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DIAGNOSIS AND PREVENTION OF ZOOANTHROPONOSIS
(COENUROSIS, ECHINACOCCOSIS, CYSTICERCOSIS)
Tojimurat Gaznakulov,
Sherzod Aminjonov,
Tursunmurod Achilov,
Zohid Alikulov,
Alisher Khushnazarov and
Madina Klichova
Scientific Research Institute of Veterinary, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Abstract.
In the article, Hall (1910) wrote about the development of Multiceps multiceps
in the organism of dogs, which are the main spreaders of the disease of cenurosis, and
the fact that dogs are the main cause of the spread of this disease, 100 years ago.
According to him, multiceps develops only in the dog's intestine. That's why it was
noted that dogs play an important role in the origin and development of cenurosis.
Among the regions, the multiceps infection of dogs was more common in the
mountain-foreland region, and in the desert region, the results of the infection of herd
dogs, the infection of village dogs, and the results of the infection depending on the
seasons were highlighted. The work of the authors clearly shows that the animals
belonging to the dog family, that is, wolves, foxes, jackals and cats, play a secondary
role in the spread of the disease, and that they do not have an important role in the
spread of cenurosis in nature.
1 Introduction
Cenurosis is one of the most serious and fatal parasitic diseases of farm animals,
especially sheep. The disease Multiceps multiceps develops in the small intestine of
dogs. Its larval form (Coenuris cerebralis) develops bubbles of different sizes in the
brains of sheep, goats and other animals, called cenuris. Cenurosis disease occurs in
humans as well as animals.
These diseases, which are mainly spread by dogs, are increasing in recent times,
especially among livestock. In particular, cenurosis disease is 8.0-10.0 percent among
sheep, and echinococcosis disease is 60.0-80.0 percent among older sheep.
Echinococcosis is not only a veterinary problem, but also one of the urgent problems
in the field of medicine. Because people suffering from this disease are treated by
surgery and often become unfit for work. Both coenurosis and echinococcosis are
caused and spread by dogs and other carnivores.
2 Materials and methods
In the farms of Nurabad of Samarkand region and Khatirchi districts of Navoi
region, domestic dogs were sterilized with an aqueous solution of the drug arecoline.
As a result of this procedure, helminths were collected and examined in order to check
whether the dogs were sick with cenurosis and echinococcosis. It was found that 207
of 1465 dogs were infected with multiceps, 60 with skin and 8 with echinococcus. In
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particular, 769 dogs were dewormed in Nurabad district. Of these, 96 (12.4 percent)
were infected with multiceps, 30 (4 percent) with skin, and 2 with echinococcus.
Table 1.
№
Name of
farms
Number of
dewormed
dogs
Of these, those infected with cestodes
M.multicep
s
T.hydatigih
a
E.granulosu
s
1
Kattakurgan
188
17
3
-
2
Olga
100
15
7
-
3
Razzok
Jahongirov
78
5
2
-
4
Sohoba
37
3
1
-
5
Ulus
74
7
2
-
6
Yangiobod
105
17
7
1
7
Uzku
47
8
1
-
8
Sozogon
140
24
7
1
By district:
769
96
30
2
Out of 696 dewormed dogs in Khatirchi district, 111 (16 percent) were infected
with multiceps, 30 with skin and 6 with echinococcal disease.
Table 2.
№
Name of
farms
Number of
dewormed dogs
Of these, those infected with cestodes
M.multiceps T.hydatigiha E.granulosus
1
Oltinsoy
303
50
15
3
2
Pulkan is a
poet
78
13
2
-
3
Zarafshon
181
30
8
2
4
Uchkora
134
18
5
1
By district:
696
111
30
6
Parasitic diseases of animals are a big obstacle to solving these problems
effectively. Cenurosis of farm animals takes the main place among these diseases. The
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disease is widespread in many countries, especially in farms specializing in sheep
breeding, and has a significant impact on the development of livestock breeding.
3 Research results
Dogs are the main spreaders of cenurosis among farm animals. Animals
belonging to the dog family, that is, wolves, foxes, jackals and cats, play a secondary
role in the spread of the disease. E. Ergashev (1958) examined 6 wild cats in
Samarkand region. In fact, he did not observe multiceps in any of them. P. Mominov
(1965) also did not detect multiceps in 32 wild cats examined in different regions of
our republic. Parasites were not observed in 26 wild cats examined by R. Bekirov
(1968) in Bukhara region. When E. Ergashev and V. Sodikov (1965) examined 45
foxes in different regions of Uzbekistan, immature multiceps was found in 2 of them.
According to the authors, foxes are of secondary importance in the spread of cenurosis
in nature.
52 foxes observed by N. Matzhanov and R. Bekirov (1968) in different districts
of Bukhara region were free of multiceps. When the authors artificially infected 4
foxes and 4 dogs with cenur protoscolexes in laboratory conditions, all of the dogs
were infected, 4 multiceps were observed in the intestine of one of the 162 protoscolex
foxes. R. Bekirov (1989) did not find multiceps in any of the 34 domestic cats, 46
foxes, 29 raccoons and 3 wolves examined in different cities and villages of our
republic. Scientists from other countries have noted that their multiceps are not
damaged. For example, A.M.Petrov and L.F.Potekhina (1953) examined 2 wolves in
the territories of the Republic of Tajikistan and were free of parasites. Multiceps
multiceps was not observed in 20 wolves examined by F. N. Morozov (1951) in the
Republic of Moldova. Multiceps multiceps 122 heads examined by A.I. Agapova
(1950), 37 examined by V.I. Bondareva (1963), 20 examined by N.T. Kadirov (1959)
and S.D. Ulyanov and A.B. Baydalievlar (1961) did not observe in 28 wolves
examined. In laboratory conditions, V.I. Bondareva et al. (1957) developed a parasite
in 1 of 4 foxes artificially infected. The 2 main dogs under supervision were all
damaged.
