Том 4 № 18 (2025)

КИ-ОПП представляет собой значительную угрозу для жизни и здоровья пациентов.  Его развитие существенно повышает риск смерти и различных заболеваний в краткосрочной и долгосрочной перспективе, как у пациентов с инфарктом миокарда с подъемом сегмента ST (ИМСП), так и у тех, кто страдает острыми коронарными синдромами без подъема сегмента ST (ОКС NSTE) [2].  Важно отметить, что даже успешное проведение ЧКВ и восстановление кровотока в коронарных артериях не исключаетриск развития КИ-ОПП и связанных с ним негативных последствий.  Таким образом, КИ-ОПП является серьёзным фактором, влияющим на прогноз после ЧКВ у пациентов с острыми сердечно-сосудистыми событиями. Хотя патогенез КИ-ОПП не полностью изучен, могут быть задействованы множественные механизмы, и воспаление играет определенную роль. Контраст-индуцированное острое повреждение почек связано с выработкой провоспалительных цитокинов и хемокинов впочке[7].

Философия права является ключевой областью философского и юридического анализа, которая стремится понять природу права, его основания и последствия. В контексте современных вызовов и изменяющейся социальной реальности метод научного моделирования становится важным инструментом для анализа и понимания различных аспектов права. В данной статье рассматривается метод научного моделирования в философии права, его актуальность и применение в современном мире.

Ushbu maqolada o‘smirlik (lotincha, adolescere – yetuklikka so‘ziga to‘g‘ri keladi) jismoniy va psixologik rivojlanishning o‘tish davri bo‘lib, u odatda balog‘at yoshidan balog‘atga yetgunga qadar sodir bo‘lishi, o‘smirlik davrining turli bosqichlarda nimani kutish kerakligini tushunish o‘smirlik davrida va erta balog‘at yoshida sog‘lom rivojlanishga yordam berishi, balog‘at yoshi haqida bilib oling va oldinda nima borligini tushuntirish haqida bayon etilgan.

Mazkur tezisda O‘zbekiston Respublikasida tibbiy sug‘urta tizimini joriy etishning konstitutsiyaviy-huquqiy asoslari tahlil etilgan. O‘zbekistonning yangi tahrirdagi Konstitutsiyasida tibbiy sug‘urta tizimini rivojlantirishga qaratilgan normalar, shuningdek tibbiy sug‘urta tizimini joriy etish bilan bog‘liq huquqiy muammolar va ularni hal etish yo‘llari tahlil qilingan. Tezis natijasida, tibbiy sug‘urta tizimini takomillashtirish bo‘yicha ilmiy asoslangan takliflar ishlab chiqilgan.

The study analyzed the dental status of pregnant women using modern clinical and laboratory diagnostic methods. Special attention is paid to the study of the condition of periodontal tissues, oral mucosa and hard dental tissues. The characteristic changes in the oral cavity associated with the physiological characteristics of the body of pregnant women were revealed.The results obtained make it possible to optimize approaches to the prevention and treatment of dental diseases in pregnant women, taking into account their special status. The practical significance of the work lies in the development of recommendations for the timely diagnosis, prevention and treatment of oral diseases in pregnant women, which contributes to the preservation of the health of mother and child

This pаper explоres the impоrtаnce оf English in tоdаy`s wоrld аnd innоvаtive methоdоlоgies fоr teаching English аs а secоnd lаnguаge (ESL). Relying оn current reseаrch аnd best prаctices in lаnguаge educаtiоn, the аrticle exаmines hоw new methоdоlоgies prоmоte аctive lаnguаge аcquisitiоn. Besides, it аlsо gives explаnаtiоns why trаditiоnаl methоds аre nоt the best wаy tо teаch lаnguаge leаrners.

Мазкур мақолада “шахснинг шаъни ва қадр-қиммати”, “инсон ҳаётининг сир тутиладиган томонларини акс эттирувчи маълумотлар ва уларни ошкор қилиш” жиноятини ижтимоий хавфлилигининг ўзига хос ҳусусиятлари, мазкур жиноятнинг содир этилишига олиб келаётган сабаблар ва уларнинг ҳуқуқий оқибатлари, ҳозирги вақтда суд-тергов амалиётида юзага келаётган айрим масалалар муҳокама қилинган. 

