Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results ¦ Volume 13 ¦ Special Issue 8 ¦ 2022
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Using the Venn Diagram in Teaching Geography Terms
Nilufar Isakulova
1
1
Professor, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Uzbekistan State World Languages University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
DOI:
10.47750/pnr.2022.13.S08.316
This article describes the method of Venn diagram of geographical terms. The terminology of each field of knowledge is based on the conceptual
connections of professional knowledge. Also, the characteristics, variety of types, meaning, application, trends of toponyms related to the field
of geography were considered. Methods of teaching terms in the educational process are analyzed.
Keywords:
Terms Related to the Field of Geography, Terminology, Field Terminology, Professionally Oriented Texts, Teaching Methodology,
Interactive Methods, "Venn Diagram" Method, Toponym.
I
NTRODUCTION
Linguistics is a science about language, its social nature, function, internal structure, classification, laws of application (activity)
of certain languages, historical development, and is divided into general linguistics, specific linguistics, and applied linguistics.
In addition to these areas, there are many branches and departments of linguistics that study specific levels and units in each
language.
Each department of linguistics has special departments. For example, within lexicology there is a department of onamastics,
which in turn is divided into anthroponymics, toponymics, etc. As the science of toponymy develops, in turn, the structure of
toponymic terms, the correct expression of the root part, as a result, ensures the understanding of the meaning embodied in
toponyms. This situation cannot be realized without linguistic analysis, that is, without the use of linguistic methods. As a result,
the correct and precise, error-free writing of the names used in practice as one of the normative conditions that represent literacy,
culture, and enlightenment is the reason for the development of the science of onamastics (a branch of linguistics that deals with
nomology).
T
HE
M
AIN
R
ESULTS AND
F
INDINGS
In practice, there are several types of educational technologies for collaborative learning, educational tasks and differences in
organizational forms: Student Team Learning (team learning), Student Teams Achievement Divisions (individual-group
approach), Teams Games Tournament (team-game approach), Jigsaw, Learning Together (we read together) [16; p. 19].
In order to obtain high results in the design of collaborative teaching methods, it is necessary to provide certain methods and
principles: organization of artificial language environment, rules of working in small groups and principles of small group
formation [16; pp. 31-32].
In the article, the concepts of term and terminology are arranged in a certain order due to their mutual natural connections,
similarity and origin, that is, systematics in the broadest sense of the word [1, 14].
In the typological approach, a type is a generalization that includes the specific characteristics of a certain group of objects and
events. In all categories of taxonomy, except for the individual category, there is already an element of typology: for example,
a species is a generalization of the characteristics of many individuals, a species is a generalization of the characteristics of
several species, and so on. But generalizations can be made according to another principle that is not important for science. For
example, the concept of life form, that is, the type of organism that adapts to the surrounding conditions. Very regularly, different
species are included in the same life form. Finally, the third approach is zoning, caused by the need to establish patterns of spatial
placement of aggregates of objects and events. This is how the concepts of districts, regions, districts, provinces, kingdoms, etc.
appeared [9].
The main object of geographical research is space - temporary natural and social systems (geosystems) at different hierarchical
levels with very diverse and infinitely many characteristics. The most common way to order them is systematization [10].
Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results ¦ Volume 13 ¦ Special Issue 8 ¦ 2022
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A glossary of geographic terms is a list of definitions of terms and concepts used in geography and related fields that describe
and define spatial dimensions, geographic location, topographic features, and natural resources [3].
The classification of terms related to the field of geography has been studied in studies as follows [2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 11, 12, 13] (Table
1):
Table 1. Terms related to the field of geography
Terms
Meaning of terms
Terms Meaning of terms Examples of terms
Abbreviation
The abbreviated form of terms, with initials or first
syllables removed
The name of a garden, an avenue, a farm, a field, etc
Agroonym
Greek "agros" - field, field, plow
Upper Chirchik - Lower Chirchik, White River - Black River, White River
- Black River, etc.
