No. 1 (2014)

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. Increasing the export potential, reducing the flow of imported goods, saving foreign currency assets and ensuring the growing needs of the population requires the development of new composite materials and finished consumer goods, including on the basis of knitting. Knitting industry in the country is young , an important focus of the textile industry and in modern conditions it is oriented to increase the export potential of the country and offers complete cycle of «from raw materials to finished products». Technical jersey/knitted material may be the most suitable component of modern composite materials.
The properties of various materials most successfully implemented in their compositions, when the shortcomings of one material covered by other virtues, or there are new properties that are not inherent in the individual components. Advances in the development of new composite materials associated with the creation of reinforced polymers. In recent years there has been significant progress in the use of reinforced films with reinforcing structures in different fields of industry, agriculture and construction. However, far from being exhausted opportunities to develop new reinforced composite polymeric materials like nature and structure of the constituent elements and their production technology. The prospect of highly strengthened composites is seen in knitted nets for this strengthening.
Textile fabrics can be used as a filtering element in various processes in capturing industrial emissions. Capturing harmful toxic substances is possible only with the adsorbents introduced into the filter material by impregnating, spraying, applying to the surface or into the material.
Unconventional fibers (sorption, antimicrobials, basalt, and others), in particular the chemisorptions have low mechanical properties, which makes hard the formation of these yams. All attempts to improve the mechanical properties decrease the sorption properties. By this reason the perspective way in developing composite sleeves is to perform on the basis of knitting material with based filler.
Under Presidential Decrees PP-1590 from June 29, 2011 «About further extension of localization of production of finished products, components and materials on the basis of industrial cooperation for 2011-2013» and PP-2120 from February 4, 2014 «On the program of localization of production of finished products, components and materials for 2014-2016» identified a number of problems related industries, including light industry of the Republic of Uzbekistan it was defined several missions to the industrial sectors including the sector of chemistry and technology of composite materials.
Thus, the relevance of the thesis topic is to establish the scientific foundations regularities of formation and development of technologies knit-reinforced thermoplastic composites, filled fabrics and sleeves of multifunctional purpose, a much-needed increase in the volume of production, broadening the assortment range, improving the quality and reducing their cost.
Purpose of research: to create reinforced polyfunctional composite materials with required structure, for implementation of strength, elasticdeformation, adhesion properties of knitted fabrics and developing effective technology of production.
Scientific novelty of disscrtational research. It is scientifically founded creating technology of knitting-reinforced composite materials with required structure and properties. Benefits knitting method implemented in new developments of composites according to the structure and properties:
it is studied the relationship patterns of the constituent elements of the structure filled and reinforced knitted material, proposed equation determining their equilibrium state and developed a method of optimizing the degree of mobility;
it is developed a theoretical process of the formation of filled and reinforced fabrics, sleeves and they have been practically implemented;
developed composite fabrics and sleeve with reactive N- vinyl polymers, fibrous and particulate fillers with other functionally active properties (UZ 1046, UZ 943, UZ FAP 00476, UZ FAP00784);
proven the advisability of using a mesh jersey/knitted material as a reinforcing element of thermoplastic composites reinforced plastic composites (UZ 944, RU 2085396), designed and developed the technology reinforced roofing composite based on polyvinyl chloride (UZ FAP 00426).
CONCLUSION
1. Scientifically founded the possibility of applying of the net, filled and reinforced structures when creating knitted composite materials of polyfunctional purposes. Designed geometrical model of the state structure and methods of optimizing the mobility of knitted material.
2. Developed the concept of a knilted-reinforced composites with required properties. Based on composite sleeve created new seamless coverage for offset printing machines, sleeves, filters, containers for packing of bales of cotton products and etc.
3. It is determined the creating features of adsorption filled knitted composites with dispersed and fiber reactive polymers, including through further modification. It is developed the methods of optimizing technological parameters and operational properties of knitted material composites.
4. It is determined the dependence of the properties of reinforced composites on the nature of the material, geometric dimensions of the strengthening of the structural elements, chemical compatibility and ways of formation. The samples with improved durability and adhesion properties on the basis of net jersey.
5. Durable binding polyester and nylon thread with polyvinylchloride contributes to finding them highly elastic or viscous-flow condition, you may experience of intermolecular hydrogen and donor-acceptor relations, adsorption and diffusion matrix inside jersey/knitted material because of its porous structure.
6. Comparative analysis of reinforced composites showed that the most effective is knitted mesh is made of nylon thread, especially with clearance of oval form. Highly oriented elements woven fiberglass easily removed from sheet material. The advantage jersey knitted material implemented due to the solid structure, strength with a simultaneous elasticity of nodes matching glass transition temperatures and melting of the material of the frame and polymer adhesive strength and adsorption interaction forces. Under the action of an explosive efforts polymer composite behaves as a solid material.
7. Net knitwear from caprone thread embedded in the technology roofing composite on the basis of PVC. It is developed regulated technology of production of knitted-reinforced composites with improved physical-mechanical properties.
8. Introduction of the developed technological solutions gives significant social and economic effect expressed in rational use of raw materials, energy resources, as well as in the improvement of working conditions and environmental safety.

Topicality and demand of the subject dissertation. The great importance in solving the range of practically problems is the creation of the new class of highly-effective materials meeting the modern requirements of scientific-tecnhological progress. In particular the polycomplexes (PC) and polycomplex composites (PCC), which have unique properties. They are becoming more widely used in pharmacy as thickeners and stabilizers for suspensions, prolongator action of drugs, the film former for capsules and tablets, and as a bases for soft dosage forms, etc.
Polycomplex Composites (PCC) are very promising and have an important place in materials technology, engineering, medicine and other areas of the economy, as exhibit a number of unique and the most valuable properties. In addition, the ability of many polyelectrolytes interact with other polymeric compounds opens up broad prospects in the field of controlled synthesis and modification of macromolecular systems. Because of this from the most of the known compounds, in principle, it is possible to obtain entirely new materials.
Very interesting and promising in this aspect are polycomplex composites based on cellulose derivatives - polyanion sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC) and synthetic urea-formaldehyde oligomers (UFO) of linear and cyclo-chain structure.
These systems Na-СМС and UFO are promising also in relation to their industrial large-tonnage production directly in the Republic of Uzbekistan on the basis of local resources, which is especially important to address the possible practical implementation: the problem of obtaining drugs on the base of the PCC gels - drug carriers with desired properties, the use of gels based on the PCC as a base for ointments with adjustable diffusion membrane properties which have significant scientific and practical importance.
The demand of the dissertation work is in the fact that nowadays the main auxiliary substances used in pharmaceutical production of the republic are brought from other countries as import product that restrains the increasing of production the preparations and leads to rising of their price.
The present research is focused on the implementation of the resolutions of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan the № PR-731 dated November 19, 2007. «On the program of modernization, technological and technological reequipment of the pharmaceutical industry for the period up to 2011» for the dynamic development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the coming decades is the rational use of high technology, using local natural resources and provide the population with domestic products.
In this aspect, the perspective and urgent is the introduction to pharmaceutical production the polycomplex gel bases suggested for use as the base for soft medicinal preparations which are obtained on the basis of cheap, available, large tonnage local raw materials.
Purpose of research is s to establish the kinetics of formation and development of efficient production technology polycomplex composites on the basis of cheap, affordable, bulk polymers of local origin.
Scientific novelty of the dissertation research consists in the following:
the effective technology for producing polycomplex composites developed based on Na-СМС and UFO «PCG-1» with optimal technological parameters and components in a production environment;
the possibility of controlling mechanical, ultrafiltration-governmental, water-swellable, sorption properties and pore size polycomplex membranes;
the possibility of using polycomplex composites as a basis for medicines and possible ways directed regulation of their structure and properties;
the possibility of inhibiting the degradation of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution with urea-formaldehyde oligomer;
It was developed and proposed evidence-based approach to the use of composites polycomplex «PCG-1» as polycomplex gel base for soft drugs with prolonged action.
Conclusion
1. Obtained polycomplex composites based on Na- CMC and UFO of linear and cyclochain structure with the assessment of nature the intermolecular interaction. Ascertained the kinetic regularities of formation process of polycomplex composite at different stages at varying the conditions, structure and composition of reagents. Shown that interpolymer complexes are stabilized both with ionic and hydrogen bonds. Found that increasing the number of cycles in triasinon chain UFO enhances the amount of ionic bonds, which creates the possibility of controlling the structure and properties of the obtained polycomplex and composites.
2. Developed the technology of obtaining the polycomplex composites on the base Na-СМС with UFO as a base for soft medicinal preparations of prolonged action with optimal physico-chemical, physico-mechanical and operating characteristics. Composed the technological diagram of polycomplex composites production and ascertained the principal technological parameters in production conditions.
3. Ascertained the interrelation between the nature and quantity of interchain bonds with the structure and properties of products of interpolymer interactions. Regulating the content of triasinone fragments in chain of UFO the interchain ionic bonds can be controlled, that gives the possibility to manage the mechanical, ultrafiltration, water-swelling and sorption properties and sizes of polycomplex membranes pores. Revealed that owing to the interaction of Na-СМС with UFO are observed the conformation changes in the condition of forming macromolecules that is explained the strong hydrophobization of the product, at the medium size of globules of macromolecules and the size of membrane pores depend on the correlation of the components. Shown that the managing the complex of membrane properties and the complete release of medicinal particles with prolonged action at using the obtained product as a base for soft medicinal preparations is the argument for usage of polycomplex composites in pharmacy.
4. It was first demonstrated that the possibility of using the PCC -based on Na- CMC and UFO as gel base for soft drugs which are economically profitable, available and large-tonnage local products. Revealed that the suggested base according to its physico-mechanical, physico-chemical and operating characteristics and also regulatory requirements in pharmacy excels the used at present fatty bases (vaselin, lanolin, vegetable oils).
5. Formation of organized structures in polycomplex on the base of high-molecular matrix formations of Na-СМС and UFO determine the increasing of time of water gels stability of polycomplex composites in 4-5 times in comparison with systems of Ma-CMC water gels. Ascertained the possibility of using of polycomplex composites on the base of Na-СМС and UFO as a base for medicinal systems with the direct transport properties and controlled prolonged release of medicinal preparations.
6. First demonstrated the possibility of regulation the destruction of macromolecules of Na-СМС with UFO in the solution. It was noted that in storing the solutions of Na-СМС their viscosity decreases on the account of breakage the oxygen bridge that leads to the decrease of molecular mass of Na-CMC. Ascertained that for stable storage of solutions of Na-CMC as a highly-effective preservative along with hipagin, nipasol can be used the UFO which inhibits the destruction of Na-CMC macromolecules in the solution.
7. Revealed quantitative correlations between the complex structure, its complenetation, sizes of associates and structure of solution. Shown that in the result of self-organization of the systems of Na-CMC and UFO at complexformation in the systems with moderate-concentrated water solutions are formed highly-orientated micro-structures with regulated sizes.
8. The results of conducted research and technological development realized by:
receiving the permission of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan for wide medical use of the developed preparation (Certificate № 01-10, Order № 25 from 28.01.2009);
approval by the «Uzstandart» Uzbekistan and the General Directorate of Quality Control of Drugs and Medical Devices the standard of the enterprise of polycomplex gel base «PCG-1» (TSh 42 - 019:2009 from 24.11.2009);
obtained toxicological and hygienic passport to safety of composite foundations polycomplex «PCG- 1» as a basis for dosage forms approved by the Research Institute of Sanitation, Hygiene and Occupational Diseases MH of Uzbekistan (№ 01/175 of 18.08.2009);
tests carried out in the production association LLC «Galenika» and the pilot batch basis and dermatological ointments (C = 10%) and boric acid (C = 5%) (Acts Test attached from 28.05.2009 and 15.09.2013 and certificate about introduction of SAC «Uzfarmsanoat» № MD-06/1967-1 from 24.11.2014);
conducting the assessment of technical-economic approval for use the polycomplex composites «PCG-1» as a base for soft medicinal preparations. The expected economic effectiveness is 500 mln. sum per year (act from 21.04.14).

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. The increased interest in the development of effective composite polymer materials for manufacturing mechanical engineering parts with improved tribological characteristics, including cotton processing industry, due to the current requirements and defines the prospects of development of innovative technologies.
Raw cotton plays an important role in the economy of Uzbekistan. Therefore increase of efficiency of production of cotton through complex mechanization of all processes, starting with cotton collecting and finishing by its processing, improvement of working capacity and productivity of used machinery and mechanisms with preservation of natural indicators of raw cotton is the main technical and economic task, actual for scientists, engineers and designers of Republic. The problem can be solved by the use of composite polymeric materials (CPM) in manufacturing of working bodies of cotton processing machines.
In order to implement these measures the development and implementation of innovative technologies in the field of composite materials, providing improvement of technological equipment for processing of raw cotton are important and in demand.
Molecular-mechanical-electrical theory, explaining the processes occurring upon contact the material with cotton fiber, is considered to be one of the fundamental to modern material science and tribology. Based on this theory, a comprehensive study of the processes occurring in the "polymer-filler", "polymer-cotton" and "composite-cotton," reveals the regularity of formation of interfacial interaction in polymer compositions depending on the type of polymer binders, the nature, content and structure of fillers and cotton raw, to develop effective antifriction, antifriction wearproof CPM that provide increased efficiency and effectiveness of the working bodies of the cotton-ginning and cotton proceeding machinery.
In this regard development of optimum structures and effective resource-saving technologies of receiving of antifriction and wearproof CPM on the basis of local raw material resources and establishment of optimum technological parameters of manufacturing the parts and details for machinery, in particular, for machinery of the cotton processing industry, is an actual problem.
The research work is in demand and is orientated on ensuring implementation of the Resolutions of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan PP-916 of 15.07.2008 "On additional measures to stimulate introduction of innovative projects and technologies into production" and the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan PP-832 of 07.04.2008 "On program of modernization and reconstruction of the cotton industry for 2007-2011"
Purpose of research is the development of composite polymeric materials that provide the physical, mechanical and tribological properties of cotton processing machinery parts.
Scientific novelty of dissertational research consists in the following::
the regularities elicitated of change in physical-mechanical and tribological properties of composites from the type and content of polymers and fillers. Mineral fillers - talc, kaolin, wollastonite at their optimal content of 10-30 mas. p. improve the antifriction and physical mechanical properties, fluidity of the polymer composition, reduce shrinkage during the formation of these parts;
fiber glass and cotton lint, increase strength properties and friction factor, reduce intensity of wear process, raise stability of composites to thermomechanical influences at the expense of their reinforcing, thus optimum doses fillers in a composition are 10-40 mas. p.; carbon-graphite fillers - graphite and carbon black, reduce friction factor, increase wear process, raise heat - and electrical conductivity, reduce temperature and size of a charge of the static electricity, arising in a zone of a friction of rubbing pairs working structures of machines, thus the optimum maintenance fibrous fillers in compositions makes 5-10 mas. p.;
the considerable effect of strengthening of operational characteristics of CPM was revealed when using the mechanically activated fillers which basis is made by the found specific interactions of polymer with a surface of the dispersed fillers;
effective structures of some antifrictional and is antifrictional-wearproof CPM are developed and laws of change physicomechanical and tribotechnic properties depending on technological modes of their moulding under pressure which allow to establish optimum technological parameters of their formation with high physicomechanical and tribotechnical properties are established;
recommendations for rational use of optimum technological parameters of formation taking into account potential possibilities of increase of resources and operability of materials were developed;
recommendations for rational use of optimum technological parameters of formation taking into account potential possibilities of increase of resources and operability of materials were developed;
optimum technological parameters (melting temperature, specific pressure of injection, form temperature, time of endurance of details in shape, cooling time) of manufacturing of monolithic wearproof details of rubbing pairs of working bodies of cotton processing machinery were defined.
CONCLUSION
1. Physical and chemical bases of creation of the antifrictional and antifrictionwearproof composite polymeric materials, combining in structure fibrous, mineral and carbon-graphite fillers, by detection of regularities of a variation largely elastic strengthening characteristics, factor of a friction and wear from type and concentration of separately taken fillers are developed, including and a mechanically activated condition, and also their synergetic mixes.
2. Optimum structures of antifrictional and antifriction-wearproof polypropylene and polyethylene composite materials (APEC-1, APEC-2, AWPEC-1, AWPEC-2, APPC-1, APPC-2, AWPPC-1, AWPPC-2), providing their best functionally important physical-mechanical and operational properties and, respectively, effective work in the conditions of their interaction with cotton raw in the form of pin workers of bodies of cotton processing machinery and mechanisms are developed.
3. Consistent patterns of change of antifrictional and antifriction-wearproof properties of composite polypropylene and polyethylene materials are determined at frictional interaction with cotton raw from type and the maintenance of fillers. It is revealed that the best indicators on factor of a friction have the polyolefins filled with carbon-graphite fillers. Mineral fillers increase factor of a friction and at the same time reduce intensity of wear process, except for such fillers, as talc and kaolin which have lamellar structure and at which use decrease in factor of a friction is observed. Effective decrease in intensity of wear process of polymeric composites is observed also at introduction of fillers of the fibrous type providing high durability and stability of a material to thermomechanical influence. The established dependences laid down in a basis of development of technology of receiving products on the basis of the developed optimum structures of CPM.
4. The technological line is developed for receiving CPM and on their basis of details of rubbing pairs of working bodies of cotton processing machinery which allows to receive the composites packed in the form of tablets.
5. Results of IR-, EPR-spectroscopy and x-ray researches established existence of specific interactions polymeric binding with organic and inorganic components in CPM. It is revealed that the mechanical activation of fillers (in particular a kaolin, soot, fiber glass) leads to emergence on a surface of various type of the active radicals promoting strengthening of interaction of polyolefins with fillers which regulation allow to vary largely structural and kinetic activity of fillers. Elastic strengthening characteristics of composites with mechanically activated fillers exceed traditional composite polymeric materials of identical structure more than for 15-20%.
6. Researches on optimization of technological parameters of molding under the pressure of CPM are carried out. It is established that formation physicalmechanical and the CPM tribotechnical properties is in direct dependence on technological parameters at their molding under pressure. Thus the most essential influence put melting temperature and specific pressure of injection of a material, and duration of endurance of composition in shape under pressure, time of endurance of products in shape at their cooling and form temperature - insignificant influence.
7. The carried-out comparative tests of developed composite polymer peg details of working bodies of cotton proceeding machines showed that their application increases wear resistance in 1,5-1,8 times, productivity of machines - for 7-14 %, reduces power consumption - for 5-8 %, mechanical damage of fibers - for 0,12-0,28 %, damage of seeds - for 0,16-0,32 %. Economic effect from application of details from antifrictional and antifriction-wearproof composite materials of working bodies of cotton processing machines at Buka cotton plant is 125 million soums (2013).