Currently, developing students' creative thinking skills is gaining significant importance in the educational process. Shaping students' innovative approaches and instilling independent thinking skills through motivational trainings is considered one of the effective methods. Introducing innovative approaches instead of traditional teaching methods, especially through motivational trainings, serves to unlock students' creative potential and improve the quality and effectiveness of education.

Ushbu ilmiy ishda talaba yoshlar orasida surunkali gastritning keng tarqalganligi, uning asosiy sabablari va profilaktik choralar tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot davomida oliy ta’lim muassasalarida tahsil olayotgan talabalar o‘rtasida sog‘lom ovqatlanish odatlari, stress omillari va yomon odatlarning gastrit rivojlanishiga ta’siri o‘rganildi. Shuningdek, kasallikning oldini olishda ma’rifiy va sog‘lom turmush tarzini shakllantirishga qaratilgan choralar taklif etildi.

This article discusses the g‘ijjak – an ancient stringed musical instrument of the Karakalpak people. It analyzes the origin, structure, and role of the g‘ijjak in music. The article highlights the significance of the instrument in Karakalpak music, its role in folklore and epic traditions, as well as its differences from other string instruments. It also explores the historical development of the g‘ijjak and its preservation in the modern era. The article emphasizes the importance of the g‘ijjak as a part of musical traditions and cultural heritage, and stresses the need to pass it on to younger generations.

Maqolada jamiyatning ma’naviy xavfsizligiga tahdidlar, ularning oldini olish choralari, mazkur sohadagi qonunchilik hamda zamonaviy tadqiqotlarga e’tibor qaratildi.

Мақолада Шарқий Фарғонанинг тоғолди ҳудудларида маккажўхори поя парвонасининг ривожланиш хусусиятлари мавсумда 3 авлод бериб ривожланиши, поя парвонасининг кечки муддатларда экилган маккажўхорига етказадиган умумий зарари 20,9% ни ташкил этиши, ушбу ҳашаротнинг ривожланиш босқичидаги  морфологик хусусиятлари тўғрисида баён этилган.

В статье рассматривается актуальная проблема формирования читательской и информационной культуры у младших школьников в условиях цифровой трансформации образования. Автор анализирует потенциал различных видов чтения (изучающего, поискового, ознакомительного, выборочного) как инструмента развития ключевых компетенций XXI века. Представлены практические методики интеграции этих видов чтения в учебный процесс с учетом возрастных особенностей учащихся.

In this article, the complicated course of botulism in children of school age is presented in clinical observation. Also, the tactics of laboratory tests, treatment approach and clinical effectiveness of treatment are indicated.

Radon, a colorless and odorless radioactive gas, is a byproduct of uranium decay in soil, rock, and water. It accumulates in enclosed spaces, particularly in basements and ground floors, posing a significant health risk. Chronic exposure to elevated radon concentrations has been linked to an increased risk of lung cancer, contributing to 3-14% of cases globally, as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). While radon exposure has been extensively studied in many parts of the world, research on radon levels in Uzbekistan remains limited. This study investigates the concentration of radon in Tashkent's residential areas over the period 2020-2024, evaluating the associated public health risks.

О‘zbekiston farmatsevtika sanoatini dorivor о‘simliklar xom ashyosiga  bо‘lgan talabi kun sayin ortib bormoqda. Bunday obyektlarga- Dorivor rоzmarin, Dorivor rоzmarin, dorivor tirnokgul, dorivor moychechak, namatak, valeriana,dо‘lana, zirk va boshqalar kiradi. Bular orasida Dorivor rоzmarinfarmatsevtika, parfyumeriya, oziq-ovqat va meditsina sanotida о‘zining keng qamrovda ishlatilishi bilan alohida  ajralib turadi.

Ushbu tezisda oilaviy muhitning farzand tarbiyasiga ta’siri pedagogik va psixologik nuqtai nazardan o‘rganiladi. Oiladagi ijtimoiy-psixologik holat, ota-onaning tarbiyaviy yondashuvi va o‘zaro munosabatlar farzand shaxsining shakllanishiga qanday ta’sir ko‘rsatishi ilmiy tahlil qilinadi. Asosan sog‘lom oilaviy muhitni shakllantirishda ota-onaning pedagogik kompetensiyasi va psixologik madaniyati muhim omil sifatida yoritilgan.