Antonym names
Terms whose content is opposite to each other
nicknames for people
Anthropotoponymy
Greek "anthropos" - man
Due to the repeated use of the suffix "kent" in terms such as Tashkent,
Pskent, Fazalkent, Shymkent, areal names are formed
Area names
Greek "areal" - area, territory - many occurrences of
words with the same meaning or some additions often
repeated to form a toponym in a certain area or terms
with a unique appearance that are widespread in a
certain area
Zarafshan river — Zarafshan city. Here the toponymic term moved from
the name of the river to the city
Primary and
secondary names
Primary names are original names; - secondary names
- terms formed from name transfer
It is in this way that the term "karst" is derived from the name of the Karst
Plateau in Southern Europe, or the term "geyser" from the name of the hot
spring Geyser in Iceland
Detoponymization -
The transformation of geographical names into terms
and common nouns
The name of a garden, an avenue, a farm, a field, etc
Dromonym
Greek "dramas" - terms meaning running, movement,
road, street, roads
Khan Road, Great Silk Road, Amir Temur Street
Ethnotoponymy
Greek "ethnos" - people, elat
Terms with the names of peoples, peoples, nations, peoples
Hybrid names
Core two and more; terms made up of words specific to
languages
Kafirnkhan river is from the Arabic words "kafir - Gayridin" - non-religious
and Persian - "nihan" - to hide, Safedhojar village - "sofed" - Persian - ok,
"hojar" - stone in Arabic. So, this name is made up of Persian and Arabic
words and means Oktosh
Hydronym
Greek "hydro" - water, "anim" - name, name, refers to
the names given to any div of water, and they can be
divided into several types
Potamonym - rivers, streams, tributaries; pelagonym - the name of the
ocean, sea, bays, limnonym - the names of lakes, wells, ponds
Indicator names
("Indicator" is a Latin indicator, geographical terms
that indicate the formation of toponyms with the
participation of local geographical terms or the
existence of a certain case
Formation based on concepts such as forest, meadow, sand, stone
Zootoponym
Greek "zoo" - animal
Terms denoting the names of animals or the state associated with them
Macrotoponym
Greek "macro" is a noun for large, large geographical
terms
Indian Ocean, Pamir Mountains
Memorial names
Terms named after famous people, great events
Independence Square, Amir Temur Avenue and others
Metaphor or
anatomical terms
Metaphor is a metaphorical concept, as it is similar to
human div parts, terms that refer to it comparatively
The ear of the pond, the mouth of the cave, the lip of the stream, the place
that protrudes into the sea in the form of a peninsula - the nose, etc.
Microtoponym
Greek "micro" - small, "topos" - place - the name of
small geographical objects known only to local
residents
Names of ravines, wells, ditches, neighborhood, guzar and other
geographical points
Onomastics
The branch of linguistics that studies any nouns
Calm down
Greek "oros" - mountain, "anim" - name
Orographic-relief, elements - mountain, hill, hill, low, the name of heights
My eye
Greek word "oikos" is a popular name for residential
areas such as house, residence, space, city, village,
neighborhood
There are mainly three types of it: a) Komonim - (from the Greek "komos"
- village) the famous horse of any village. b) Polisonym (from the Greek
word "polis" - city) is a famous name of any city. v) Urbonim (Latin
"urbonus" - city), the name of a city square, street market, etc. For example,
Registan square, Old Juva market
Speleonym
Greek "speleon" - cave, cave, cave, cavern, term
applied to all types of underground karst formations
Cave of Hazrat Davud, Zindanak karst well, etc.
Toponym
Greek "topos" - place
Any geographical point, name of a place
Topokalka
French "calcua" - calca - transparent paper is the exact
translation without giving halal to the meaning of the
name
Belogorsk-Oktov, Sikhob-Korasuv, etc.
Topoformant
Latin "formax" - a suffix that forms a formative word,
but is not used independently in the language
-zor, -loq, -gox in toponyms Sangzor, Toshloq, Sayrgokh; coming in the
form of a suffix
Phytotoponym
Greek "phytos" - terms meaning plant, plant type,
condition
Almazor, Ucharcha, Pistali, etc.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results ¦ Volume 13 ¦ Special Issue 8 ¦ 2022
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John Venn described his diagram in his book "Symbolic Logic" published in London in 1881. At the time, the graphic organizer
that Venn recommended was called a Venn diagram or Euler-Venn diagram. The Venn diagram is used in the process of
organizing the activity of comparing 2 or 3 objects, concepts, ideas, events. Creating a diagram involves three steps.