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. The task of any independent sovereign state is to ensure food security, understand as the ability of the state to guarantee the need satisfaction in essential products regardless of external and internal threats provides normal activity of the population. Sustainable increasing of competitive goods production is the distinctive feature of the present stage of vegetable production development in the republic in the conditions of market-oriented economy.
The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov at the opening ceremony of the International conference «On Vital Reserves in the Realization of Food Program in Uzbekistan» held on June 5-6 2014, has mentioned: «Our forecasts: the production of fruits and vegetables, grapes and melons is envisaged to increase at least 2.3 times in 2020 compared to the year 2014».
Taking into account, that vegetables arc essential food for improving health, working capacity and increasing of life expectancy, the great attention is paid to vegetable production development in our country. The main vegetable crop of Uzbekistan is tomato. Its fruits arc valued for high taste and dietary qualities that is one of the most essential sources of bioactive substances and antioxidants, protecting the human body from oxidative stress and retaining the aging process. In connection with increasing needs of the domestic market and wide possibilities of export of fresh fruits and tomato products there is a necessity to increase tomato production mainly due to yield increase. In conditions of groumd and water resources deficiency the major way of increasing the manufacture of agricultural production is increase of productivity by introduction of new varieties, application of progressive cultivation technology, the use of high-quality seeds. Research developments on the varieties selection, improving cultivation technology of tomato fruits and seeds cultivation is an actual scientific problem having an important meaning for scientific and practical vegetable production of the country.
An important criterion of the research theme relevance and effective tomato crop cultivation is an implementation of decrees of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated January 9, 2006, №UP-3709 «About measures of deepening of an economic reforms in horticulture and winegrowing», dated October 20, 2008 №UP^IO41 «About measures for optimization of field areas and increasing of the production of food crops», as well as the decrees of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated November 20, 2013, №KM-311 «About long-range plan of the production and the use of fruits and vegetables, potatoes, melons and grapes in 2014».
The aim of research. The main purpose of disscrtational research was: selection of highly productive grades, improvement of basic elements of cultivation technology of marketable products and high-quality tomato seeds.
Scientific novelty of disscrtational research consists of the following:
a complex estimation of released tomato varieties and hybrids in the republic and the USA is conducted for the first time in Uzbekistan. Released as an initial material for breeding: by productivity (28-35% higher) Doni, UzMASH-1, Progressivniy, Vostok 36, H-9314, AP-721 Mountain fresh and Celebrity F!; by early maturity (5-7 days) - La Rossa, TSH-3, Glamour, Shafak, Dubok, AP-711, AP-721, Sun 6347, Tyomnokrasniy 2077, Doni, OX-150; Florida 47 F!, PS771297 F! by the bush density - TSH-3, Sun 6347, H-9314, H-9322, Florida 47 F!; by resistance to the complex of virus diseases (65-90%) - Toshkcnt tongi, Surhan 142, H-9314, Glamour, Celebrity F!; by high taste qualities (4.9 points) - Bahodir, Maikopskiy urojayniy 2090, Vostok 36, Atomic, Affirm, Glamour, high content of common solid matters (5,9-6,9%) - UzMASH-1, Namuna 70, Novinka Pridnestrovya, Dony and Progressivniy; H-9314, H-9422, AP-711, TSH-2, TSH-3, Pcto 76, hybrids F! Celebrity, Puebla, BHN 411; by low level of nitrates accumulation (13-20 mg/kg) - Novinka Prcdnestrovia, Progressivniy, Aspirant, Dubok, UzMASH-1, La Rossa, AP-721, Celebrity F!;
a comparative estimation is given by seedling and directly seed sowing methods (April 5-10), terms of seedling planting (April 20-25, May 5-10, May,
20-25, June 10) to grow fruits for grocery purposes, justified an advantage of planting methods of seedling and directly seed sowing methods;
determined optimal growing schemes of planting for varieties and with dense bush Shark yulduzi (90><23 cm) and middle height bush Uzbekistan (70x35 cm and 90x28 cm) at commodity goods production;
efficiency of seed and plants treatment with different electro treatments, compared to growth-promoting factor for the first time;
researches on maternal and ecological heterogeneity of tomato seeds were conducted for the first time in Uzbekistan. It is conducted in aftcraction showed that the most fruitful posterity is given by seeds from the varieties formed at the variety Bahodir on 2 clusters, and the other varieties - on 2-3 main stem clusters.
justified an advantage of the use for local reproduction seeds sowing under conditions of saline soils;
an influence of planting and directly seed sowing methods and terms of seedling planting on the growth and development, seed production and yield of posterity was determined for the first time;
efficiency of early tomato planting on seed purposes arc proven in the central climatic zone (the end of April - the beginning of May);
a negative effect of directly seed sowing method on early maturity feature of the variety was established.
1. On the basis of complex estimation 56 domestic and foreign tomato variety samples confirmed the existence in Uzbekistan and following correlations: the earlier maturation comes, the higher early harvest; the longer the main stem, the more branch crowns on it and the less early harvest; the larger and multilocular fruits, the more delicious they arc and the the more nitrates accumulates; the higher harvest, the less nitrates accumulates;
varieties arc revealed by: early maturation - La Rossa, TSH - 3, Glamour, Shafak, Dubok, AP- 711, AP- 721, Sun 6347, Tyemnokrasniy 2077, Dony, OX-150, Florida 47 Fl, PS 771297 F!, Ultra girl F!; bush density- TSH - 3, Sun 6347, H-9314, H-9322; resistance to the complex of diseases - Toshkcnt tongi, Surhan 142, H- 9314, Glamour, Celebrity F!; high taste qualities - Bahodir, Vostok 36, Maikopskiy urojayniy 2090, Aspirant, Mountain fresh Fb Sun leapcr F!, Celebrity Fi, Atomic, Affirm, Glamour;
the higher content was differ in fruit with: total dry substances -UzMASH-1, Namuna 70, Novinka Pridnestrovya, Dony and Progressivniy; H- 9422, AP-711, TSH - 2, hybrids of F! Celebrity, Puebla; soluble dry substances - Novinka Pridnestrovya, Surhan 142, Progressivniy, Novichok, H-9314, H-9422, hybrids F!
Sun Icapcr, Celebrity, BHN 411; amount of sugar - UzMASH-1, Novichok, MJ-261, Aspirant, Dony, TSH-2, TSH-3, Affirm, Glamour, hybrids F! Mountain fresh, Sun beam; vitamin C - Novichok, Dubok, TMK-22, H-9422, H-9314 and hybrids BHN-411, PS 771297; relatively less acidity and rather high sugar-acid index -UzMASH-1, Dony, TMK-22, October, Aspirant, La Rossa, AP-711, Atomic, Glamour, hybrids of F! Sun Icapcr, Mountain spring;
varieties with low content of nitrates are: Novinka Pridnestrovya, Progressivniy, Aspirant, Dubok, UzMASH-1, La Rossa, AP-721, Celebrity F!, Big beef Fi, and with high content are: Avicenna, Bahodir, Namuna 70, Novichok, Atomic, H-9422, Acclaim, Peto 76, Glamour.
2. The most efficient, resistant to diseases, with high quality of fruits: local varieties - small-fruited UzMASH-1 and Dony, large-fruited - Progressivniy, Vostok 36 and American small-fruited varieties H- 9314, AP- 721, large-fruited hybrids F! Mounting fresh and Celebrity. These varieties increase the yield on 8-15 t/ha or 19-32%, and hybrids - on 10-15 t/ha or on 24-33 %;
In 2007, the hybrid Mountain fresh F!was included in the State Register of Uzbekistan;
use of varieties with the raised content of general dry substances provides increase in an output of paste at 10-30 kg from 1 ton of fruits.
3. For the first time, based on the study of the effectiveness of agroclcctro technologies found that:
efficiency of seed and plants treatment with different electro treatments, compared to growth-promoting factor;
seed-soaking treatment in the water with activated exposure renders unsteady influence on the yield increasing. The seeds ray treatment with UVL+LFEMR with the following seedling ray treatment with UVL - arc not efficient.
Sustainable and effective action is rendered:
a complex influence of seed ray treatment with UVL+LFEMR, seed-soaking treatment in the water with activated exposure with the triple ray treatment of growing plants with UVL;
joint application of seed ray treatment with UVL+LFEMR, triple ray treatment of the plants with UVL;
seed-soaking treatment in the solution of a sodium humate and triple plants spraying with this solution;
application of single plants spraying during blossoming with the Roslyn.
4. Comparison of nonsccdlings and seedling cultivation of commodity fruits at various planting dates shown that:
direct-seeded plants by the main stem height, amount of branch crowns, leaves, fruits and yield concede to seedling, planted on April, 20-25 and May, 5-10, identical with the plants, planted on May, 20-25 and exceeded the plants, planted on June, 10;
most general and marketable yield of Avicenna, Surhan 142 and TMK-22 varieties form with the seedling method at seeds planting on April, 20-25, comparatively high - on May, 5-10;
the largest profit and profitability is achieved with seed planting on April, 20-25;
when reschedule these terms all these characteristics arc reduced, directly seed sowing method on economic efficiency concede to seedling sowing term on April, 20-25, equivalent to planting on May, 5-10 and exceed the later planting.
5. In determining optimum plant density and layout of plants found that:
the larger feeding area provision strengthens the height of above-ground part, especially due to the increase of amount of branch crowns;
most general and marketable yield and the largest varieties of the average tall variety Uzbekistan forms at plant stand 40816 plants/hectarcs with sowing schemes 90x28 cm and 70x35 cm, and compact variety Shark yulduzi - at plant stand 47619 plants/hectarcs and with sowing scheme 90x23 cm. Application of these with sowing schemes provides the most economic effect.
6. In the study of heterogeneity matrikalnoy seeds set following pattern:
The larger and multilocular fruits, the larger seeds they form. The highest yield and seed size arc differed fruits collected from the following brushes of the main stem: biloculate variety Doni - 2, 3, 4; thrcc-fourlocular TMK- 22 - from 1,2, 3; four-fivelocular variety Surhan 142 - from 2-3, multilocular variety Bahodir -from 1-3 cluster of the main stem lateral shoot cluster;
the best sowing qualities, the rapid rates of development and growth of the posterity plants have the seeds received from varieties Dony and Surhan 142 - from 1, 2 and 3 main stem cluster, TMK- 22 - from 1 and 2, Bahodir - from 2 and 3;
the most yield posterity is given by seeds from the fruits collected from variety Bahodir - 2n<r cluster (9.4 %), and other varieties - from 2-3rd main stem cluster (13.5 - 25.1 %);
The use of these seeds, compared to the seeds received from a lateral shoot cluster provides receiving of profit from the varieties Doni - 577.0 thousand sum, TMK- 22 - 389.7 thousand sum, Surhan 142 - 666.9 thousand sum and Bahodir -193.2 thousand sums from 1 ha.
7. Based on the study of environmental heterogeneity tomato seeds revealed that:
seed grown in different climatic zones, under sowing in the central and south zones in nonsaline soils, by germination capacity, rate of growth, power growth and posterity plants yield aren’t distinguished;
in the north zone under the conditions of soil saline, the best field germination had the seeds of local reproduction. They give more tall plants, forming large fruits, higher general and marketable yield (15.2-18.8 % higher);
their use compared to grown in the south zone plants, provides receiving of profit - 224.8 - 299.8 thousand sums/ha, and plants grown in the central zone -517.0 - 674.4 thousand sums from a hectare according to the costs of 2005.
8. When comparing nonseedlings and seedling cultivation of tomato seeds at different stages of transplanting established that:
the largest seeds yield from fruits, the biggest harvest of larger seeds of the tested varieties is formed plants from seedling planting on April, 20-25, rescheduled the terms of planting these indexes arc decreased;
direct seeded crop provides an obtainment of seed largeness and yield, close to seedling planting of the varieties Avicenna and Surhan 142 on May, 20-25, and variety TMK-22 on May, 5-10;
a seed production of all varieties with both methods of growing and all tested terms of seedling planting is cost-effective. The highest profit is achieved with seedling planting on April, 20-25;
directly seed sowing method of all three varieties is cost-effective compared to the planting terms on May, 20-25 and June, 10;
the best laboratory and field seed germination was with growing on the term of seedling planting on May, 5-10, and also grown: variety TMK-22 on April, 20-25, varieties Avicenna and Surhan 142 on May, 20-25, and the least had all varieties - on June, 10;
seed, grown directly seed sowing method and with seedling planting on April, 20-25 and May, 5-10, give plants, not differ among themselves, by rate of growth, growth power, and the size of early harvest;
the seeds, grown with seedling planting on May, 20-25 and June, 10, give plants, conceded in the development on 3 days, having less tall bushes and less early harvest, i.e. growing of seeds at the late planting terms entails the loss of early maturity;
seeds grown by directly seed sowing method, compared to grown through seedling of the varieties Avicenna and TMK- 22 give less early-maturing plants, and variety Surhan 142 - docs not influence on this feature.
The best yield qualities have seeds grown: variety Surhan 142 - with directly seed sowing method, variety Avicenna - with planting on April, 20-25, variety TMK- 22 - with planting on May, 5-10. The seeds, grown with seedling planting on June, 10, give the poorly developed and low harvest plants of posterity.