Mazkur maqolada  ona tili darslarida o‘quv dasturidagi belgilangan maqsad va vazifalarni amalga oshirish mazmunidav  umumiy o‘rta ta’lim maktabi o‘quvchilarining og‘zaki va yozma nutq malakalarini rivojlantirishning nazariy asoslanishi va nutqiy muloqotni,  mantiqiy fikrlash hamda o‘z fikrini ifoda qilishni o‘stirish  bo‘yicha   tilshunos, metodist olimlar hamda psixologlarning ilmiy fikrlari  keltirilib tahliliy o ‘rganilgan.

Mazkur maqolada Sirdaryo viloyatining sugʻoriladigan yer maydonlarida sizot suvlari sathi chuqurligi va shoʻrlanish darajasi boʻyicha hududlar tahlil qilinib, ular 2016–2017-yillar statistik maʼlumotlari asosida maydonlarga ajratilgan. Tadqiqot davomida sizot suvlarining sathi va ularning shoʻrlanish darajasi qishloq xoʻjaligi ekinlari, xususan, hosildorlikka koʻrsatadigan taʼsiri oʻrganilgan. Tahlillar natijasida sizot suvlarining sathi va shoʻrlanish darajasi hosildorlikka bevosita taʼsir koʻrsatishi aniqlangan hamda agrotexnik tadbirlarni rejali amalga oshirish zarurligi asoslab berilgan.

This article explores the critical issues related to the integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into urban transport systems. As urbanization accelerates and environmental concerns intensify, electric vehicles present a promising alternative to traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. The article discusses the environmental, economic, technological, and social dimensions of EV adoption, as well as the infrastructural and policy requirements necessary for successful integration. Moreover, it highlights the challenges associated with charging infrastructure, high initial costs, and public perception. The study concludes that a multi-faceted approach involving government incentives, public awareness, and private sector collaboration is essential for establishing a sustainable and efficient urban mobility system driven by electric transportation.

This study explores the impact of drought on forest cover changes around the Aral Sea using GIS and remote sensing technologies. Satellite imagery from Landsat and MODIS is analyzed to assess the temporal and spatial changes in forest health, revealing significant deforestation, particularly in the southern and eastern parts of the region. The findings highlight the increasing desertification and soil erosion caused by drought, with adverse effects on local biodiversity and ecosystem services. The study underscores the value of GIS and remote sensing in monitoring environmental changes and supporting restoration efforts in the Aral Sea region.

This research is dedicated to the study of diachronic and synchronic changes in the English and Uzbek languages. Language change occurs through historical events, social factors, technological advancements, and external influences. English belongs to the Indo-European language family and, throughout its development, has adopted a large number of words from Latin, French, and Germanic languages. The Uzbek language, belonging to the Turkic language family, has primarily borrowed words from Persian, Arabic, Russian, and modern English. This article provides a comparative analysis of phonetic, morphological, syntactic, and lexical changes, illustrating how these two languages have evolved over time.

The article examines the image of the dragon in Uzbek mythology. Based on the presented material, it can be concluded that the image of the dragon mythological image in Uzbek legends is reflected in the mythology of different countries and therefore can be considered universal. This means that the image of the dragon in Uzbek mythology is related to European and Chinese dragons, despite some differences in its appearance, which have a cultural significance in many of its features and characteristics.

This аrticle exаmines the рrоblem оf develорing students' рrоfessiоnаl mоtivаtiоn thrоugh integrаtive teаching tооls оf sрeciаl рedаgоgy. Рrоfessiоnаl mоtivаtiоn оf students рlаys аn imроrtаnt rоle in the fоrmаtiоn оf their аsрirаtiоns аnd роtentiаl fоr the future рrоfessiоn. In this wоrk, the use оf mоdern technоlоgies, visuаl аids, аnd interаctive methоds is рrороsed, which serve tо imрrоve the рrоfessiоnаl skills аnd cоmрetencies оf students. Аs а result, the effectiveness оf educаtiоn is increаsed аnd рrоfessiоnаl mоtivаtiоn is further strengthened.

