders of pneumatic seeders currently in use:
* Corresponding author:
anvarovichsarvar908@gmail.com
© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution License 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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, 01004 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202410501004
AEGISD-IV 2024
Option 1-Case-1200 pneumatic seeder;
Option 2-pneumatic seeder module CMХ-4-04;
Option 3 is a PS-4 pneumatic seeder.
The planting apparatus of the case-1200 seeder in option 1 works as follows.
The div of the device consists of two parts, one of which is the feed chamber (Figure
1), and the other is the thinning chamber. The landing disc, located between these chambers
and separating them from each other, is mounted at the end of a horizontal shaft using three
levers. The shaft rotates on a sliding bearing in the feed chamber housing. The plastic landing
disc (thickness 1 mm, outer diameter 300 mm, Number of holes 20, holes arranged in groups)
is clamped in the thinning chamber using a special gasket. The supply chamber is connected
to the atmosphere. Its inner lower and side parts are curved and have straight bristles.
Fig. 1.
Case-an overview of a laboratory stand equipped with a pneumatic seed drill 1200.
These brushes are used to clean the grooves (holes) of the disc from clogged seeds. The
thinning chamber is made of plastic and consists of a dead-end groove made in a circle. The
thinning chamber is connected to the fan (extractor) by means of a nozzle and a hose.
The extractor sucked air from the supply chamber through the holes of the landing disc
(consisting of 3 holes), the thinning chamber, the nozzle and the hose.
The seeds in the supply chamber, under the influence of the airflow, stick to the holes of
the planting disc and block the path of air intake from the atmosphere. The seeds stuck to the
holes, together with the disc, exit the rotation chamber into the guide area and cluster in the
glued conveyor belt of the stand. The rectifier rotates clockwise with the disc using a
hardware shaft. It fixes the seeds in the supply chamber [7].
For normal operation of the device (for sowing exactly one seed in each hole), it is
necessary to adjust the position of the coils of the singululator in accordance with the scale.
With the help of the separation barrier lever, you can adjust by determining the rationing of
the device. Due to the fact that the holes in the disc are arranged in groups of 3 pieces, the
seeds are planted in clusters [8].
The planting apparatus of the modular seeder CMX-4-04 in option 2 (Figure 2) works as
follows.
2
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Fig. 2.
General view of the CMX-4-04 laboratory stand equipped with a seeding-machine pneumatic
landing device.
The equipment div consists of two parts: feed chambers and dilution chambers. It is
located between the chambers, and the landing disc separating them is mounted on the
rectangular end of the horizontal shaft using a special nut. The shaft rotates on a sliding
bearing in the feed chamber housing. Landing disc (suction holes with a diameter of 3.5 mm,
round diameters of 180 and 200 mm, where the holes are located, the number of holes is 32x2
(32 groups, 2 holes in each group) it is attached to the thinning chamber with a rubber parrot.
The parapet is also mounted at the square end of the shaft. The grinding chamber is connected
to the atmosphere. A cleaner is installed on its inner upper part. The cleaner keeps excess
seeds stuck in the holes of the disc. The grinding chamber consists of a dead-end ditch made
in a circle. The dilution chamber is connected to the fan (extractor) by means of a nozzle and
a hose.
Fig. 3.
Laboratory stand with pneumatic planting machine PS-4 seeder.
The exgauster sucked the air in the supply chamber through the holes of the planting disc
(the groups consist of 2 holes), the thinning chamber, the patrubok and the hose. The seeds
3
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in the supply chamber adhere to the holes of the disk under the influence of air flow and seal
the path of absorption of air from the atmosphere. Seeds that stick to the holes roll along with
the disc out of the supply chamber, then go into the zone where there is no thinness. At the
very bottom of the div, the seed is exposed to the weight of the seed due to the lack of force
that pulls the seed into the disc hole or hits the rubber Parrack, clustering on the glued
transporter tape of the stand. The puller rotates counterclockwise along with the disc using a
hardware Valve and keeps the seeds in the supply chamber spinning. Clustering planting is
carried out due to the fact that the holes in the disc are grouped and located from 2 holes.
The PS-4 seeding-machine in option 3 (Figure 3) works as follows: the shaft in which the
seeds in the sowing chamber rotate clockwise transmits movement to the sowing disc.