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. Pelvic masses - one of the most frequent pathologies occurring in women of reproductive, premenopausal and postmenopausal age. Absence of symptoms not only at early, but in the later stages of the disease in many cases leads to untimely identification of pathological process. Adnexal masses in the general structure of their morbidity consist of 14% of pelvic masses, and TFO (tumor formation of ovary) and BEOT (benign epithelial ovarian tumors) - up to 80% of all ovarian tumors.
Despite of the fact that benign ovarian tumors and OTF arc in one code in ICD-10 (International classification of diseases) - D27 “Ovarian Tumors”, their pathogenesis is different, and they make a different contribution to the process of neoplastic transformation and structure of mortality from pelvic cancer. In light of this fact, the most dangerous arc benign epithelial ovarian tumors (BEOT), the frequency of their cancer transformation is quite high, and patients admit mainly in neglected stages.
Demonstrated ability to relapse of ovarian tumors, rapid growth, malignancy, lack of clear understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis and poor diagnosis in the early stages dictate the introduction of additional methods of research and rehabilitation treatment options for patients to relapse, restore fertility and improve quality of life. In terms of malignancy, the most dangerous arc epithelial ovarian tumors, which in consequence may develop into cancer.
TFO and ВОТ transform into ovarian malignancy in 17% of cases, due to untimely diagnosis, which arc associated with high morbidity and mortality, public spending for inpatient treatment that is not only medical and social, but also economic importance for all countries. Mortality from ovarian cancer for ten years in a number of countries increased by 36.8%, i.e. it is every second or third woman with ovarian tumors.
The research work carried out within the framework of the achievement of the set by the Decree of the President of Republic of Uzbekistan "Program on measures for further intensification and increase of efficiency of work held on strengthening of reproductive health of the population, birth of healthy child" 01.07.2009, № PD-1144.
In connection with listed above, problems of identification the causes and searching for new sensitive markers for the diagnosis and prediction of ovarian tumors, including TFO, ВОТ and malignant tumors arc one of the most pressing in fundamental and applied modem gynecology and gynecological oncology for today. Differential diagnosis of type BEOT and TFO especially prediction of these diseases before surgery remain one of the most important and unsolved problems in modern gynecology and one of the important criteria demand the dissertation topic.
Purpose of research is to determine the role and nature of disorders of the immune system in the development of benign epithelial ovarian tumors and according to the results of research to work out methods for prediction nature of tumor before surgery and according to pathogenesis work out rehabilitation treatment, and prevention complications.
Scientific novelty of dissertational research of the thesis research arc following:
comprehensive examination of patients with benign ovarian tumors prior to surgery is carried out for the first time, allowing a high degree of probability to predict the nature of the formation of the ovary for avoiding diagnostic errors in the selection of treatment methods;
results of the study facilitate to determine the role of immune system in development of the tumor process, to examine the nature of immunological imbalance parameters (cytokines), molecular biology (VEGF), and apoptosis factors (P53 and Bcl-2) in the development of BEOT;
it was shown that all kinds of benign ovarian tumors had significantly higher levels of IL-6 and TNF-a as compared with the control group, but they have a lower content than in malignant tumors. A clear correlation had revealed between increasing of an ovarian neoangiogenesis factors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 and P53/Bcl-2 apoptosis factors ration in scrum and tumor tissue. Application of modem ultrasound Doppler studies to examine blood flow in the ovarian formation capsule and identify neoangiogenesis allows predicting the nature of education.
high rates of sensitivity, specificity, the coefficient of asymmetry indices assessment of risk (AR), odds ratio (OR), informative and rank coefficient allow us to recommend the definition of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2, p53 and bcl-2 and their ratio P53 / bcl-2 in blood and ovarian cancer as markers for predicting the nature of formations and possible recurrence of BETO and TFO;
rehabilitation program of operated patients for relapse prevention of formation in the operated ovary developed and scientifically validated.
Conclusion
1. Gynecological operations in the structure of interventions frequency for benign ovarian tumors arc one-third. More than 90% of benign ovarian tumors removed by laparoscopy in gynecological hospitals, which equipped with a laparoscope, allows for conserving therapy.
2. During the last 12 years have seen a "rejuvenation" of the age of patients with benign tumors of the ovaries, which ranges from 20 to 40 years (73.8%). Frequency of BEOT is 32.1% among all benign tumors of the ovary. It is known that epithelial ovarian carcinomas arc at risk of ovarian cancer, so it is necessary to predict type of tumor before surgery.
3. Among the risk factors for benign ovarian tumors in an important place is dysfunction of immune system that indicate the importance of their pathogenetic role in the progression of cancer. All kinds of benign ovarian tumors had significantly higher levels of IL-6 and TNF-a as compared with the control group, but they arc characterized by low levels of proinflammatory interleukin than in malignant tumors. High levels of IL-6 and TNF-a in malignant tumor of the ovaries allow us to consider them as a marker of malignancy and aggressiveness of the dis
ease.
4. Among women with benign tumors of the ovaries increased apoptotic protein p53 and antiapoptotic bcl-2 protein, however, changes in these apoptotic markers disproportionate in scrum and tissues in TFO and BEOT. Changes in apoptosis markers ratio indicates on violation of immunological control and improving the processes of proliferation, contributing to the development of cancer. Increasing the parameters of apoptosis (p53 and bcl-2) in the blood and tumor tissues, and differences in the rate of growth of these indicators in women, especially with BEOT, allow us to recommend them for the differential diagnosis and prediction of complications and recurrence of ovarian tumors.
5. Forecast of the disease is determined by the integral index - the ratio of p53/bcl-2. In this high integral gain characteristic of TFO development, and vice versa, low integral factor for the development of characteristic of BEOT. To develop BEOT also characterized by the presence of high index of VEGFR-2.
6. Determination of intratumoral blood flow and neovascularization in the ovarian tumor capsule by Doppler mapping allows a high degree of probability to predict benign (specificity 92%) or malignant nature of tumor (specificity 100%). Identification of neovascularization in ovarian capsule tumor worsens the prognosis, which may be a sign of malignancy of tumor and indicates preference of laparotomy access to surgery compared with laparoscopy. Determination of tumor marker CA-125 can be used only in combination with other methods of prcopcra-tive examination.
7. Comprehensive examination, including determination of tumor marker CA-125, ultrasound Doppler velocimetry of blood in tumor capsule, determination of VEGF and its receptors VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, p53 and bcl-2, the definition of interleukins IL-6 and TNF-a) can be prediction of tumor type (benign or malignant) before the operation and make a decision on the method of surgical treatment and its volume. In identifying elevated prcopcrativc indicators CA-125, p53 and bcl-2 and the absence of reduction of their levels after the operation is necessary consult of oncologist, to know the probability of recurrence and further observation and treatment.
8. Rehabilitation treatment after surgery helps to reduce relapse rates of masses of remaining ovary. Removal of benign ovarian tumor and conducting rehabilitation therapy helps to restore reproductive function. The cost effectiveness of minimally invasive laparoscopic surgical treatment of organ compared with the traditional is an average of 180 000 sum per patient.

The importance and necessity of the theme of the thesis. The epic poem “Alpomish” is the most valuable monument of the Uzbek people’s ingenious folklore. Patriotism, bravery, unity and creativeness arc glorified in every version of this epic poem listed in the repertory of Uzbek Bakhshi. This majestic epic poem, being the Uzbek people’s national pride, has given every person great spiritual force over the past centuries. Therefore, “Alpomish” is considered to be an invaluable heroic epic poem representing the Uzbek people’s uniqueness and glorifying their historic development. The president of the Republic of Uzbekistan I.Karimov wrote that the Uzbek people, striving to maintain this uniqueness since ancient times, have brought up their children in the spirit of patriotism, gallantry and honour to sacrifice themselves for their compatriots. In this sense the precious gem of national oral works “Alpomish” represents the heroic song, which has been passing down from generation to generation, showing the uniqueness of the Uzbek people. If the Uzbek people’s long and glorious history is represented by the epics, “Alpomish” represents outstanding couplet of these epics'.
The epic poem “Alpomish” depicts the valour of the young men, who cherish honour and consider heroic history of the Uzbek people, their hearth and home, and their calmness to be sacred. Everything that is depicted in “Alpomish” has exerted a big influence on artistic imagery and aesthetic views of Central Asian peoples. In relation with this, definition of archaic plot that had made appearance of plot of the epic poem, illumination of its evolutionary stages from the repertory of local “Bakhshi” and research for their influences on the epics of other nations is the actual assignments for the folklorists.
Historical-typological features of the Uzbek national heroic epics have been studied only in terms of folklore materials of Central Asian Turkic peoples up to the present time. General features of the epics of non-Turkic nations have been examined only in comparison with Homer’s “The Odyssey”. However, researchers have not paid attention to the study of the influence of Turkic epics on the folklores of East Asian peoples including Korean. They have not figured out the problems of genetic similarities and common features of heroic epics of these peoples, cither. Whereas, while the Uzbeks, especially the epic narrators from traditional epic performing school of eastern Uzbek area still perform such ancient epic poem as “Alpomish”, the Koreans have preserved the ancient performing traditions through epic songs, shaman songs and Pansori. One of those great epic poems, which have played an important role in the development of exclusive national spirituality of the Korean people, is the epic poem “Jumong” regarded as one of the oldest model of Korean folk talcs. In view of the fact that epic singers performed this epic poem, it is recognized as archaic model of heroic epics.
Lofty ideas expressed in “Alpomish” have contributed a lot to the spiritual renovation of the Uzbek people just as much as the Korean heroic epic poem “Jumong” represents one of the emotional props constituting the root of development of Korea. This testifies how close to each other the mental values of these two peoples arc. The president of the Republic of Uzbekistan I. Karimov, indicating that South Korea can be ranked among forward nations in such a short period and stating several factors that made such impetuous development possible, writes that the Korean people in the course of building their state have turned into a great creative force, whereas they arc highly appraised for their spirituality1. Therefore, it is important to testify essential characteristics of epic imagery of these two nations and common features appeared in their ancient traditional origins of folk talcs, based on the comparative analysis of the national heroic epic poems “Alpomish” and “Jumong”.
Research on the study of genetic origins of the Uzbek and Korean folk tales will elevate the level of epic study of Korea. Since the researchers, who have studied the history, advancement and law of development of the Korean folklores, consider that the genesis of heroic epic poems ascends to epic traditions of Central Asian peoples. It is necessary to pursue a comparative research of the Korean heroic epics with one of the ancient heroic epic poems of Turkic peoples in order to evolve these scientific views, i.e. to establish academic concepts that genesis of the Korean national epic poem ascends to the archaic tales of “Paleolithic-Asian culture” created in ancient Central Asia. On the basis of comparative study of the outstanding model of the Korean folklore “Jumong” and Uzbek heroic epic poem “Alpomish” it is essential to figure out the history of its origin and law of historical-evolutionary development.
The purpose of the research: The main purpose of this research work is as follows:
to state the historical basis of the Uzbek and Korean national heroic epic poems and their specific features;
to give evidence on the role of shaman mythology in the process of shaping of heroic epic poems and its subsequent development;
to depict features common to the heroic epic poems of both nations.
CONCLUSION
Despite the fact that Uzbekistan and South Korea arc geographically far away each other, and they differ from each other in lifestyle, culture, literature and arts, it is quite surprising that their folklores arc very close. As we have researched the epic poems “Alpomish” and “Jumong” by means of the comparative typological analysis, we could be able to reveal many similarities in these two epics. Our study has proved that the Uzbek and Korean national heroic epics as well as the two ethnic groups stemmed from the same “Altai language family” as well as the common genetic roots share many similar features in the course of historic developments.
Based on the study of the Uzbek and Korean folk heroic epics through comparative typological, comparative historical, psychoanalytical methods and theoretical foundations, the following conclusions have been drawn:
1. The epics “Alpomish” and “Jumong” are structurally composed of five parts: 1) the aristocratic origin; 2) the miraculous birth; 3) the prosecution and dismissal; 4) the manifestation of miraculous powers; 5) the danger and overcoming it. Each of the popular heroic epics is similar to each other in plot structure.
2. We can sec the aspirations and expectations of the people that the heroes should realize in “Alpomish” and “Jumong” through the motif of unnatural birth of the hero. The epic heroes were obtaining new names after their miraculous successes. This means that the heroes became the socio-political subject and an Alp (hero), i.e. his rebirth as a hero.
3. An enormous attention is paid to the motifs of various contests and struggles in the epics “Alpomish” and “Jumong”; the struggle between the brothers, the contest for choosing the groom, the struggle for the throne, etc. All these contests and struggles arc considered the stages of initiation into becoming a hero.
4. Firstly, the interpretation of the motifs of archcry in the both epics denotes the recognition of the hero as a hero and the new naming of the heroes means their “rebirth.” Secondly, the heroes’ victory over their rivals, their election as leaders means the patrons’ recognition of him as heroes who had received education from the saints. Thirdly, the main mission entrusted to the epic hero is to put an end to fragmentation of society. The heroes in the epic poem, who displayed their ability in archcry, showed their relationship with the sun God, i.e. archery showed its superiority over the other. It is a symbol of exposing strength and power. Fourthly, the genetic basis of archaic imaginations expressed in the motif of archcry is related to shamanism in Siberia. Moreover, it is important that the journey into the world of spirits was expressed in the shamans’ view on the mythological cosmogony. It is known that the shamans of Siberia in their travels to the Heaven, i.e. the Upper world considered as the abode of spirits took a bow with themselves instead of a drum.
5. The image of horse is very important in the epics “Alpomish” and “Jumong”. Horse is a zoomorphic symbol of the ruler. The assistants who chose a good horse for Alpomish and Jumong have a particular importance. Firstly, a horse is considered an expression of the force of law in the mythology. Secondly, a horse symbolically expresses cults of both the sun and throne. In Korea the white horse was regarded as a sacred animal, and the Turks counted the piebald horse their cult. Thirdly, the Siberian shamans looked upon a horse as their patron.
6. If the epos “Jumong” is the epic poem about the founder of the state, the epos “Alpomish” is an example of the national epos glorifying the appearance of nation and strengthening of Uzbek statehood. In this respect if we consider the desires and drcams as subconscious feelings of a nation, the highest arts arc reflected in the epos.
7. The epics “Alpomish” and “Jumong” are considered as the epics that could cover all the ancient mythological worldviews of the people. These epics originally appeared in the form of shaman epics and later evolved into the heroic epics.
8. In the heroic epic poems, the represented image was designed to show the hero’s capabilities and to make an idol of the civilized hero. In the course of centuries, the archaic epic mythology or civilized character or the cult of demiurge disappeared and Korean heroic epic became to be recorded and published in the form of short stories and legends. There arc hypothetical views that the first Korean epic songs of mythological imaginations about the founder of the state might be performed as shaman epics. Shaman epic songs that were performed during the cult of statehood ceremony later emerged as a sacred ritual “Gut” invoking the divine ancestors. Then epic songs began to spread in the form of epics glorifying the history of the demi-god and demi- human recognized as builder of the new state.
9. The main hero of the epic about the ancestors who had built a state made an appearance as a demi-god and demi-human. However, the epic focuses more on its human qualities. At first shaman epics turned up and then epics about state founder began to appear. Over many centuries, both the epics were evolving together. The heroic epics appeared comparatively later and developed with shaman epics in the form of archaic epics. However, the heroic epics gradually settled down as chief epos genre expressing the basis of statehood. With the emergence of state, the practical functions of ancient shamanic epics began to fade. Moreover, the events associated with the state construction secured a consistent development for the heroic epos. This hypothesis fully corresponds with the Korean epos “Jumong”.
10. The epos “Alpomish” does not give any information on the founder of the state. However, we become aware of the process of integrating tribe as a nation in this epos. In ancient times, shaman epic songs were performed in rituals dedicated to the cult of ancestors. The shaman’s role in this performance was great. As is known, the shaman was not only performer of epic songs, but also served as a healer. In addition, the shaman as a priest brought good luck to hunters with his magical spells. For some nations, the archaic shamanic practices have been continued and preserved up to now in their folk tales. However, as the lapse of time only the Bard (Bakhshi) became to perform the epic songs. This assertion could be supported by the linguistic and etymological study on “Bakhshi” (Bard) and its genesis. Currently in Korea, male shamans arc called “Baksu”. The etymology of this term is of an ancient origin and is widespread among the narrators in many East-Asian nations, still maintaining its ancient attributes.
11. The Altai epos “Alip-Manash”, an ancient version of “Alpomish”, contains numerous details associated with shamanism. According to the storytelling tradition of Altai, a man could learn from his dream that he would become a shaman (Bakhshi). This motif is the same with the idea to previse through God's prediction that the community concerned will become a state. The second motif is a common imagination about belief in the sacred tree. The third motif of this tradition is associated with “Munojat” (“prayers to God”). “Munojat” has existed in shamanism since Islamism appeared in Sufism in the original form.
12. The epos “Jumong” is closely interrelated with the shamanism of the ancient Turks who resided in Siberia. The first evidence of this motif is to pray to God at the tree depicted in the epic poem, the second is the interpretation of images of animals. Such animals as horses and birds were divine beings of the shaman, which showed the way in celestial journey. Third is the departure of the epic hero from his homeland to “foreign land”. This is deeply intertwined with the spiritual journey of the shaman. In general, the correspondence between the epics “Alpomish” and “Jumong” states the proximity of artistic thought between the Uzbek and Korean peoples and its developing stages. Such proximity could be possible owing to the subconscious feelings of these two nations who aspire to understand the world and the human.
13. In ancient times the ancestors of the Koreans that assumably belonged to Altaic family might reside with the Turkic peoples in Central Asia. In this respect those two ethnic groups could have strong ties in cultural and economic aspects. It would be quite possible that the Turkic nations could have influenced on the formation and development of Korean heroic epic poems. As a result of comparative study between “Alpamish” and “Jumong”, it has been revealed that the narrative structure of the Korean epics and the development of their main motives have a deep relationship with Uzbek oral tradition and epic poems.