Maktabgacha ta’lim tizimi yangi ilmiy izlanishlar olib borish va shu asosida yangi istiqbolli loyihalarni tizimga tadbiq etilishini nazarda tutuvchi ta’limning muhim bo‘g‘inlaridan biriga aylanmoqda. Pedagog fasilitator sifatida bolalarga ta’lim va tarbiya berishda o‘z bilimi, ko‘nikma va resurslaridan foydalanadi. Pedagog ta’lim va tarbiya jarayonini rejalashtiradi, bolaning har tomonlama rivojlanishiga va uning salohiyatini ochishga hissa qo‘shadigan rivojlantiruvchi muhitni yarata olishi kerak.

Samarali lug'at o'rgatish tilni rivojlantirish uchun ham, umumiy o'quv yutuqlari uchun ham muhimdir.   Ushbu maqolada o'qituvchilar o'z o'quvchilarining so'zlarni eslab qolishlari va bilimlarini yaxshilash uchun qo'llashlari mumkin bo'lgan bir qancha strategiyalarni ko'rib chiqadi.   So'zlarni xaritalash, morfemik tahlil (prefikslar, ildizlar va qo'shimchalar), aniq ko'rsatma, kontekstual o'rganish, semantik xaritalash, takrorlash va ko'rib chiqish muhim usullardir.   Ta'sirli usullar orasida mustaqil o'qishni rivojlantirish, raqamli vositalarni birlashtirish va o'yinlar va bahslar orqali faol ishtirok etishni rag'batlantirish kiradi.   Chuqur o'rganish va real hayotda qo'llanilishini ta'minlash uchun bu usul retseptiv (tinglash/o'qish) va samarali (gapirish/yozish) lug'atiga teng e'tibor beradi.

In the fields of linguistics and cultural studies, the conceptualization of luck and misfortune plays a vital role in understanding how language encodes human cognition and social values. These abstract concepts not only influence the construction of linguistic expressions but also reflect speakers’ worldviews and the cultural narratives embedded in their societies [1][2]. The linguistic landscape across languages reveals that expressions denoting fortune and misfortune are often shaped by both collective cultural experience and individual perception.

Ushbu ilmiy ishda talaba yoshlar orasida surunkali gastritning keng tarqalganligi, uning asosiy sabablari va profilaktik choralar tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot davomida oliy ta’lim muassasalarida tahsil olayotgan talabalar o‘rtasida sog‘lom ovqatlanish odatlari, stress omillari va yomon odatlarning gastrit rivojlanishiga ta’siri o‘rganildi. Shuningdek, kasallikning oldini olishda ma’rifiy va sog‘lom turmush tarzini shakllantirishga qaratilgan choralar taklif etildi.

In this article, the process of decision-making in human resource management is analyzed comprehensively. Human resource management is one of the strategic priorities for modern organizations, and the decision-making process directly influences the organization's efficiency and competitiveness. The article covers the theoretical foundations of managerial decisions, their main types (strategic, tactical, and operational), as well as the stages of decision-making (problem identification, data collection, analysis, solution development, and evaluation of results).

Mazkur maqolada huquq normalarini sharhlashning nazariy va amaliy jihatlari yoritilgan. Huquq normalarining mazmun-mohiyatini to‘g‘ri tushunish va ularni amaliyotda to‘g‘ri qo‘llashda sharhlash jarayonining ahamiyati alohida ta’kidlanadi. Maqolada sharhlash turlari — grammatik, sistematik, mantiqiy va funksional sharhlar haqida batafsil ma’lumot beriladi. Shuningdek, sud, idoraviy va rasmiy sharhlarning o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Maqola huquqni qo‘llash jarayonida sharhlashning dolzarbligini asoslab beradi va ushbu sohadagi muammoli masalalarga ilmiy yondashuvni taklif qiladi.

Mazkur maqolada nogironligi bor shaxslar bilan ishlashda axloqiy me’yorlarning ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Axloqiy tamoyillar nogironligi bor shaxslarning huquqlarini hurmat qilish, kamsitishning oldini olish va jamiyatga integratsiyasini ta’minlashga xizmat qiladi. Tadqiqot davomida xalqaro va milliy qonunchilik, falsafiy va ijtimoiy yondashuvlar hamda ijtimoiy ish xodimining bu jarayondagi roli yoritiladi. Shuningdek, nogironligi bor shaxslarga nisbatan hurmat, adolat, mustaqillik va inklyuzivlik tamoyillari muhokama qilinadi.