When a vacuum is created, air passes through the pipe through the seed chamber, the
clusters of the planting disc and the vacuum chamber into the fan of the seeder.The landing
disc is pressed tightly against the vacuum chamber with a gasket so as not to lose the vacuum
force. The running gear acts on the shafts and sliding bearings. The rotating shaft, in turn,
moves the landing disc mounted on its hexagonal tail. In it, the seeds, in turn, also move due
to the friction force on the surface of the disk, are carried away by the air flow and, regardless
of their weight and shape, are grouped (3 pieces each) into barrier clusters on the disk, closing
the suction path.
As a result, a constant vacuum is maintained in the vacuum chamber. Due to this vacuum,
a group of seeds settles firmly in the clusters. The shape of the clusters is related to the
location of the 3 seeds, that is, to the rational shape of the triangle in a group order. The ends
of the triangle are made by placing round and Y-shaped barriers between them in order to
more tightly absorb a group of seeds, eliminate loss of pressing force and improve the
absorbency of the clusters. The Y-shaped barrier ensures reliable fastening of the seed group
in the clusters, eliminates damage to the seeds and clogging of the vacuum chamber. The
centers of the clusters of the landing disc are arranged in a circle. A rotating disk takes groups
of seeds outside the vacuum.In the lower part of the case, due to the lack of vacuum, groups
of seeds fall out of the clusters of the planting disc into a cesspool, which opens with a coulter
of exactly 3 pieces under the influence of gravity.
3 Results and discussion
The results of the comparison are shown in Table 1.
Table 1.
Comparative test results.
Specification
Initial
requirements
Hardware type
Option 1
Option 2
Option 3
Disc number of rotations, r/min
29
35
29
35
29
35
Number of seeds
in clusters
М
medium,
piece
2±1
2.77 2.26 1.9 1.6 2.9 2.7
±σ, piece
3±1
0.87 0.69 0.38 0.33 0.37 0.54
V
, %
31.41 30.53 20.0 20.6 12.7 20.0
The distance
between the slots
-
М
medium,
cm
25.94 26.06 13.0 13.1 12.0 12.1
±σ, cm
4.37 6.37 1.29 1.37 1.49 1.72
V
, %
16.85 24.44 10.0 10.4 12.4 14.2
4
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Slots
width
М
medium,
cm
1.04 0.93 0.99 0.85 0.80 0.77
±σ, cm
-
0.36 0.29 0.27 0.24 0.22 0.20
V
, %
34.62 31.18 27.27 28.24 27.50 25.97
Slots
stretched
М
medium,
cm
5.79 5.43 2.01 1.92 1.47 1.32
±σ, cm
1.76 1.56 0.56 0.42 0.31 0.27
V
, %
-
30.40 28.73 27.86 24.48 21.09 20.45
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the number of seeds in the hives sown in the
planter of the pneumatic planter of option 1 practically did not differ from the sowing
apparatus of option 3, but its standard deviation and coefficient of variation were higher.
The distance between the hubs and its standard deviation, variation, at 29 rpm the number
of revolutions of the discs was 25.94 cm, ± 4.37 cm and 16.85%, respectively, at 35 rpm this
indicator was 26.06 cm, ± 6.37 cm and 24.44%, with option 2 these indicators are 26.06 cm,
± 6.37 cm and 24.44%, respectively. at 29 rpm, these indicators were 13.0 cm, ± 1.29 cm and
10 percent, at 35 rpm-13.1 cm, ± 1.37 cm and 10.4 percent, and in option 3 these indicators
were 12.0 cm, ± 1.49 cm and 12.4 percent at 29 rpm-the number of revolutions of the discs.
if the percentage was, At 35 rpm, these indicators
4 Conclusion
The Case-1200 seed drill is located in the coulter relatively high above the field surface, so a
seed channel is installed between the seeder and the coulter. Two other indicators, namely
the width and elongation of the grooves, received the best values in the 2nd and 3rd
options.This can also be explained by the fact that the landing device is located abov
e
the
coulter, as noted above.
As can be seen from the results of the experiments, the agrotechnical requirements for
cluster sowing of seeds in all variants were not fully met. Since the pneumatic PS4 seeder
copes relatively well with the performance of the seeder, it is advisable to improve its planting
disc in order to improve performance.
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