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. Comprehensive measures taken by the Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the development of a regional and territorial control and automated creation system of a single information space, focused on the widespread introduction of information control systems based on modern information and communication technologies. In this regard, the development of efficient methods and algorithms for state estimation and control of various functional purpose and is of particular relevance, however, remains not completely solve theoretical and applied problems of wide national economic significance. The development of complex information processing systems and controls, in particular, systems of technological objects, stimulated constant increase of the performance requirements of accuracy. This task is especially difficult in real conditions of a priori uncertainty and unexpected variability of the models and the external environment. Under these conditions the introduction of the adaptation and monitoring of the system carried is expedient in relation to significant disturbance model, which can not be considered as a simple evaluation of interfering factors and which will significantly improve the quality of the system as a whole. Thus, the development and the development of effective means and methods of adaptation of the control system in conditions of high uncertainty a priori in the real-time rate will effectively handle the data of observations significantly improve the accuracy and reliability of information processing and control.
Demand dissertation is characterized by the widespread introduction of modern concepts of automation and control of complex engineering in various industries, including chemical, associated with tasks requiring close attention estimation, identification and management of objects in an uncertain environment.
This research work is focused on ensuring implementation of the Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan the №PP-677 of 27.07.2007 y. "About the Program of modernization, technical and technological modernization of the enterprises of chemical industry", which states that one of the main objectives of the Programme is to improve the technical level and production efficiency, ensuring operational reliability and environmental safety of chemical production by introduction of modern high technology equipment and advanced process control systems.
Accordingly, the solution of these problems requires special research and development aimed at further improving the efficiency of process control systems based on modern information technology.
Thus the practical implementation of these methods of adaptation and control faced with the need to solve a variety of inverse problems of managed dynamics objects. Problems of this type are essentially ill-conditioned. They belong to the class of ill-posed problems. In this situation, the problem of synthesis methods and algorithms for adaptive state estimation control objects in the face of  uncertainty should be considered in terms of the theory of regular evaluation, defining the methodology for constructing stable algorithms for processing the current information. In this regard, the development of efficient methods and algorithms for regular adaptive state estimation process facilities control under model uncertainty and synthesis of computing circuits for their implementation acquires great importance.
Purpose of research is to develop methods and algorithms for regular adaptive state estimation process facilities control under model uncertainty and their practical application in solving problems of automation and control of specific production processes.
Scientific novelty of dissertational research consist in the following:
the algorithms of the regular evaluation of noise covariance matrix of the object developed, based on methods for solving nonlinear functional equations, taking into account the possible undecidability of the linearized system with singular or ill-conditioned matrix, allowing for the convergence of the desired solution, and thereby improve the accuracy of adaptive estimation procedures;
proposed adaptive algorithms regular state estimation control objects in a consistently correlated noise in measurements based on singular value decomposition of matrices, allowing for binding of theoretical covariance matrix of the estimation error to the actual value, and thereby eliminate the isolation process of calculating the gain matrix of Kalman filter from actual measurements;
proposed adaptive algorithms regular iterative estimation of noise covariance matrices of the object and noise measurements based innovation process and secant method that does not require calculation or approximation of partial derivatives, allowing the filter to adapt to the changing values of the covariance matrices of disturbances;
developed regular algorithms of adaptive estimation of the gain matrix of Kalman filter based on the gradient projection method and derive expressions for the error estimates right side of the matrix equation for the calculation of the gain, allowing not made directly solving the matrix equation to estimate the error of his decision;
proposed regular algorithms of adaptive estimation under auto- and crosscorrelation of noise and interference measurements of the object on the basis of approximate methods for solving ill-conditioned or singular stochastic systems of linear algebraic equations which can improve the accuracy of calculating the gain of a dynamic filter;
developed regular algorithms of adaptive estimation of the transition matrix of control objects on the basis of methods for solving variational inequalities in the framework of the principle of iterative regularization to ensure consistency and convergence of the required assessments;
proposed regular algorithms of adaptive parameter estimation of the transition matrix of managed objects and gain dynamic Kalman filter type in a complete a priori model uncertainty, allowing estimation regularize the problem under consideration on the basis of regular methods of minimizing functionals.
CONCLUSION
The thesis is based on the concepts of system analysis, the theory of adaptive control systems, and methods for dynamic filtering solution of incorrect problems developed constructive methodology regular adaptive state estimation process facilities control under model uncertainty.
As a result, the following results:
1. Algorithms for the regular assessment of noise covariance matrix of the object, based on methods for solving nonlinear functional equations, taking into account the possible undecidability of the linearized system with singular or ill-conditioned matrix, allowing for the convergence of the desired solution, and thereby improve the accuracy of adaptive estimation procedure.
2. The algorithms of adaptive regular state estimation control objects in a consistently correlated noise in measurements based on singular value decomposition of matrices, allowing for binding of the theoretical covariance matrix of the estimation error to the actual values, and thereby eliminate the isolation process of calculating the gain matrix of the Kalman filter real
measurements.
3. The algorithms of adaptive regular iterative estimation covariance matrices of noise and interference measurements of the object based on the innovation process and the secant method does not require calculation or approximation of partial derivatives, allowing for the convergence of approximations of the desired filter and adapt to the changing values of the covariance matrices of disturbances.
4. Develop a regular algorithms adaptive estimation of the gain matrix of Kalman filter based on the gradient projection method. The expressions for the error estimate the right side of the matrix equation for the calculation of the gain, allowing not made directly solving the matrix equation to estimate the error of his decision. For the resulting expression can also obtain a priori information about the order of error in the solution to obtain qualitative conclusions about the accuracy with which a reasonably continue to solve the system.
5. The proposed two-step regularized algorithms with adaptive estimation of correlated noise object to obviate the strict dependency matrix filter gain from a priori data. It is shown that the solution of this problem are very effective methods pseudoinversion regularization, l\ - minimization and moderate damage to the choice of the regularization parameter based methods quasioptimality, cross significance and A-curve.
6. A regular algorithms of adaptive estimation in terms of noise autocorrelation of the object and noise measurements on the basis of approximate methods for solving ill-conditioned or singular stochastic systems of linear algebraic equations. In forming the estimation algorithms use statistical shape discrepancy principle, achieve the best possible estimates of the regularized solutions approximate stochastic systems of equations.
7. Develop a regular adaptive estimation algorithms with mutual correlation of noise and interference measurements of the object based on decorrelation noise and interference, and regularization methods for solving operator equations with positive definite matrices and approximately given right-hand side, to improve the accuracy of calculating the gain of a dynamic filter.
8. A regular adaptive algorithms for estimating the parameters of the equation matrices dynamics control objects and covariance matrices of perturbation based on the concepts of time series, allows to synthesize the adaptive control system in a high degree of model uncertainty.
9. Develop regular algorithms adaptive estimation of the transition matrix of control objects on the basis of methods for solving variational inequalities in the framework of the principle of iterative regularization to ensure consistency and convergence of the required assessments.
10. A regular adaptive algorithms for estimating the parameters of the transition matrix of managed objects and gain dynamic Kalman filter type in a complete a priori model uncertainty, allowing estimation regularize the problem under consideration on the basis of regular methods of minimizing functionals.
11. The algorithms of synthesis of control systems dynamic objects using predictive models based on the concepts of regular adaptive estimation under varying degrees of model uncertainty that improve the accuracy of the computation of the vector of state variables and control actions.
12. On the basis of the proposed adaptive algorithms for regular state estimation control objects in a model uncertainty developed adaptive process control system granulation-drying calcium sulfate and phosphate pulp production PS-Agro and evaporation of ammonium nitrate solution. The proposed adaptive control systems allow these processes to stabilize the technological regimes of the processes and increase the efficiency of their operation.

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. The plasticity is one of the important independent scientific directions in continuum mechanics. The requirements for maximal using of strength reserves of materials, reduction specific consumption of materials, optimal designing in more cases depend from presence and account of plastic deformations in structure and are important problem of engineering practice.
Further development and improvement of products in machine-building, mining, aircraft building, shipbuilding, space technologies are connected with introduction of new materials, optimization of structural solutions, which include arbitrary combinations of manifold bodies working in conditions of complex loading. Consideration of inelastic in particular, plastic properties of material allows to redistribute local stresses uniformly along the whole bulk of metal; that lowers the risk of damage, allows to take into account reserves of bearing capacity.
In system of equations for boundary problems of plasticity the physical equations has great importance. These correlations have to realistically describe the mechanical characteristic of material. It should be noted that in plasticity the relations between force and kinematic characteristics do not contain time component, but are substantially conditioned by the succession of loads applied. The requirements of maximal use of safety reserve of materials, bearing capacity of structures, economic efficiency, optimal projecting depends on consideration of plasticity properties. It means that these inquiries are important and demand of practice.
The Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan in number 191 from 04.11.2012 "On safety modes of construction of auto transport vehicles" underline demands dissertation study. It is coming from new problems of the modern technology, where are widely used new material in vehicles working in condition of complex loading and under plastic deformation.
Development of effective methods of design, analysis and search of optimization solutions for strength problems, material-consumption of machine-building products by building determinant relationships for certain classes of multiparameter loading is an important component of solution of the problem connected with plasticity and is in demand in development of modern engineering. The study of properties of the functional of plasticity under multi-parameter loadings, the check-up of physical reliability of the theories of plasticity under different types of loading and derivation of new models of equations of state of the medium - considerably increase an efficiency of calculations in strength problems and present wide scientific problem of both theoretical and applied character.
Development of effective methods of design, analysis and search of optimization solutions for strength problems, material-consumption of machine-building products by building determinant relationships for certain classes of multiparameter loading is an important component of solution of the problem connected with plasticity and is in demand in development of modern engineering. The study of properties of the functional of plasticity under multi-parameter loadings, the check-up of physical reliability of the theories of plasticity under different types of loading and derivation of new models of equations of state of the medium - considerably increase an efficiency of calculations in strength problems and present wide scientific problem of both theoretical and applied character. Hence the investigations of complex loading in strength problems acquire now dynamism and new impulse to development.
Purpose of research is the development of theory of elastic and plastic processes, development of experimentally substantiated physically reliable constitutive relations for partial forms of complex loading, elaboration of numerical approach and algorithm for solution of plasticity problems with account of complex loading.
To achieve this goal the following tasks of research are solved:
determination of quality and quantity character of material properties under different types of complex loading;
determination of the limits of applicability of classical theories of plasticity in description of discussed processes of complex loading;
statement of fundamental non-linear properties of functional of plasticity under different types of complex loading;
building of theoretically and experimentally substantiated determinant relations for the solution of the problems of plasticity under complex loading;
investigation and explanation of the effect of decrease of work of plastic forming of material under complex loading;
building of algorithms for application of offered models in realization in numeric calculations.
Scientific novelty of dissertational research consists in the following: areas of physical reliability of the theories of plasticity are determined in respect to discussed processes of complex loading;
constitutive relation on the basis of experimental study of isotropic metals is built;
an equation of state for transversal-isotropic body is derived by experimental data and theoretical statements;
algorithm for numeric solution of the problems was built and realized for offered model of determinant relations;
convergence of CL-computer method was experimentally proved under different options of approximation of determinant relations;
possibility to decrease the work of plastic forming was revealed and proved under complex loading and the ways to reach it were shown;
method of design was worked out on the basis of offered model with the method of boundary integral equations with practical application for problem solution.
Conclusion
1. On the basis of theoretical-experimental studies the areas of physical reliability of “classical” theories of plasticity were determined for discussed processes of complex loading, which characterize the character of strain of construction material appearing in applied problems.
2. By theoretical and experimental approaches, convergence of the CL-computer method under different types of approximating correlations is proved. The qu-asilinear variant approximating correlations have an alike velocity to convergence with differential correlation for bi-linear loading processes. For loading processes with constant curvature after preliminary simple tension or torque the quasilinear variant of approximations have an alike velocity to convergence for material with strength factor v<0.8, but for material with v>0.8 only under small value of preliminary loading.
3. Fundamental properties of functional of plasticity were experimentally determined on the basis of experiments with different constructional isotropic materials. Approximations for angle of alteration and functionals P and N, also modified approximation for functional a are offered.
4. Constitutive relations, which consider complex loading of isotropic material are built. These models are reliable for plane problems of plasticity.
5. The model was built for the description of behavior of transversal-isotropic body under complex loading; it was experimentally proved that obtained model describes the processes of complex loading.
6. An effect of decreasing of work of forming of material under complex loading was revealed, conditions, under which the work of complex loading will be less than the work under simple loading, are derived.
7. The existence of solution of integral equation and its uniqueness at a selection of new options of constitutive relations was proved.
8. Algorithms of solution of the plane and axisymmetric problems of plasticity by direct method of boundary elements on the basis of complanarity hypothesis were offered.
9. The displacements discontinuity method was realized with the use of hypothesis of complanarity as an approximating relation in plasticity.

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. Currently, liver cirrhosis (LC) with portal hypertension (PH) is one of the leading causes of disability and mortality. In many countries, high viral hepatitis mortality rates and the growth of such LC etiological factors as alcoholism, toxic, and drug induced liver injuries raise this pathology to a higher degree of social significance.
The most severe and unpredictable complication of LC with PH is bleeding from esophageal and gastic varices, which is observed in 20-50% of patients. In addition, mortality rate from hemorrhagic syndrome reaches 30-80%. If hemostasis is achieved without the use of surgical methods, recurrence of haemorrhage develops in 50-70% of patients during a year and in 80-90% of patients - within the two-year of surveillance. It should be noted that 30% of patients with recurrent bleeding will be refractory to conservative treatment, and evident blood loss will cause abrupt hepatic decompensation.
Such high mortality rates cause the necessity of performing interventions aimed at preventing hemorrhagic syndrome, among which the most optimal are endovascular and surgical methods of portal system decompression.
In modern surgical hepatology, active introduction of minimally invasive techniques led to the decrease of interest in traditional portosystemic shunt (PSSh). This trend is also greatly affected by the widespread introduction of radical treatment of LC - liver transplantation.
However, the results of a number of foreign researches show that for patients with functional classes «А» and «В» (Child-Pugh) portosystemic shunting must be still considered as an optional method for preventing bleeding from esophageal and gastic varices, since by efficacy and survival rate vascular decompressive surgeries exceed other alternative traditional and minimally invasive techniques.
On the other hand, the lack of the threat of hemorrhagic syndrome, slow increase of functional liver failure, and often long-term stable course of diffusion process after portosystemic shunting allow not only to reduce the tension, while waiting for a donor liver, but also, within certain groups of patients, to remove the issue about the appropriateness of liver transplantation from the agenda.
From these positions, continuing scientific studies on key issues of surgical prophylaxis of variceal bleeding and improvement of portosystemic shunting results emphasize the relevance of this disscrtational research.
For the Republic of Uzbekistan, during the past years of independence, the development of PH surgery has become one of the priority directions, determined by the great social and medical significance of such an important issue as the treatment of LC. Cardinal changes in the healthcare system, which started in accordance with the Decree of the President of Uzbekistan № UP-2107 «State Program on Reforming the Healthcare System of the Republic of Uzbekistan» from November 11, 1998 and implementing a series of state programs, including «About main directions of further deepening of reforms and realization of State Program on healthcare development” (№ UP-3923, from September 19, 2007), at present allowed to achieve significant results in many scientific and practical fields of medicine. Among them, the improvement of surgical care quality of cirrhotic patients with PH has become one of the objective criteria of positive reforming results.
Observing principles of rigid scientific and practical competition in this field has allowed the RSCS named after acad. V.Vahidov to enter into the circle of the highest rated international surgical centers. It should be noted that at present the center is one of the world leaders in portosystemic shunting experience and achieved results. High level and significance of fiftccn-year cycle of scientific publications, devoted to this difficult section of hepatology, has received the highest appreciation, and in 2010, the CIS Association of Surgeons-hepatologists awarded it with the first prize of the «Annals of Surgical Hepatology» journal.
At the same time in the healthcare and health protection system, there are still many unresolved issues, associated with the increase of the prophylaxis level of complications in cirrhotic patients with PH and, in the first place, the quality of surgical care on the regional and district levels.
Modem systems of prognostic evaluation of the severity of diffuse process in the liver can seriously contribute to the development of this field. Their practical value encompasses a wide range of possibilities: from choosing radical treatment terms up to the dynamic assessment of pathological processes in the liver and objective analysis of the quality of the recommended treatment or performed surgical PH correction.
In this regard, the need to develop the concept of surgical treatment of PH in cirrhotic patients, with in-depth study of received data on the portosystemic shunting effectiveness, optimize the choice of decompression type, individual characteristics of the portal angioarchitectonics and prognostic significance of integrated assessment systems arc considered one of the important criteria of the demand for the dissertation theme.
Purpose of research is to develop the concept of surgical treatment of PH in patients with LC, which is based on the integrated system for assessing the risk of complications and prognostic quality of life analysis in patients after portosystemic shunting for determining the need and optimal timings for live donor liver transplantation.
The scientific novelty of the dissertational research consists of the following:
for the first time in the Republic of Uzbekistan the frequency of the development of variceal bleedings was defined; regions with the maximum rate of this complication were identified; and the spectrum of providing surgical treatment was analyzed;
defined the role of portosystemic shunting in modem PH surgery, its predictive value for LC patients, and competitive perspectives;
the classification of hemodynamic violations of portohepatic circulation in cirrhotic patients with PH, which allowed to optimize the degree of decompression of porto-licnal pool for preserving adequate level of hcpatopctal blood flow, was developed;
basic criteria for forecasting portosystemic shunting were scientifically proved and unified. Integrated programs for defining the severity of the status of LC patients, as well as the possibility for performing planned surgical prophylaxis of bleedings from esophageal and gastic varices, and assess the risk of portosystemic shunting complications, mortality and survival rates, were designed;
basic criteria for forecasting portosystemic shunting were scientifically proved and unified. Integrated programs for defining the severity of the status of LC patients, as well as the possibility for performing planned surgical prophylaxis of bleedings from esophageal and gastic varices, and assess the risk of portosystemic shunting complications, mortality and survival rates, were designed;
for the first time the assessment of the portosystemic shunting impact on the course and severity of the status of patients with LC, which have the risk of variceal bleeding, was conducted, using the MELD prognostic scale. The dynamics of this indicator in remote follow-up surveillance periods after portosystemic shunting was studied to verify survival prognosis and to assess the need for liver transplantation and the potential timing of its implementation;
for the first time, using the special CLDQ questionnaire (The Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire), a quality of life analysis of patients with liver cirrhosis after portosystemic shunting was made. The impact of bypass surgeries on the dynamics of this indicator, which assesses health and postoperative characteristics, depending on the type of portal system decompression, was defined;
a new technique of the ligature dissociation of gastroesophageal collector on the wireframe prosthesis was developed. It is considered the most promising operational tool, when conducting planned interventions in patients with PH syndrome, which underwent re-operative treatment or it can become an alternative portosystemic shunting method, if the latter is impossible to perform.
CONCLUSION
1. In Uzbekistan, the average frequency rate of the development of bleeding from EGV is 7.9 per 100,000 people. In addition, in the structure of the total number of patients, the largest number of patients is from the Ferghana Valley -46.8% (13.1 per 100,000 people). 21.0% (8.4 per 100,000 people) came from Tashkent, Tashkent and Syrdarya regions; 15.5% (8.0 per 100,000 people) - from Samarkand and Jizzakh regions; 6.6% (3.1 per 100,000 people) - from Surkhandarya and Kashkadarya regions; 6.4% (5.7 per 100,000 people) - from Bukhara and Navoi regions; and 3.8% (2.7 per 100,000 people) - from Khorezm region and the Republic of Karakalpakstan.
2. The risk of the development of bleeding from EGV, against the background of progressing intrahcpatic block and growth of PH, depends on individual anthropometric data, hemodynamic features, and angioarchitccture of splenoportal channel, and averages 44.3%, while the lack of specific measures for preventing the hemorrhagic syndrome increases the probability of its relapse up to 86.7%.
4. Under progressive portal hypertension conditions, a classification of the hemodynamic violations of portohcpatic circulation in cirrhotic patients with PH may be based on defining its deficit, using the radionuclide scintigraphic method, and the blood flow inversion degree in the tributaries of the portal pool, according to digital dynamic splenoportography data.
5. The implementation of the standardized approach to diagnosing LC complications and the integrated program, determining the severity of patients’ status, allowed to improve, qualitatively, the primary score of the possibility to perform planned surgical prophylaxis of bleedings from EGV, reduce the frequency of overdiagnosis of the hemorrhagic syndrome risk from 12.0% to 7.0%, and level the frequency of contraindications to operations from 27.4% to 9,6% (P=0,003).
6. The integrated program of the PSSh risk assessment in cirrhotic patients, which was developed on the basis of a conceptual approach to generating a database with defining prognostically significant criteria, allows to calculate the risk of specific postshunting complications, mortality rate, and the survival prognosis with verified methodological accuracy: 85,6-98,3% - for selective shunting type and 88,0-98,9% - for central decompression types.
7. The most progressive deterioration of quality of life (CLDQ) of LC patients after PSSh occurs in the period between one and three years of surveillance (P <0.001). In addition, according to the physical state scale, within more than five years, this indicator, relatively to the control one, is only 55,5 ±
5.4% for selective decompression and 55,1 ± 5,9% - for central PSSh; on the scale of the psychological state and subjective perception of patients’ own health, the indicator is 49,2 ± 5,7% and 46,6 ± 5,3%, respectively. These data indicate progressing of a pathological process in the liver with possible development of decompensation.
8. The comparative assessment analysis of the mortality risk in cirrhotic patients showed that in the group of patients, whom PSSh was planned, the average value was 10,19±0,24 points on the MELD scale, and 7,13 ± 0,17 points on the Child-Pugh scale. This is reliably less than in patients with an absolute indication for liver transplantation - 19,56±0,69 points (P <0,001) and 11,56 ± 0,38 points (P <0,001), respectively.
9. PSSh does not lead to the reliable deterioration of the indicator on the MELD scale (10,19±0,24 vs. 10,94±0,23 points) in early postoperative period, but during the first year of surveillance, this value deteriorates to ll,79±0,32 points (P<0,05), and the survival rate reaches 90.6%. At the same time, during these periods the MELD score value above 15 points (an indication for liver transplantation), against the background of progressive liver pathological process, were defined only in 15.6% of patients.
10. In portal hypertension surgery, PSSh remains one of the optimal ways to prevent bleedings from EGV. The conceptual importance of this type of intervention is determined not only by limited ability to perform liver transplantation, but also by a competitive perspective to reduce the demand for radical interventions in patients with functionally compensated LC.
11 .Allying the developed diagnostic standards and the individual approach to choose an optimal variant of the portal system decompression allowed to reduce the frequency of postoperative liver failure from 18.8% to 9.1% after central PSSh and from 14.3% to 8.3% after selective decompression; the frequency of thrombosis of anastomosis from 8.9% to 2.7% after central PSSh and from 5.7% to 2.4% after selective one; and the frequency of mortality rate from 6.9% to 2.7% and from 8.6% to 3.9%, respectively.