This paper examines the complex interaction of modern Slavic peoples with globalization processes. It examines how global trends influence the preservation and transformation of the cultural, linguistic and national identity of the Slavs in the context of intensive migration flows, economic integration and information exchange. The paper examines both positive and negative aspects of globalization for the Slavic world, such as opportunities for economic growth and cultural exchange, as well as the risks of losing national identity and increasing social inequality. The study uses comparative analysis methods, statistical data and case studies of individual Slavic countries, which allows for a comprehensive understanding of the role and place of the Slavic peoples in the modern globalized world.

Slavic languages, which are the main means of communication in the states of Central and Eastern Europe, play a significant role in political and cultural processes on the continent. This article examines the influence of Slavic states on the political map of Europe, analyzing how the linguistic identity and political unity of these countries affect foreign and domestic policy, as well as interstate relations.

В статье рассматривается влияние индивидуально-психологических особенностей учащихся, обусловленных типом темперамента, на формирование и развитие математических способностей в начальной школе.

В последнее время суицидальное поведение среди подростков в Узбекистане является серьёзной проблемой, требующей пристального внимания и применения рациональных научных методов для её изучения и предотвращения. В последние годы наблюдается тревожная тенденция увеличения числа самоубийств среди молодёжи. Так, по данным Министерства внутренних дел, 55,5% суицидов совершаются людьми в возрасте от 14 до 30 лет. [1]

This study proposes an optimized surgical approach for craniosynostosis in children using preoperative multislice computed tomography (MSCT). A total of 150 retrospective cases and a pilot group of 80 patients were analyzed using tailored pediatric MSCT protocols. Morphometric parameters were compared with international craniofacial databases. Clinical, neurological, ophthalmological, and cosmetic outcomes were evaluated. Optimized protocols led to a radiation dose reduction of 30–40%. Advanced statistical methods, including t-test, ANOVA, and Bayesian network meta-analysis, revealed factors associated with better surgical outcomes. The proposed strategy significantly improved preoperative planning, surgical precision, and postoperative rehabilitation in pediatric patients.

This study explores the application of the buccal fat pad flap in the surgical treatment of wide cleft palates in young children. A total of 48 patients aged 10 to 24 months were evaluated, with 24 receiving the buccal fat pad flap and 24 undergoing conventional closure. The technique demonstrated significant improvement in wound healing and reduction in complications. Oronasal fistula rates decreased from 41.6% to 12.5%, and scar-related contractures were observed in only 8.3% of cases with the flap. The buccal fat pad proves to be a reliable, low-risk method that enhances both anatomical repair and functional recovery.

В статье рассматриваются современные методы преподавания микробиологии, направленные на повышение качества образования и вовлеченности студентов. Описаны традиционные подходы и их ограничения, а также новейшие технологии и инновации, применяемые в учебном процессе, включая использование цифровых платформ, виртуальных лабораторий, интерактивных методик и мобильных приложений. Особое внимание уделено роли коллаборативных технологий и активных методов обучения, таких как проблемно-ориентированное обучение и проектные исследования. Проанализированы преимущества и недостатки современных методов и их влияние на подготовку специалистов в области микробиологии.

The article covers the content of legal reforms in the field of criminal law carried out in the Republic of Uzbekistan in recent years, in particular, a detailed scientific observation about the social danger of the crime of perjury, about the general description of these crimes.

Республикамиз чорвачилигини ривожлантиришда асосий муаммоларимиздан бири бу чорва озуқа базасининг етишмовчилигидир. Бу борада олимлар томонидан янги инновацион технологиялардан фойдаланиб, кўплаб илмий-тадқиқот ишлари олиб борилмоқда ва ижобий натижаларга эришилмоқда. Бугунги кунда чорва молларини озуқа базасини маълум даражада мустаҳкамлашда гидропоника усулида яшил майса етиштириш ишлари кенг фойдаланилмоқда.