Stage 1: students are introduced to the rules for creating this diagram;
Stage 2: a comparison activity based on the diagram is organized individually, in pairs or in
groups
;
Stage 3: activity results are analyzed and evaluated.
To construct a Venn diagram, two intersecting circles are drawn (two circles if two parts of the subject are being compared, three
intersecting circles are drawn if three parts are being compared). Basic information about a separate part of the topic is included
in each circle. At the intersection of circles, topics in two or three circles are compared and a list of common information is
written [5; pp. 58-59].
It is recommended to use a Venn diagram in teaching terms related to the field of geography. The Venn diagram has several
advantages: as a graphic organizer, it develops the skills of systematic thinking, comparing, contrasting, and analyzing. With his
help, the subject will be repeated once again, and the acquired knowledge will remain in the memory of the students. Another
advantage is that it takes less time. Also, a Venn diagram can be designed using loops of two, three, four, five, etc.
Terms related to agronym, antonyms, anthropotoponyms, areal names are designed on the basis of four circles (Fig. 1):
Figure 1. Terminology project in the field of geography
When studying the etymology of terms related to the field of geography, they are formed by forming certain interperiod layers.
Analysis of terms, their composition, features of formation, naming laws, are inextricably linked with certain natural-historical
and political-economic conditions, and learning opportunities appear (Table 2):
Table 2. Etymology of terms related to geography
Languages
Terms
Languages
Terms
Turkish
language
Oktepa, Koratog, Yoyilma, Soylik,
Temirkon, Kovunchi
Chinese
language
Tianshan - Skyscraper Mountain, Great Mountain, God Mountain, Davan - Fergana
Valley gives the meaning of Big Boston. Kosonsoi in Persian - "Kos" - fortress, "on"
- plural form, "soy" - affix. So, Kosonsoy is a hybrid name of Chinese, Persian and
Turkish languages
Sogdian
language
Baraz - dirt, flat dirt. The name of a village
in Zomin district. Varktug'on, Varksar -
head of the knot. Zoyak-zoy-er, soil, field,
ak-affix
Arabic
language
"Pop-Bob" means gate in Arabic. Vokhm is a place belonging to mosques and
madrassas in the content of the foundation. The foothills of Tolabosdi village in
Koshrobot district are called Vaqim, because those places belonged to the village
mosque. Evidence is the plural form of evidence. There is a mosque with the same
name in the city of Kokan
Persian
language
Boyho - the rich. Garden of Bogizogan-
Zoglar. Varzlik is a crop, arable land.
Dahbed - dah-uy, bed-tol. Jeynov-Juy -
stream, variety - new. Jomashuy is a
laundress
Mongolian
language
Bahrin-ethnonym, the name of the descendants of Baariday, the legendary ancestor of
the Mongols. Darga-daruga means the chief. A village in Karakol district of Bukhara
region
Greek
language
Alexandria Eskhata-distant Alexandria,
Pardavi- hotel, Politimed - Zarafshan river
Slavic
language
Kremlin, Ulyanov, Gagarin
Sanskrit
language
Bakhshi hill-bhikshu-Buddha hill in the
context of Muyon - in the sense of virtue, a
village in Kuvasoy district, Fergana region
Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results ¦ Volume 13 ¦ Special Issue 8 ¦ 2022
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When studying the etymology of terms related to the field of geography, the three circles of the Venn diagram are used (see
Figure 2):
Figure 2. Etymology of terms related to the field of geography
The territory of our republic is divided into the following toponymic regions based on special principles and methods: Tashkent-
Mirzachol, Zarafshan, Qizilkum, Lower Amudarya, Ustyurt, Fergana, Surkhandarya, Kashkadarya.
Figure 3. Toponymic regions of Uzbekistan
C
ONCLUSION
In short, the Venn diagram method is used in the process of organizing the activity of comparing the object, concept, idea,
phenomenon of terms related to 2 or 3 geographical areas. The fact that diagramming involves three steps requires clarifying the
advantages and disadvantages of the Venn diagram. As an interactive method, Venn-Euler diagrams make the learning process
interesting and help to increase the motivation of language learning. Students can learn and memorize material faster and more
efficiently with this chart. Venn-Euler diagrams help you see and synthesize commonalities in objects, ideas, and concepts.
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