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. One of the key problems of complex measures of anti-crisis program, worked out under the guidance of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov, is - «...In the first turn, further acceleration of modernization, technical and technological re-equipment of enterprises, wide-range implementation of modem flexible technologies. This, first of all, concerns basic fields of economy branches, export-oriented and localized productions. The problem is set - to accelerate the programs of modernization, technical and technological re-equipment of production, conversion to international quality standards; this will allow to provide for solid position in both foreign and domestic market
Conversion to market economy arises in Uzbekistan one of the most important problems - to increasing a competitiveness of cotton product. Necessary condition of its solution is considerably improving the condition of salable product of fiber with optimal quality characteristics; fiber being the basic product of cotton-cleaning industry. So, technical re-equipment, provision of modem engineering and technology, development of mobile, operating and meeting market requirements competitive production - arc the most important strategic problems of cotton-cleaning industry by resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of third of april 2007 year №70 «On the program of modernization and reconstruction of ginneries in the period 2007-2011».
In existing production lines the halt of any machine of the line leads to downtime of the whole complex or to operating the parallclly installed equipment with increased load. The first case is accompanied with free-running operation of coupled equipment (at short-term downtime) or with additional time necessary to clean coupled machines and startup of the complex after the halt. In the second case while operating with increased (above-standard) workload, the quality of cotton product becomes poor and resource-saving of technological machines is lower. All of these testify to reasonability of carrying out investigations on the development of machine units which meet requirements in productivity of machine configuration in terms of compatibility, dimensions and, finally, resource and energy saving.
Competitiveness of output product in market conditions is determined by its quality and cost, specified first of all by expenditures on its manufacturing. In manufacturing of a fiber lowering the production expenses in cotton plants may be achieved due to increase in efficiency, regular work of saw gins and cleaning effect of a condenser. Stability of operation of saw gins and condensers mainly depends on uniform feeding of cotton; here the importance of a feeder is very high. Improvement of existing saw gins and condensers, from the point of view of productivity increase and cleaning effect together with the least energy-consumption on the basis of known technical solutions, has practically exhausted all its possibilities; so the search of the means should be done on the basis of principally new unconventional technical solutions. Here arises a necessity to work out a feeder which will provide loosening, cotton cleaning before ginning and its uniform feeding into working chamber with specified production capacity and provision of required quality of fiber. To fulfill compatibility of machine units of a feeder and working chamber of saw gin in dimensions and production capacity it is necessary to work out a new structure of working chamber. So, development of dynamics of machine units of the processes of uniform feeding, ginning and cleaning of fiber in condenser with minimal energy-consumption presents an urgent problem; this thesis is devoted to the solution of this problem.
Purpose of reseach is a development on the basis of studies of the dynamics of machine units of new structures of saw gin and condenser, which satisfy requirements of productivity, compatibility and energy-consumption and conservation, meeting the requirements in cotton fiber quality.
Scientific novelty of dissertational reasearch consists in the following:
two-drum pin feeder, working chamber of saw gin with seed retractor device and consenscr with pulse air stream; methods and program software of calculation of dynamic processes, occuring in structures of machines of saw ginning have been worked out (675, 2354, IAP 02992, IAP 04037, FAP 00536, FAP 00589);
the regularities of changes of quality characteristics of fiber, seed and productivity of saw gin and fiber condenser in relation to characteristics of seed retractor pipe and pulsator have been revealed, allowing to rationally choose the modes and parameters of machines for cotton cleaning and ginning;
the regularities of changes in roller loading of 156-saw cylinder, seed retractor pipe and screw have been determined, as well as their cutoff rotation frequencies with account of technological resistance in working organs of gin, which allow to choose its dynamic and structural parameters;
mathematical model of machine units “feeder - saw gin - fiber condenser” has been worked out; it provides less energy-consumption and cost price of cotton fiber in processing of cotton.
Conclusion
On the basis of carried out theoretical and experimental study on elaboration of new generation of machines of primary processing of cotton the following conclusions and recommendations were formed:
1. Analytical review of literature and study of machine operation in cottonprocessing industry allow to reveal that according to existing technologic regulations scientific grounds and structures of working machines were developed. But the problem of efficiency increase of the system «cotton cleaning - saw ginning and fiber cleaning in condenser» as machine units insuring significant increase in productivity under least power consumption per the unit of product remains an actual one. Directions of investigations on development of new feeder -cleaner with uniform feeding of cotton into saw gin of working chamber with additional retraction of seed and fiber condenser with inclusion of pulse air stream into technologic cycle were determined.
2. Structure of gin feeder with two successive pin drums and gauze surfaces, covering them, was substantiated; design-technological scheme of operation, dynamic and mathematical models were worked out; differential equations of motion of machine unit of a feeder were drawn. With Gauss-Zaydel method on criterion of the longest pass of cotton along gauze surface and experiments conducted on laboratory-stand device some rational parameters of a feeder. Worked out algorithm and design program allow to recommend the drive.
3. By mathematical simulation of the motion of cotton segments and seeds in working chamber of saw gin it was stated that an assessment of operation productivity may be conducted on the basis of study of regularities of changes of their tangential velocities. Gin structure with reduced step of location of saw disks on the shaft and working chamber with seed retractor device, which consists of hollow rotating cylinder pipe with longitudinal slits and screw, located inside the pipe, was worked out. Rational geometric and kinematic parameters were established.
4. Dynamic and mathematical models of machine unit of saw gin with seed retractor device were built, different characteristics of the system «engine - executive machine» were analyzed. Calculations show that to provide uniform rotation of saw gin, elastic dissipative parameters of a drive.
5. On the basis of the Method of finite elements in the form of displacements, the methods of determination of force, strength factors and critical velocities of working shaft of cotton-processing machines were developed and recommended for engineering calculations. On the example of calculations of new gin 5DP-156 with seed retractor device, design studies in assessment of strength of the shaft of saw cylinder, seed retractor pipe and screw were carried out and it was stated that recommended parameters meet requirements of strength of similar structures.
6. On the basis of the method of linear programming some production resources of machines were calculated; they allow to decrease power consumption and hence to provide resource-saving due to optimal number of machines of different technologic purpose under the best quality characteristics of fiber in length 33,71mm, and output 33,92%. Using the method of planning of full-factor experiment of 2n type CKP experimental studies of assessment of productivity of worked out two-drum pin feeder together with saw gin were conducted and nine equations of regression to determine productivity of operation of a feeder and gin, fiber length, dirt in raw cotton, fiber output and so on were drawn at three levels of saw gin extensions and frequency of rotation of seed retractor pipe; optimal parameters of the latter were calculated as respectively X]=5l,97»52mm and *2=388,4 min1» 400 min’1. Here productivity of feeder in cotton reaches 7000 kg/hour, and saw gin in fiber - 2242 kg/hour, fiber length is 33,71mm.
7. Calculations on estimation of efficiency of application of a gin with seed retractor device in production line of processing of poorly cleaned growth of mediumstaple cotton, show 1,1 kWt or 2,9% decrease in specific energy-content per unit of product (fiber) in comparison with industrial gin - 5DP-130, with experimental industrial gin - DPZ-180 - 0,9 kWt or 2,7% decrease and with the best foreign sample -«Continental eagle» 10,92 kWt or 28,7% decrease. At rational composition of technological succession from transfer conveyor of cotton to bend transporter for fiber bales on one program of processing of 30000 ton of raw cotton per year, power consumption decreases from 480,5 down to 407,7 kWt due to increase in productivity from 12% to 50%, and economic benefit is 96,5 mln.soum.
8. Design-technological scheme and design program of motion of fiber ball on the surface of gauze drum were worked out, rational values of frequency of rotation of shutters of pulsator - 370 min , suction force of fiber - Рвтах=0,245 H and ratio of areas of shutters and pipeline - 0,7 of fiber condenser with pulse air stream were determined. Here minimal mass part of defects and dirt admixture in fiber were revealed at total relative velocity S’=l 1,87 m/s. Worked out algorithm and design program of the dynamics of machine unit of fiber condenser K.VVB with pulse air stream allow to recommend the moments of inertia - 35=0,003056; 36=0,05915 kg-m2; drive stiffness - C/=66,0275; C2=147,63; Сз=113,204; C4=13,518 Hm/rad, which ensure minimal power consumption and non-uniformity of rotation of gauze drum. As a result an additional cleaning effect (13%) is reached.
So, scientific grounds of the solution of the problem of development of machine units of two-drum feeder, saw gin with seed retractor device and fiber condenser with pulse air stream arc considered in the thesis; their implementation would contribute greatly into modernization of the branch of processing of raw cotton and would increase the competitiveness of the product of cotton-cleaning production.

Actuality and demand of the subject of dissertation. The modem mechanical engineering plays the leading part in scientific and technical progress and is base for successful development of all industries and agriculture. In our republic the President of the Republic Uzbekistan Islam Karimov noted that still in machine building by the most important direction in branch specialization must be the development of agricultural machine building, based on producting of the machines and mechanism for cotton complex of the republic: «... Cotton for Uzbekistan is political and economic power, guaranteeing independence of the republic».
The primary goal of cotton-cleaning industries is maintenance of competitiveness of producting at global level in modem conditions of market economy industry by resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of third of april 2007 year №70 «On the program of modernization and reconstruction of ginneries in the period 2007-2011». The major component in the decision of the given problem belongs to the process equipment - to machines of primary cotton-ginning (cleaners of large rubbish, gins, linters, fibre cleaners) which working capacity is substantially defined by durability of the mass itself and main details of their working body - saw disk, and also grid-irons.
Therefore loss by a detail of the service purpose and its destruction in most eases begins in a superficial layer, for example, occurrence and development of fatigue cracks, deterioration, corrosion, etc.
The teeth of sawing disks while in service test variable pressure at significant number of cycles stressing, for example, at frequency of rotation of sawing cylinder n=730 already in current of 48 hours the quantity of cycles makes rev/min more than 2,1 • IO6. Such conditions of stressing the teeth at contact to a variable on weight and density of raw platen promotes development of fatigue cracks in them, the plastic shift and contortion, and presence in a cotton-raw of firm inclusions (a granite, corundum, limestone) causes abrasive deterioration. The grid-irons making the same lattice in gins and linters should have high wear resistance too.
According to the technical rules time of operation and the subsequent full replacement saw disks on the worker to a shaft makes depending on a grade of a processed cotton-raw of 72 - 96 hours for ginning saws, 48 hours - for lintcr saws. In view of that restoration saw disks is carried out crossing (ginning saws - 2, linting saws - 5 times) them for the new size, and also their quantity, for example, in gins from 90 up to 130 depending on updating, the total requirement of saw disks for 98 cotton-cleaning factories of republic is estimated more than 1 mln. for one cottonharvest season. Position is complicated that expensive carbonaceous tool steel U8G is completely delivered from Russian Federation. Reduction of importing this material due to sharp increasing durability of saw disks, certainly, will increase economic efficiency of cotton-conversion because of decreasing cost price of producting - the cotton fibre.
Even through the gained up great experience in development of new ways of increasing reliability of details has appeared not to be demanded in a whole on referencing to sawing disks and for responsible details of cotton-ginning machines the research were extremely insufficient. Such circumstances make necessary and very important choice from the big arsenal of modem means of hardening the optimum kind for the given concrete ease. Well known methods of hardening the teeth of saw disks (electrocontact heating and laser processing) do not solve one a problem of increasing of their durability as as the result of powerful thermal influence on top of a tooth occcrcd a volumetric training and the effect of thermalhardening arc shown. Volumetric training docs not save a core of details viscous and it is undesirable at rcpcatcdly-variablc loadings at a bend because of decreasing the working capacity and resistibility to fatigue failure in operational conditions.
The most progressive and effective method of hardening is superficial plastic deformation (SPD), in particular, shot processing concerning dynamic methods SPD details of machines. Technological opportunities of shot hardenings extends first of all for hard thin details, differing sharp edges. To these constructive scaturcs completely correspond teeth of saw disks that has formed the basis for new scientific and technical decision with the purpose of increasing of working capacity of cottonginning machines.
The given decision of the specified problems provides development of new scientific approaches in the theory and practice of technological maintenance of quality and opportunity forecasting of durability of details on condition of their superficial layer after strengthening mechanical processing.
Purpose of the research is to work out of technological methods of increasing the working capacity of cotton-ginning machines by maintenance of demanded quality of superficial layer of details of working bodies and forecasting of their durability in operational conditions.
Scientific novelty of the research is consisted of the following:
it is worked out the structure-energetic model of formation and algorithm of calculation of technological residual pressure at superficial deformation hardening details of machines of primary cotton processing based on the modem concept, of physics, plastic deformation of metal;
it is developed the method of superficial dynamic hardening in teeth’s fraction of saws in cotton-ginning machines (patent useful for model “Shot installation method of superficial dynamic hardening in fraction for hardening details” FAP 00513, 31/12/2009);
it is established optimum technological parameters of shot processings in sawing disks on the base of experimental researches;
it is solved analytically the problem by definition the factor of restoration of speed к at impact, contact interaction of firm bodies used for thermodynamic analysis in processes of dynamic hardening;
it is offered the method of cstimational of depth of deformation hardening at shot processing disks of the gins, based on the differential equation movement of firm spherical particle in its clastic - the plastic environment;
it is developed the mechanism of formation of high-altitude parameter of a roughness of the strengthened surface at shock deformation processing in fraction of saws;
it is developed the methods of calculation on multicyclic weariness and forecasting of durability disks in the operational conditions, problems based on the analytical decision by definition of intensity of residual pressure.
Conclusion
1. It is worked out the structural-energy model of formation and algorithm of calculation of technological residual pressure o0St in the superficial layer of details of working bodies of machines after mechanical processing.
2. It is established the interrelation of technological residual pressure o0St with a level of reserved (latent) energy Us of deformations which can be defined on one of three developed methods: on the basis of the first law of thermodynamics; on the basis of dislocational representations and corresponding power parities (the theory of dispositions); by means of the schematized diagrams of deformation Oi=f(£j) constructional materials.
3. It is analytically identified the major parameter of contact interaction at impact of firm bodies - factor of restoration of speed к at impact on the basis of a schematization of contact of fraction with a processable material: one-act impact of a rigid spherical firm particle with average speed of a stream u0 under a right angle a=90° with elastic semi-space (a deformable body, including its homogeneous and isotropic).
4. It is received the main correlation on the basis of structural-power model the parities, allowing to define the specific reserved energy Us equal to change of internal energy AU of a superficial layer, and defined on one of three developed methods: thermodynamic, dislocations and a method of the diagram of deformation of a processable material.
5. In work the basic parities for the latent energy of deformation Us on the basis of the thermodynamic analysis of power balance arc received at deformation of a cut off bladed layer by the tool and static methods SPD (running by balls and diamond smoothing). Methods of calculation of the latent energy of deformation arc developed at cutting materials with various physicomcchanical properties and on the basis of the schematized diagrams of deformation of constructional materials.
6. It is worked out the algorithm of calculation of technological residual pressure on structurally-powcr model at shot hardening of details of machines. Theoretical values of the residual pressure calculated on SEM on the basis of the first law of thermodynamics (Oj ost=1095 N/mm2) and theories of dispositions (Oj ost=1061 N/mm2) arc in good comparability to data of experimental researches (o, ost=l080 N/mm2) since difference of the resulted data makes accordingly 1.4 and-1,7 % it is a reliable substantiation for use of theoretical values of residual pressure in forecasting to an estimation of durability and fatigue durability of details of machines.
7. For the first time it is proved, that for a residual field of pressure the first invariant of tensor in pressures is carried out, being linear, i.c. having values axial ox ost and tangential oy ost residual pressure and their intensity o, ost, it is possible to calculate the main residual pressure o, ost and o2 ost- These pressures arc used at calculation on durability in conditions static and cyclic stressing.
8. It is executed the estimation of influence of technological residual pressure on durability (bearing ability) designs at multicyclic stressing and the algorithm of calculation on multicyclic weariness and a resource of work saw disks of cotton-ginning machines is developed. Calculation of fatigue durability is made by means of the theoretical decision of a problem of formation the technological residual pressure at the flat intense condition.
9. From the equation of movement of absolutely rigid sphere (ball) in the processable environment (semi-infinite firm body) at an assumption about a constancy of average pressure of resistance to introduction or average pressure of current (a limit of fluidity oT) the formula for theoretical definition of peening’s depth hn is received. Reliability of settlement values hn is confirmed also by experimental data of other researchers. The basic laws of influence of parameters shot processings of teeth on saw disks on depth and a degree of deformation hardening arc received. Optimum modes of processing arc certain: speed split up o=30m/s; diameter split up d=0,6 mm; time of processing t=4 minutes. This mode provides hH depth of peening up to 0,23 mm with maximal superficial microhardness Hu =4560 MPa and a degree of peening U=33,4 %.
10. It is received satisfactory concurrence for practical use (8 ... 12 %) experimental conditions of manufacture and theoretical values of durability saw disks with strengthened teeth. Industrial tests have confirmed high efficiency ginning saws with strengthened teeth of shot processing. Tests arc spent at processing cotton-raw of manual gathering of a grade of 5/3 selections S - 6524 of humidity of 13,1 %. The increase in durability (up to two and more times) saw disks is connected with the raised superficial microhardness and preservation of a viscous core of teeth. As experiments testify, shot processing practically excludes operation of processing a saw cylinder in a sand bath since under action of a stream of fraction agnails smooth out and transitive surfaces with radius 0,2 ... 0,3 mm between sides of teeth arc formed.
11. It is established, that ginning a cotton-raw with saw disks with strengthened teeth saves well quality of a fibre and cotton seeds. Economic benefit of introduction in manufacture ginning saws on two cotton-ginning factories Tashkent and Andijan regions were made with 80 992.3 thousands sum.