Researches conducted in other republics in order to determine the role of
shogols in the spread of the disease, including L.F.Potekhina in Tajikistan (1953),
V.I.Chernishev (1954), I.A.Sodikov in Azerbaijan (1953), S.D. in South Kazakhstan.
Ulyanov (1957) showed that multiceps did not adapt in the organism of this animal,
and it does not have an important epizootic value in the spread of cenurosis. Therefore,
other animals belonging to the dog family, excluding dogs, cannot be of epizootic and
epidemiological importance in the spread of cenurosis. Hall (1910) suggested 100
years ago that dogs are the main cause of the spread of this disease. According to him,
multiceps develops only in the dog's intestine. Therefore, attention was paid to the fact
that dogs play an important role in the origin and development of cenurosis. U.Usarov
(1993) confirmed that 12.4 percent of them were infected with multiceps on average
when examining dogs in different services in different regions of Almaty region.
Among the regions, multiceps infection of dogs occurred in the Kuprok
mountain region, and the rate in this regard was 22.3-36.3 percent. In mountainous and
desert regions, the incidence of dogs with this parasite did not exceed 10.5 percent. In
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the villages located in the foothills, dogs were mostly infected (21.2 percent).
According to the research conducted by I. Z. Mukhanov (1995) in the territory of
Kazakhstan in the following years, the average infection of dogs with multiceps in the
Republic is 5.6%. But this argument, according to the author, is not suitable for all
regions. In particular, in the desert-desert region, the damage of herd dogs is equal to
9.8 percent. The prevalence of rural dogs does not exceed 5.3 percent. The researcher
observed certain differences in the infection of dogs with multiceps depending on the
seasons of the year. For example, in spring, 5.3% of herd dogs and 9.08% of rural dogs
were affected, while in summer, the rate was 2.6% and 6.9%, respectively. In the
northern part of the desert region, dogs were infected with multiceps at a rate of 1.3%
in winter, 9.0% in spring, 5.2% in summer, and 6.2% in autumn. In the south of this
region, the damage of dogs in the indicated seasons is 3.8, 5.2, respectively; It was 1.2
and 7.7 percent. A. Abdurasulov (1998) observed multiceps in 198 out of 441 dogs
examined in the Sundukli massif of Turkmenistan, or 44.9 percent, including 13 out of
122 herd dogs, 185 of the dogs in the villages located in the Sundukli massif were
infected. According to the author, village dogs are the main cause of the disease of
sheep of cattle breeding farms located in the Sundukli massif. According to V.I.
Bondareva (1963), herd dogs are more affected by multiceps. He witnessed that such
dogs were infected with multiceps up to 23.0%, and the infection was more common
in spring. According to the researcher, the reason for this is that dogs are infected in
the spring, and the disease of cenurosis is more common among dogs during this
period.
The Kuchyn region of Kazakhstan is still seriously affected by the disease of
cenurosis. Research also supports this idea. For example, according to the data of A.I.
Abdibekova (2001), average infestation of dogs with multiceps in Jambul region is
14.9%. Anicrogy parasite was observed in 23 out of 171 examined dogs (20.0 percent).
R. Bekirov (1989) compared the infection of urban and rural dogs with multiceps. It
was found that 3.54 percent of 311 urban dogs and 10.4 percent of 448 rural dogs were
infected with parasites.
Investigations conducted by E. Ergashev and V. Sodikov (1966) on the study of
the infestation of dogs with Multiceps multiceps according to the seasons showed that
the highest infestation corresponds to the first and second seasons. The authors
observed that 2-4-year-old dogs are more prone to multiseptosis. V. Barotov (1970)
also proved in his experiments that the infection of dogs with multiceps depends on the
seasons. For example, in the second season, 7 out of 21 head dogs, or 33.3 percent,
were found to have multiceps. In the first season, 23% of 6 out of 26 dogs were
affected. Multiceps infestation was 15.3 percent in the third season and 9.09 percent in
the fourth season in other seasons. Sh. Azimov, R. Bekirov and 3. Jumaev (1975) in
the Kashkadarya region observed multiceps in 66.6 percent or 24 of 36 head dogs.
M.Musinov (1986) examined 24 out of 57 herd dogs (42.1 percent) and 22 out of 53
village dogs (41.5 percent) had multiceps. According to the author's data, dogs are
highly infected with multiceps, regardless of the type of service. The author (1988)
observed in his further studies that there were regional differences in the prevalence of
multiceps in dogs. For example, such damage was 34.25% of dog damage in the vine-
covered region, 32.18% in the desert-desert region, and 27.64% in the irrigated region.
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B. Hakimov (1990), who examined 4090 dogs in villages bordering cattle-
breeding farms of Bukhara region, where this field is developed, observed multiceps in
23.6% of them in 969 of them. According to the author (1999), the dogs of the villages
bordering the livestock holdings were infected with multiceps at a high rate of 23.4%.
T.Gaznakulov (1998) examined 769 village dogs on the farms of Nurabad
district of Samarkand province and observed multiceps in 96 of them (12.4 percent),
and noted that 111 or 16.3 percent of 696 dogs in Khatirchi district were infected with
parasites.
4 Conclusion.
Country dogs are almost never dewormed. Due to this, they are the cause of
cenurosis and echinococcosis diseases. Because these dogs are not regularly dewormed
compared to herd dogs, dogs do not bind when dewormed. As a result, they spread the
eggs of multiceps in pastures and waters and serve as a constant source of damage to
sheep.
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Tojimurat Gaznakulov