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. As a result of consecutive realization of the program of priority development of the industry accepted in the Republic for 2011-2015 and branch programs on modernization, technical and technological updating of production in the structure of industry the processing sectors play more important role, manufacturing competitive productions with high additional costs.
Thus, the special attention is given to the problem of localization, creation and introduction of the new biologically active compounds used in various areas of the national economy that leads to an import substitution and saving of currency resources.
Along with increase in volume of manufacturing chemical products the important task of the further expansion of their assortment and improvement of quality has been put.
The main role in this aspect belongs to direct searches of new valuable substances, more effective methods and processes of synthesis and division of products, and the ways of radical improvement of existing manufactures.
There is a tendency to creation of the processes using cheaper local raw materials at the minimal expenses of the other reagents.
Development of new technology more and more is based on its scientific evidence, including knowledge of the mechanism and physical and chemical laws of the process. Greater reserves in increase of the production efficiency are available in the field of improvement of the operating enterprises with a choice of the best parameters of the process, modernization of technological schemes and the equipment, and qualified use of by-products and production wastes. In the conditions of an economic reform being carried out in our Republic the set of all these factors gets special importance for the further development of the organic synthesis industry.
Aromatic keto- and carboxylic acids represent special interest for the synthesis of potential medical products, plant growth stimulants, plasticizers, synthetic lubricant oils, dyes in the development of our industry due to the presence of highly reactive carbonyl (C=O) and carboxyl (COOH) groups in their structures.
According to the President of the Republic Uzbekistan Decrees N272 issued on January 31, 2006 «About measures on improvement of plans of agricultural plants protection and the system of measures on supplying with chemical preparations», N731 from November 19, 2007 «About the program of modernization, technical and technological reequipment of the pharmaceutical plants for the period till 2011», and N1442 from December 15, 2010 «About priorities of development of the industry of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2011-2015» development to biological active compounds and their application into industry.
On the basis of carried out works on the synthesis of aromatic кето- and carboxylic acids the conditions of the synthesis of substances with various functional groups, having a wide spectrum of biological actions will be developed.
In this connection creation of scientific bases for obtaining of aromatic keto- and carboxylic acids by oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons and the solution of the problems related to the synthesis of biologically active substances on their basis is the actual task representing both theoretical and practical value.
The substances with high plant growth stimulating effect that increase the productivity of plants and anti-inflammatory activity on living organisms with little harmful actions found as a result of researches carried out in last years on the synthesis of aromatic keto- and carboxylic acids shows the urgency of the chosen theme.
The collected data on the synthesis of new aromatic кето- and carboxylic acids, their derivatives, physico-chemical and biological properties, and also the results of implementation of new preparations into manufacture can be effectively used in this area of the research.
Purpose of research is development of theoretical and practical bases of synthesis of aromatic keto- and carboxylic acids by oxidation of alkylbenzenes and solving practical problems related to the synthesis, and application of biologically active substances on their basis.
Scientific novelty of disscrtational research consists in the following:
by oxidation of 1.3- and 1,4-diethylbenzenes and methylethylbenzenes with the solution of potassium permanganate was found the optimum conditions, allowing to obtain the maximum output of 1,3- and 1,4-benzenemono-ketodicarboxylic and also 1,3- and 1,4-benzenediketodicarboxylic acids, and from the obtained reaction mixture the indicated acids were isolated in individual state for the first time;
carbonyl group derivatives - phenylhydrazones, semicarbazones, thiosemicarbazones, quinoxalones, and disulfide derivatives as well as carboxyl group derivatives - ethers, salts (altogether 45 compounds) were synthesized on the basis of 1,3- and 1,4-benzenemonoketodicarboxylic, and 1,3- and 1,4-benzenediketodicarboxylic acids;
structural, stability and reactivity features of the synthesized compounds with their pharmacological and growth-stimulant activities were investigated;
for the first time, on the basis of 1,3- and 1,4-benzeneketodicarboxylic acids mixtures growth stimulant preparations of ketostim and ketostim-K. were synthesized;
etherification process of 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid with 2-butynediol-l,4 and the condensation of obtained l,4-bis-(2,4-dichlorobenzoyloxy)-butyne-2 with phenylazide have been investigated. In etherification stage of 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid with 2-butynediol-l,4 along with bis-ether (l,4-bis-(2,4-dichlorobenzoyloxy)-butyne-2) a mono-ether (2,4-dichlorobenzoyloxybutyne-2-ol-4) was also found to be formed. Separation and purification methods of obtained mono- and bis-ethers have been developed. l-phenyl-4,5-bis-(2,4-dichlorobenzoyloxymethyl)-1,2,3-triazol (dichlotazol preparation) was synthesized by condensation from the obtained bis-ether with phenylazide, and l-phenyl-4-(2,4-dichlorobenzoyloxy-methyl)-5-carbinol-l,2,3-triazol (monochlotazol preparation) from mono-ether, which showed high anti-inflammatory activity;
from them, a substance of a dichlotazol preparation and its medicinal form in 3% ointment was recommended for the treatment of an inflammation of genitals in medicine and the technologies of their obtaining were developed.
CONCLUSION
1. As a result of oxidation research of 1,3- and 1,4-diethylbenzenes and their mixture, 1,3- and 1,4-methylethylbenzenes, 1,2,3,5-and 1,2,4,5-tetraethylbenzenes by potassium permanganate solutions in an alkaline medium were revealed regularity of the process depending on temperature, concentration of an oxidizer, duration on a final yield of benzeneketocarboxylic acids.
2. It was found that oxidation of diethylbenzenes to benzenedicarboxylic acids goes through the formation of benzenediketodicarboxylic and benzenemonoketodicarboxylic acids. In case of oxidation of tetraethylbenzenes the mixture of benzenetetraketotetracarboxylic, benzenetriketotetracarboxylic, benzenediketotetracarboxylic, benzenemonoketotetracarboxylic and benzenetetracarboxylic acids are formed.
3. Methods of separation of the mixture of benzeneketodicarboxylic acids were developed and the individual isomers of 1,3- and 1,4-benzenemonoketodicarboxylic, 1,3- and 1,4-benzenediketodicarboxylic acids were isolated for the first time from the products of dialkilbenzenes oxidation. Physical and chemical properties of the isolated compounds have been determined.
4. Kinetics of decomposition of benzenediketodicarboxylic and benzenemonoketodicarboxylic acids in nitrogen and oxygen current has been investigated and on the basis of comparison of these reactions rate constants the scheme of behavior of oxidation reaction of diethylbenzenes has been proposed.
5. 45 derivatives of 1,3- and 1,4-benzenediketodicarboxylic and 1,3- and 1.4-benzenemonoketodicarboxylic acids have been synthesized for the first lime and their structures have been elucidated using the modem physical and chemical methods of investigations (1R-, NMR, mass-spectroscopy and X-ray analysis)
6. Among the synthesized compounds were found substances possessing anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and growth stimulant properties and the interrelations of these activities with their structures have been specified.
7. Preparation of Ketostim, an effective growth stimulant of cotton, allowing to increase productivity of a raw-cotton by 10-15% was synthesized on the basis of the mixture of benzeneketodicarboxylic acids. Economic effect from the usage of Ketostim preparation in cotton-growing makes 150-250 thousand sums per hectare.
8. The technology for the production of Ketostim preparation has been developed and created an experimental-industrial installation in the experimental plant of UzCPRl and all the necessary reference documents have been made. Ketostim preparation has passed the State tests and by the Decision of the Presidium of the State Chemistry Committee of RUz it has been included into the list of licensed preparations for use as a biostimulant in presowing treatment of cotton seeds.
9. Optimum conditions for carrying out of the process of etherification of
2.4- dichlorobenzoic acid with 2-butynediol-l,4 depending on a ratio of the catalyst, solvent and duration of reaction have been found. It has been shown that
2.4- dichlorobenzoyloxybutyne-2-ol-4 has also been formed alongside with 1,4-bis-(2,4-dichlorobenzoyloxy)-butyne-2. The methods of isolation of l,4-bis-(2,4-dichlorobenzoyloxy)-butyne-2 from the mixture of ethers have been developed. The process of 1,3-dipolar cyclocombination of phenylazide with l,4-bis-(2,4-dichlorobenzoyloxy)-butyne-2 has been investigated and the optimum conditions of reaction behavior with the formation of l-phenyl-4,5-bis-(2,4-dichlorobenzoyloxymethyl)-l,2,3-triazol (dichlotazol), with an output of 85.5 % have been found and on the basis of the carried out investigations the experimental-industrial technological regulations have been compiled.
10. Drug forms of an anti-inflammatory dichlotazol preparation in the form of 3% ointment and tablets in 0.025 g have been developed and the experimental-industrial technological regulation and TPA for the production of ointment have been made. On the basis of the carried out clinical investigations the dichlotazol preparation in the form of 3% ointment was permitted by the Quality Control Bureau of Medicinal Drugs and Medical Techniques (QCBMD and MT) of the MH RUz for medical application as an anti-inflammatory drug for use in the gynecologic practice.

Topicality and demand of the subject dissertation. One of the most topical problems in the world is the rapid development of agriculture and its needs in mineral fertilizers. Through the use of mineral fertilizers 40-50% increase in crop’s yield on average is provided.
Uzbekistan has a large chemical industry to ensure the needs of agriculture in nitrogen, phosphate and potash fertilizers. In the Republic the products range of enterprises producing phosphorus fertilizers, consists mainly of complex nitrogenphosphorus fertilizers. They are widely used for bringing in with the sowing and fertilizing. The phosphorus fertilizers are mostly effective when they are used just under autumn plowing. Therefore, the development of new technology of single concentrated phosphate fertilizers is an important task.
The complex nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers’ production requires modernization. The fact is that their manufacture is based on the decomposition of sulfuric acid to yield the phosphate raw phosphoric acid. At the same time phosphogypsum as industrial wastes is generated. Therefore, the current phosphate processing, in which instead of gypsum a calcium nitrate is formed being effective fertilizer, especially in saline soils, becomes an urgent deal. Processing of calcium nitrate into the liquid fertilizer as the cheapest form of mineral fertilizer becomes urgent too.
The development of a thermostable form of ammonium nitrate is also an urgent problem of the chemical industry. In Uzbekistan, the ammonium nitrate is produced in quantity of more than 1 million 700 thousand tones per year. Because of the explosions in violation of the safety of its production and storage of the task is stated to create on the basis of ammonium nitrate the fertilizer, preserving its agrochemical efficiency with significantly greater resistance to external influences and therefore at risk of explosion.
The present research is focused on the implementation of the resolutions of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan the №PR-1442 dated December 15, 2010 y. «On the priorities of industrial development of Uzbekistan in 2011-2015» and the №PR-2151 dated March 14, 2014y. «On measures to ensure agricultural fertilizers in 2014 year», aimed at accelerating the introduction to the industries of modern scientific achievements and advanced innovative technologies, the expansion of markets for products based on the diversification of production, increase of production of export-oriented, competitive industrial products based on in-depth and high-quality processing of domestic raw materials, as well as the provision of agricultural fertilizers.
On this basis, to solve the above mentioned problems it requires to carry out new researches and developments, aimed at involving into the processing of poor phosphate raw materials, to upgrade technology of complex nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers, to increase the production of phosphate fertilizers, to expand their range of production, to reduce their costs, as well as to establish of export-oriented thermostable ammonium nitrate’s development.
Purpose of research is to develop technologies for the production of single phosphate fertilizers, nitrogen-phosphorus and nitrogen-calcium liquid fertilizers, thermostable ammonium nitrate by using the Central Kyzylkum low-grade phosphate raw materials.
Scientific novelty of the dissertation research consist in the following:
the optimum conditions of the interaction processes of low-grade Central Kyzyl Kum phosphorites with phosphoric acid gypsum slurry are studied and the technology of the single phosphorus fertilizers was created;
the liquid nitrogen-calcium and solid nitrogen-phosphorus-calcium fertilizers are produced by mean of removing calcium nitrate from nitro-calcium phosphate pulp that obtained decomposition Central Kyzylkum phosphorites with nitric acid. The correlation between the composition and properties of liquid nitrogen-calcium fertilizers depend on the norm of nitric acid and the weight ratio of nitrate ammonium calcium solution to ammonium nitrate, urea and a solution of urea-ammonium nitrate was revealed;
it was determined that the phosphate additive does increase the temperature of modification’s transformation of ammonium nitrate IV —» 111, does decrease thermal effects of modification’s transactions, does increase decomposition temperature on 29-39°C, does reduce crystal sizes of fertilizer’s granules, as the result the thermal stability of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer does increase;
the technology of novel fertilizers containing of assimilable forms of P2O5 and CaO on the basis of introduction of various types of high calcareous Central Kyzylkum phosphorites into ammonium nitrate melt was created.
Conclusion
The thesis contains the solution of very relevant scientific and technical problems in the field of chemistry and chemical technology of mineral fertilizers, laying a theoretical and applied research, ensuring development of resource-saving technology for new types of single phosphorus, nitrogen-phosphorus and liquid nitrogen-calcium fertilizers based on complex processing of the Central Kyzylkum phosphorites.
The main scientific and practical results obtained in the performance of the thesis are as follows:
1. The study of graphoanalitical analysis of CaO^Os-SOs-fTO and CaO-P2O5-N2O5-H2O systems has theoretically proved the process of interaction between the Central Kyzylkum phosphorites with phosphoric acid-gypsum pulp and nitric acid with reduced norm. New scientific evidence obtained allows to justify and to predict the flow conditions and processes of single nitrogen-phosphorus-calcium fertilizers during the processing of Kyzylkum phosphorites and to find optimal compositions.
2. The interaction between different types of the Central Kyzylkum phosphorites and a phosphoric acid gypsum pulp obtained by the decomposition of washed calcined concentrate with sulfuric acid, in the range of mass ratios PAGS:PR = 100 : (25-70) was investigated. Ratios and concentrations limits of the reactants involved in the process were established. It is shown that the optimal ratio of PAGS:PR is 100 : (25-30), in which single fertilizer with a maximum content of digestible and water-soluble form of P2O5 and CaO can be obtained. To improve the marketable properties of the product in sulfo-calcium phosphate slurry it is recommended to add the sour runoff - absorption solution of EPA production.
3. The advanced technology of nitrogen-phosphorus-calcium containing and liquid nitrogen-calcium fertilizer production by partial release of calcium nitrate from ammoniated nitrogen-calcium phosphate slurry by various options was developed. Il is shown that in the proposed NPCa fertilizers content of P2O5 is 7-10% higher than in NCPF (nitrofos), which is produced at JSC «Samarkandkimyo».
The studies have been conducted on the processing of NACS, which is the liquid phase of nitrogen-calcium phosphate slurry, in various marks of LNCF. The different composition of LNCF was obtained with evaporation method of NACS and neutralization with ammonia depending on the norm of nitric acid. And by adding ammonium nitrate, urea and CAN solution to NACS a wide range of LNCF with high nitrogen content was obtained.
4. The possibility of obtaining of NPF on the basis of interaction of different types of the Central Kyzylkum phosphorites with a melt or concentrated solution of AN was studied. The kinetics of decarbonization and activation of ordinary phosphorite flour in AN melt were studied. It is shown that a high degree of decarbonization and activation of phosphate raw materials in NPF observed after 20 minutes of initial regents’ interaction. It was found out that the introduction of phosphate additives into ammonium nitrate significantly increases the hardness of granules, i.e. on average for 2.0-5.5 times. Adding phosphorite powder to an amount of 5% in terms of P2O5 to AN melt reduces porosity of its granules from 9.15 to 7.08%. Caking of NPF containing 3.0-5.04% P2O5 is 1.71-1.87 kg/cm2 that 2.5-2.7 times less than the net AN caking.
5. The effect of phosphate additives on the modificational conversions of ammonium nitrate was studied. Determined that for AN transformation temperature IV—>111 is 44.8°C, and with the addition of phosphate raw materials in the amount of 1.05-5.04% P2O5 to AN the temperature of this transformation increases from 53.7 to 56.6°C. This reduces the melting temperature and crystallization of AN. Rising the transition temperature IV —> 111 contribute to the preservation of high strength and to reduction of NPF granules caking during transport and storage in hot climates.
Thermal effects of modificational transitions of NPF were defined. It is shown that their values are much lower than the initial AN’s heat of transition. Consequently, they occur with minimal thermal effects and the additive has an inhibitory effect on modificational transformation and at the transition points of transformation does not proceed until the end, and that helps to reduce the level of granules’ destruction, sealing their structure and thus the preservation of increased strength.
6. It was shown that when AN is heated the phosphate additives have beneficial buffering action and stabilize its pH value. The temperatures of the beginning of their decomposition and energy of their activation process were determined. It was found out that the onset temperature of thermal decomposition of the AN as part of NPF compared to net AN depending on the amount of phosphorite additives, increased from 29 to 39°C. It is shown that the activation energy of NPF decomposition, containing from 1 to 5% P2O5 varies between 46.6-51.6 kcal/mol, which is 4.7-9.7 kcal/mol higher than the activation energy of pure AN decomposition. This indicates a significant increase in thermal stability of phosphatized AN.
Conducted electron-microscopic study of micro-structures of NPF granules shows that the phosphate additive reduces the size of ammonium nitrate crystals. Phosphorite settles into the pores and microcracks, filling them, forming a more perfect surface and internal structure of the NPF granules.
By conducting of pilot tests in the workshop number 3 at JSC «Navoiazot», the losses of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen at release of developed nitrogenphosphorus fertilizer were identified. Losses per 1 t of NPF were: in the form of NIL - 0.52 kg/t, and in the form of NH4NO3 - 0.41 kg/t, i.e. overall loss at the mixing and granulation stage of NPF in terms of nitrogen amounted to 0.572 kg/t which is the allowable value.
7. Physicochemical and rheological properties of solutions, pulps and melts which were formed at various stages of technological process of the Central Kyzylkum phosphorites processing were determined. With the use of X-ray methods and 1R spectroscopic analysis the salt composition of the products was established, also the physicochemical and product properties of single, nitrogenphosphorus and NPCa fertilizers were studied.
8. Based on the results of the laboratory experiments, data of tests carried out at the model installation and at a pilot works the technological scheme was designed and material balance of production of singles, nitrogen-phosphorus, NPCa and liquid nitrogen-calcium fertilizers was composed. The results of the physical, chemical and applied researches on the decomposition of the Central Kyzylkum phosphorites with phosphoric acid-gypsum pulp formed the basis for the development of technology for single-phosphorus fertilizer, which has been successfully tested at JSC «Ammofos-Maxam» with the release in 2009 of 60 tons, and in 201 1, 100 tons of a new type of fertilizer. Production technology of NPF based on ammonium nitrate melt and the Central Kyzylkum phosphorite flour is implemented at JSC «Navoiazot». Since the beginning of 2009 to the present time more than 300 thousand tons of new type of NPF in the amount of 165 billion soums were produced.
9. Technical and economic calculations were fulfilled for the single, NPCa and liquid nitrogen-calcium fertilizers. In organizing the production of single phosphorus fertilizer the norm of sulfuric acid per 1 ton of 100% P2O5 compared to the production of suprefos reduced to 30-35%. Wholesale price of granular NPCa fertilizer is 565511 soums compared to NCPF on 118643 soums cheaper. Wholesale price of LNCF, which is obtained with the addition to NACS ammonium nitrate and urea is 192722 and 285548 soums respectively. With the release of 100 thousand tons of NPF per year only due to the absence of special protection and support more than 2 billion soums are saved.
10. Agrochemical tests of derived fertilizers at cotton plants’ fields in the microlysimetric, pushed plot and field conditions were held. These results indicate that the efficiency of the developed agrochemical fertilizers is close to the efficiency of mixtures of traditional fertilizers with an equivalent amount of nutrients.

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. Bronchial asthma (BA) is one of the most common and serious diseases, which in the world suffer from 3 to 12% of the child population of the globe. Proportion of adolescents with asthma, is one third of all children with this disease. High prevalence of asthma in the numbers of teenagers, characteristics of the disease, age-related aspects of the functioning of the endocrine and immune systems of teenagers that cause difficulties which arise in the course of the diagnostic process, highlight the need to find innovative approaches to diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
It is known that the key immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of the vast majority of AD cases is real and indisputable fact. Currently, considerable interest to researchers involved in the pathogenesis of positions of allergic diseases, especially asthma, along with IL-4 and IL-13 causes a number of other (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-5, INF-a and INF-y) immunoregulatory cytokines.
Genetic predisposition plays an important role in the development of allergic diseases. Currently available data on the relationship with asthma and associated with disease symptoms polymorphism approximately 150 genes. Important role as the main contender for the predisposition to asthma gene is a gene encoding flchain of high affinity receptor IgE. Interaction elevated levels of antigen-specific IgE with FceRip plays a central role in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Particularly attractive candidate gene asthma is also one of the enzyme genes biotransformation - GSTirl, encoding glutathione S-transferase and л1 express almost exclusively in the pulmonary tissue. This gene is located at the locus 11 ql 3, for which repeatedly shown clutch with atopic symptoms. Accumulated in the literature say about the relationship of gene polymorphism FceRI, GSTnl with different allergic diseases.
From this perspective, the study of immunological and genetic mechanisms of the pathogenesis of this disease for the construction of rational treatment and prevention emphasizes the relevance of this thesis research.
From the earliest days of independence, the country has successfully implemented state programs aimed at reforming the health care system. As a result, the targeted implementation of organizational health and research activities aimed at effective diagnosis, prevention and treatment of asthma among adolescents, with some success in the treatment of this disease in the country. However, now the problem of early diagnosis and the development of effective programs for treatment and prevention among adolescents with asthma remain one of the most important issues of modern health care. This research work was carried out in the framework of the tasks set by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On additional measures to improve the health of women and the younger generation," dated 25.01.2002 for the №32. In this regard, the need to deepen the information received about the state of cellular and humoral immunity among adolescents, asking pathogenetic informative immunogcnctic studies in asthma arc one of the important criteria demand the dissertation topic.
Purpose of research is study the immunological and genetic mechanisms of the pathogenesis of asthma in adolescents and form the basis of this plan rational diagnostic and therapeutic measures in this pathology.
In To achieve this goal the following tasks of research is solved:
to establish the clinical course of asthma in the population of adolescents living in the Samarkand region, in the early stages of the pathological process in the bronchopulmonary system.
explore the features of the state of cellular and humoral immunity, as well as activation markers in asthma in adolescence by determining the immunophenotype of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood.
to examine the level of production of immunorcgulatory cytokine interleukin-6 and interfcron-y and install them pathogenetic informative in asthma among adolescents.
to determine the features of distribution of allele and genotype frequencies of polymorphic variants of genes and FceRip GSTnl population Uzbek people with asthma, compared with the healthy part of the population.
examine the clinical and immunological aspects effectiveness of therapies using drugs and polioksidony tsikloferon in patients with asthma in adolescence.
on the basis of studies to develop a multivariate model of formation of bronchial asthma and develop an optimal algorithm for the diagnosis, treatment, prevention in adolescents with this pathological condition.
Scientific novelty of dissertational research consists in the following:
proposed introduction to the work of doctors teen clinics layered approach testing can significantly improve the detection rate of asthma in adolescence and optimize treatment and preventive measures in high-risk groups;
first defined the peculiar characteristics of the quantitative parameters of the immune status of patients with asthma in the cohort of adolescence and the corresponding proposed regulations and guidance documents for the healthy part of the adolescent population;
for the first time presents a comprehensive assessment of the cytokine profile of blood serum in bronchial asthma in adolescents. Specific features of products immunorcgulatory cytokines IL-6 and INF-y and their pathogenetic and regulatory information content in asthma among adolescents;
first analyzed the distribution of alleles and genotypes of polymorphic gene variants and gene FceRip GSTirl among patients with different phenotypic variants of AD and healthy individuals of Uzbek nationality, which resulted in the identified markers of increased risk or, conversely, resistance to the development of asthma in adolescents Uzbek ethnicity;
algorithms for phase diagnosis, treatment and prevention of asthma in adolescence in terms of disclosure of important moments of the pathogenesis of the disease, allowing to build a rational sequence of diagnostic search, aimed at verifying the diagnosis and expedient construction of preventive measures.
Conclusion
1. Set the frequency of occurrence of the disease and the structure of "asthma" in the arid zone among teens. Said pathology is recorded in 9,6% of the population surveyed adolescents, while the disease is more common among females. In the structure of the disease prevails periodical exposure and mild persistent form.
2. Identified by clinical features of asthma among adolescents living in the arid zone, indicate a high frequency of lesions of the bronchial tree association with allergic processes in other organs and tissues: in 73,9% of the AR, 53,7% with AK. 16,6% with BA and 14% with urticaria/angiocdcma.
3. Found that in the study population of patients with asthma adolescence occur expressed disturbances of the immune status, manifested deficit indicators as cell (CD3‘, CD4+, CD8 , CD16+), and humoral immunity (CD19 , IgA, IgG, IgM) and activation markers (CD23+, CD95). The immune status of patients with asthma in young people, adolescence has distinctive features, the depth of detected violations immunoreactivity was most pronounced in the younger age group.
4. In patients with bronchial asthma in adolescence revealed distinct changes in cell-cell interactions in the immune system: a significant increase in the content of Th2-cclls secreted IL-6 is a regulator of maturation of antibodies and immunoglobulin production itself, and vice versa reducing regulator activity of Th 1-cell cytokine INF-y.
5. It was found that the contents of cytokines IL-6, INF-y and in the peripheral blood is in communication with one pathogenic disease. It is shown that the lowest level of INF-y production in the scrum is characteristic of allergic clinical pathogenic variant asthma in adolescence. Adolescents suffering from predominantly infectious form of asthma, there is a sharp trend towards increased production of IL-6 in peripheral blood.
6. Revealed that markers of increased risk of allergic forms of asthma in adolescents Uzbek ethnicity arc genotype FceRip-109T/T allele FceRip-109T, low-risk markers - FcsRip-109C/C and allele Fc£Rip-109C. A high degree of cohesion genotype FcsRip-109T/T allele and FcsRip-109T with hereditary burden of asthma in the Uzbek population.
7. Among females ethnic Uzbek Association revealed lie-105 allele and genotype Ilc-105/Ilc-105 polymorphic gene locus GSTkI at high risk for asthma. Revealed that the genotype associated with the development Ilc-105/Ilc-105 allergic form of asthma in adolescents Uzbek population.
8. Complex therapy with adolescents’ patients with asthma ciklofcron and polyoxidonium, providing immunocorrective effect, enhances the clinical efficacy of basic therapy. In the study of prophylactic efficacy of immunomodulators positive indicators prevailed in the group of patients receiving polioksidony, necessitating its inclusion in the priority scheme of integrated treatment and prevention of asthma in adolescents.

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. According to the Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan PQ-1442 «On the priorities of development of industry of Uzbekistan in 2011-2015» from December 15, 2010 rising of industrial manufacturing efficiency is overriding problem. Thereby, the consistent decrease of manufacturing costs and the cost value of semiconductor high-power devices (voltage suppressors, high-frequency rectifier diodes) which are manufactured by JSC «FOTON», provides for studies, aimed at improvement of their parameters and reliability as well as technological optimization, are the most important pre-requisites facilitating increase in competitiveness of manufactured devices and ensuring existing markets and new markets.
In the field of the protection of electronic equipment and prevention of failure of electrical equipments by pulse overvoltages among scientists of leading foreign countries USA, Canada, Holland and Japan tasks of research and development of high-voltage suppressors, as well as stabilizing devices based on power diodes are demanded.
These power diodes are widely used in power conversion devices, power supply systems and industrial process control systems. For their manufacturing diffusion technology of doping of silicon with boron and phosphorus is used, which is widely used for the manufacture of high-voltage diodes. However regarding the low-voltage voltage suppressors does not allow to get low differential resistance which can be obtained using the impurity providing a dramatic difference of the carriers concentration at the boundary of the p-n junction. Solving this problem requires new physical approaches that enable to obtain the high-concentration source - diffusant, which can be manufactured by use of arsenic. Moreover the efficiency of the power diodes is determined by the sharpness of the characteristics at breakdown voltages and nominal coefficient of suppression. In operating mode, power diodes under the influence of powerful pulses generate heat and their optimization is possible based on the physical analysis of heat transfer throughout the length of the structure, including the contact areas.
The demand of dissertation is derived from the need to implement advanced technologies, devices for grading and protection of electronic equipment, improve withstand impulse power that is associated with tasks requiring a focused approach to problems of reduction the technological failures and increase reliability, extend the scope of applications of power diodes, and reduce dynamic power losses.
This dissertation aimed at development of the manufacturing technology of low-voltage voltage suppressors with small scatter of the breakdown voltages and low differential resistance in both forward and reverse directions, development of radiation technology providing optimization of the breakdown voltage, increasing performance and improvement of quality of high-frequency diode.
At the same time, in a number of cases, these devices themselves need in protection from unexpected increase of current in circuit, which requires development of current limiters with characteristics reversible after influence of pulse of current. Based on the abovementioned, it is timely and actual to study in a comprehensive way both parameters of selected samples under research, and physical aspects of the production technology (for example, diffusion and radiation methods), aimed at design and technology optimization at manufacturing of the selected objects under research and, hence, obtaining optimal combi-nation of their parameters, including those related to radiation hardness requirements.
Purpose of research is development of optimized diffusion technology aimed at obtaining silicon diode structure with reduced differential resistance and enhancement of quality and reliability of high-frequency rectifier diodes and voltage suppressors under radiation.
Scientific novelty of disscrtational research consists in the following:
for the first time, technology is developed for manufacturing of low-voltage suppressor (less than 7 V) based on silicon p -n - structures doped with arsenic to apply for protection of power supply units;
for the first time, the method was developed for obtaining high-power silicon rectifier-suppressor diodes (10A) based on silicon p -p-n-n -structures with effective heat-removing contacts, which can be applied as rectifier, suppressor and blocker diodes;
the method is developed for obtaining stable to temperature ohmic contact to high-power diode with p -p-n-n -junction composed of three layers, one of which is tungsten and two others are silver layers, annealed at 450 “C, and copper disk galvanically covered with silver is selected as a heat-removing compensator;
universal double-generator method is developed to measure voltage suppressor characteristics with three times lower errors compared to those for singlegenerator method;
for the first time, current limiter with controlled operation current is designed based on gallium arsenide and contains first type conductivity semiconductor base, second type conductivity thin layer with two ohmic contacts located at some certain distance from each other and supplied with output electrodes;
the method is developed to determine voltage limitation efficiency via diode’s resistance dependence on reversed current density in the region of breakdown in a wide range of voltage values;
heat models are developed based on heat transfer and heating ofp-n-]unction when it is connected and pulse voltage is applied, assuming that the junction is heat potential and heat flow generator;
technological method is developed aimed at determination of appropriate irradiation mode, allowing optimal combination of voltage suppressor and high-frequency diodes parameters;
for the first time, protection device for electronic equipment is designed with option to indicate instant of voltage suppressor failure.
CONCLUSION
1. Low-voltage suppressors manufacturing technology is developed based on lube diffusion from high-concentrated arsenic source ensuring low deviation in breakdown voltage and low differential resistance.
2. The method is developed to obtain high-adhesive and heat dissipating oh mic contact to silicon high-power diodes. This methods includes spraying of tungsten and silver thin (0.1-Ю.З pm) layers on both surfaces ofp-n-yunction plate, and their consequent alloying with silver-plated copper heat compensator. This contact is used in developed blocking diode, which prevents failure of occasionally blocked unit of power station.
3. The method is developed for early stage rejection of voltage suppressors before installing them in casing by means of newly introduced parameter «efficiency coefficient», which is based on voltage suppressor resistance dependence on current in the breakdown mode.
4. The voltage suppressor heat model is developed to calculate and implement optimal sizes of crystal heat-removing compensators, to determine location of its active region relatively to the ohmic contacts, and, based on its characteristics, to describe it as temperature voltage generator and heat flow generator.
5. The improved double-generator method is developed to measure voltage limitation in high-power (pulse currents exceed dozens of Amperes) voltage suppressors, which can be used in measurements of reverse voltage and pulse component formed by current generator. Total measurement error occurs to be -2%, w hich is three times less than that of known single-generator method.
6. The unit for electronic equipment protection is developed based on voltage suppressor, providing automatic connection-disconnection of consumers in case of circuit overload.
7. The radiation technology is developed to optimize life-time of minority charge carriers and reverse resistance recovery time, breakdown voltage in high-frequency rectifier diodes and voltage suppressors.
8. Technological methods for calculation of reverse current and direct voltage drop, as well as volume charge layer thickness are developed to allow determination of optimal junction characteristics of high-frequency diodes related to gamma and electron irradiation dose.
9. Gallium arsenide based current suppressor is designed for low-voltage suppressor protection with reversible breakdown up to 14 V.
10. Results obtained in this dissertation related to voltage suppressor manufacturing technology and pulse parameters study methods are implemented in production at JS “FOTON”.

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. At the present stage of development there is a distinct steady growth in consumption of motor fuels in Uzbekistan, which necessitates the use of alternative raw material resources and efficient use of conventional oil resources for their production.
Alongside with this, the emerging worldwide trend of gradual depletion of oil stock, increase in share of heavy crude oils in hydrocarbon processing output, strengthening of requirements to operational and environmental characteristics of motor fuels dictates the need to find alternative energy resources for expansion of motor gasoline and diesel fuel production.
It should be noted that, until now, there has been no in-depth research of specific features of gasoline and diesel fuels production using plant materials, byproducts of oil refining and chemical industries as fuel additives, heavy crude oils processing for maximum extraction of motor fuel components in terms of physical-chemical mechanics of oil dispersion systems; there is virtually no experience of extraction and ways of use of oil shale tars of the republic deposits as alternative sources of fuels.
Availability of huge capacity for methanol production makes it important to conduct integrated studies on production of gasoline-methanol fuel mixtures with improved environmental characteristics. The ethanol resources available in the country and opportunities to obtain biobutanol make it relevant and actual to conduct research and development of effective gasoline additives on their basis.
The resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan «Program of action for environmental protection of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2008-2012» of 19.09.2008 №212 seeks rational and complex use of oil and gas condensate, including heavy oil resources, the introduction of clean and resourceefficient technologies, including technologies for use of renewable energy sources.
The tendency for increase in share of processing of composite oil-gas condensate stock necessitates the revision of the existing and development of new technological solutions for the selection of optimum composition of mixtures of heavy oil and gas condensate with a view to ensure maximum extraction of light fractions in the course of processing based on the theory of controlled phase transitions in oil dispersion systems with estimation of criteria for determination of optimum ratios of raw components in composite materials.
Uzbekistan possesses huge oil shale reserves. Similar origin of organic substances of oil shale, the similarity of their composition to that of oil stock makes it topical to study the methods for separation of organic components of oil shale and development of ways for their conversion into motor fuel components.
Demand of the subject of dissertation lies in development of scientific and technological bases for motor fuels production with involvement of local plant materials, products of secondary oil processing, optimization of joint processing of heavy crude oils and gas condensates with directional regulation of yield of light fractions, development of methods for use of non-conventional sources of raw materials for production of fuel components, improvement of operational and environmental characteristics of motor fuels
Purpose of research is development of the scientific and technological bases for gasoline and diesel fuel production on the basis of local raw material resources.
Scientific novelty of dissertational research consists in the following:
It has been established that gasoline-methanol mixtures up to 5% methanol content make no corrosive attack on «valve-seat» sections of gasoline injectors, rubber seal rings and aluminium materials, and usage of such mixtures results in reduction of hazardous emissions - carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (CH) up to 40-45%;
It has been found that involvement of biobutanol in gasoline-methanol and gasoline-ethanol mixtures in quantity comparable to methanol and ethanol content increases the permissible quantity of residual water in the mixture to ensure the predetermined cloud point temperature by more than 60% relative and 150% relative, respectively;
there has been developed the histograms of dependence of gasoline octane number maintenance by means of replacement of monomethylaniline with methanol and ethanol, and it was found that 5% of methanol reduces monomethylaniline content in gasoline by 35% relative, 7% ethanol - by 40% relative;
there has been developed a method for diesel fuel production with involvement of by-products of secondary refining processes and proposed dependence criteria for determining their limit content in fuel composition;
there has been determined the specifics of refining of heavy oils of Surkhandarya deposits in mixture with gas condensate in terms of physicochemical mechanics of oil dispersion systems. It is found that more than 30% content of gas condensate and more in mixtures causes increase in yield of light fractions up to 4% compared to the yield, calculated according to the rule of additivity;
there has been determined the optimum condition for extraction of oil shale tars in the course of their processing: pyrolysis temperature - 550°C, pyrolysis temperature retention time - 45 minutes. It has been demonstrated that preliminary preparation of oil shale of Baysun deposits through alkaline and bacterial treatment allows for reduction of sulphur content in oil shale tars up to 40-70%, increase in depth of extraction of shale tar samples by more than 60% relative.
CONCLUSION
1. For the first time there were conducted integrated studies on production of gasoline-methanol mixtures on the basis of local raw material resources, including benchmark and field testing, acceptability of primary components was demonstrated.
It is found that gasoline-methanol mixtures with up to 5% methanol content do not make corrosive attack on «valve-seat» sections of gasoline injectors, rubber seal ring s and aluminium materials, and, when using moisture free base gasoline and methanol (99,95%), mixtures demonstrate resistance to segregation, sufficient for moderate climate conditions of the Republic.
Results of benchmark tests supported power maintenance of engine running on gasoline Al-91 with 3% and 5% methanol, reduction of specific fuel rate approximately to 2.5%, reduction of hazardous emissions - carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (CH) by 40-45% in comparison with the base gasoline.
2. There was prepared biobutanol from plant material and demonstrated efficiency of its use as a part binary oxygenates, determined its role in regulating phase stability and improvement of octane characteristics of gasoline containing methanol and ethanol.
3. There were developed methods for improvement of environmental performance of motor gasoline using additives on the basis of mixed composite combinations of oxygenates - methanol, ethanol, in combination with nitrogen- and manganese containing dopants. There were developed some histograms of dependence of octane number maintenance of commercial gasoline with different concentrations of binary additives on the basis of methanol and ethanol.
High performance characteristics of developed composition of gasoline Al-80 of Fergana Oil Refinery, with the component composition, % by weight: directly distilled gasoline fraction-55.41; stable catalyst - 33.64; gasoline of delayed coking units - 9.9; antiknock additive ADA-Super - 1.01; antiknock additive Hi-tech 3062 - 0.04 confirmed by results of qualification tests.
4. There were proposed methods for diesel fuel production with involvement of by-products of oil-refinery - light coking distillate and overhead vacuum distillate of fuel oil vacuum distillation unit, which enabled to obtain additional resources in amount up to 5-7% of the volume of commercial diesel fuel. Proposed dependence criteria for determination of limiting quantities of by-product added to diesel fuel.
5. As a result of experimental-production studies there was studied of the specifics of heavy oil processing in combination with gas condensate from the fields of the republic, and demonstrates that directional regulation of their ratio in mixture in terms of physicochemical mechanics of oil dispersion systems is a way of maximizing extraction of light fractions.
There were developed the methods of control of optimal ratio of heavy oils and gas condensate in the course of their joint processing for maximum extraction of light fractions using dependence of viscosity characteristics of mixtures.
6. There was studied the processing of oil shale with a view to obtain alternative motor fuel components, selected an optimal mode of oil shale tar extraction using the developed laboratory instrument of high-temperature processing of oil shale, optimal pyrolysis conditions determined the following parameters: pyrolysis temperature - 550°C, pyrolysis temperature holding time - 45 min.
7. Determined the role of preliminary treatment of oil shale in pyrolysis results. It is demonstrated that alkaline treatment of oil shale leads to removal of reducing forms of sulfur. The most effective removal of reducing forms of sulfur (up to 83%) occurs when the concentration of NaOH is equal to 1%. Biological treatment of oil shale causes increase in shale tar yield. It is found that tar output from treated oil shale made 18.0%, or more than 60% of relative tar yield from source oil shale. Stage of acidification of oil shale material by sulfuric acid solution leads to increase in tar yield at 21.3% R.H.
8. For the first time, there was demonstrated the possibility of use of shale tars as an alternative raw material for production of motor fuel components, substantiated the technology of shale tar processing together with oil stock with the use of conventional technologies and oil refining processes.
9. It has been established that the gradual acidification leads to development of local («native») microflora of shale material, causing significant increase in liter slurry of iron oxidizing bacteria As. Ferrooxidans, which is the main type bacteria currently used in technologies of mineral raw materials processing, since the very existence in the original shale of «inoculating material» of iron oxidizing bacteria w ill be a source of replenishment of bacteria needed for oil shale processing.
10. In industrial conditions of the Fergana Refinery there was developed a process flow diagram of preparation, introduced the technology of diesel fuel production using by-products of oil refinery - light coking distillate and overhead vacuum distillate in accordance with the requirements of the standard for summer diesel fuel, developed and implemented a temporary production technology of pilot batches of gasoline-methanol mixture, Specifications TSh 39.3-285:2012 «Automobile methanol gasoline» for motor spirits of grades AI-80-M1, 3 and 5 (with 1, 3 and 5% methanol respectively) and A1-91-M1, 3 and 5 have been developed, approved and registered in the Agency Uzstandard. There was developed and implemented the guidelines for preparing and processing of heavy oils and gas condensate mixtures in optimal ratio at JV Jarkurganneftepererabotka. Appropriate certificates confirm cost of economical efficiency of dissertation results.

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. A silicate glass is one of the most interesting materials used by human from ancient times. Despite the wide scientific, technical and domestic use of glass, there are a number of fundamental problems in the glass physics. For example, essential effect of structure of matter (displacement of atoms in the space) on its properties is well known. But the glass structure is the subject of disputes of scientists around the world for about century although many models for it have been suggested. The situation is caused by inefficiency of main experimental investigation methods for crystal structure (diffraction of X-ray, electrons and neutrons) in the glass, which is not long-range ordered and has multi-component character in most interesting and widespread types of glasses. Applicability of the energy band models and following conceptions (effective mass amd mobility of charge carriers) for the glass must be justified in each specific situation as well.
The silicate glass doped with transition metals oxides (mainly RuO2) is functional material for thick film resistors, widely used in modem electronic devices. Investigations of electrical properties of the doped glass have raised additional physical problems. For example, temperature dependence of resistivity />(7) of doped glass at low temperatures (7' < 50 K.) is similar to that of neither crystalline semiconductors (activation law In p - 7’1) nor amorphous materials (Mott’s law In p - Г0’25). The minimum of p(7') is observed at intermediate temperatures which docs not correspond to any existing physical conceptions. Metallic (/; - T or p - 7'2) conductivity follows beyond the minimum on the contrary to the glass conceptions as a dielectric with energy gap more than 3 eV.
The thermoelectric effect in various materials and structures is interesting both in terms of fundamental study of physical processes and practical applications of thermoelectric converters (to generate electric power from renewable sources, to recover waste energy, to cool and to heat). Thermoelectric effects can give information on the density of electrons energy states, on hidden structure (phase) transitions, on a state of electronic subsystem, on electron-phonon interactions. The thermoelectric figure of merit ZT = SaT/к is important for practical use, which is determined by electrical conductivity of a material rr, thermal conductivity к and thermopower (Seebeck coefficient) 5. Here T is working temperature of a thermoelectric converter. Widespread applications of the thermoelectric converters require materials with ZT> 2 in the temperature range 500-1000 K.
But thermoelectric properties of the doped silicate glass are practically unresearched in spite of its promising parameters (high electrical conductivity a ~ 400-4000 Ohm1 m1, low thermal conductivity к ~ 0.5-1 W/(m K.)) that can essentially improve ZT.
That is why an ascertainment of physical mechanisms which can effect charge transport and thermo power generation in doped silicate glass in combination with experimental and theoretical research methods as well as expansion of research area, determination of the corerelations of these phenomena with glass composition and peculiarities of its structure in a wide range of external exposure are actual problems of the glassy state physics and for design of thermoelectrics of high thermoelectric figure of merit made from disposable and safe raw materials.
Legislative base to ensure energetic security and to use alternative energy sources is generated and a number of practical solutions were done in the Republic of Uzbekistan in years of Independence. These are “Agreement of Members States of Commonwealth of Independent States on the field of Energy Efficiency and Energy Saving” (Kishinev, October 7, 2003), Decree of the President of Republic of Uzbekistan No UP-4512 “On the measures for further development of alternative energy sources” (March 1, 2013) and Decision of the President of Republic of Uzbekistan PP-1929 “On organization of the International Institute of Solar Energy” (March 1, 2013), Decision of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan No 265 “On the measures for organization of the International Institute of Solar Energy” (September 25, 2013), arrangement of companies “Uzbckcncrgo” and Suntech Power (PRC) on the foundation of joint venture to produce photovoltaic panels of 100 MW output on the basis of newest technologies at the Navoi exclusive economic zone, outlined formation of solar power station of 100 MW output in the Samarkand region by obtaining funds of Asian Development Bank.
This research work is oriented to realize regulations of the “National Conception of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Renewable Energy Sources” (approved by the Senate of Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, October 2008) by designing new thermoelectric materials. Intensification of the investigations oriented to design new and cheap thermoelectric materials to improve the efficiency of renewable sources energy conversion and waste energy recovering is the main factor of needs for the dissertation theme.
Purpose of research is search for the physical mechanism determining the electrical conductivity and the thermopower coefficient of the silicate glass doped with oxides of 3c/- and 4rf-transition metals as well as correlations of these properties with the glass and dopant composition, synthesis conditions to create the scientific basis for designing the effective thermoelectric materials.
Scientific novelty of dissertational research consists in the following:
New physical phenomenon is observed in silicate glasses — sharp growth of specific resistance and thermopower coefficient (up to 10 and 100 times, respectively, depending on composition of glass) at T> 1000 K;
Existence of 1-2 nm large nanocrystals and structure transitions at high tcmpctaturcs in silicate glass is experimentally proven;
Diffuse mechanism of charge percolation levels formation in doped glass is proposed and experimentally justified;
It is demonstrated that the percolation threshold is reduced or even vanishes in doped glass as the result of combination of diffusion and percolation laws;
Influence of glass composition and doping type, temperature and doping time on percolation threshold and electric conductivity is proved to be a result of diffusion zone formation around the doping particles and conductivity increase in the glass itself from о ~ IO16 Ohm'cm'1 to 40-400 Ohm'cm'1 in this zone;
The mechanism of doped glass conductivity is proposed and experimentally justified to explain the temperature dependence of conductivity in the interval 0.015-1123 К as result of combination of impurity subband, formed in diffusion process, with nanocrystals in the glass; effect of the electron-phonon interactions on these processes is established;
The minimum observed in resistivity is explained as a result of merge of impurity band with the valence band in glass and consequent “metallic” state p T or p - I2 in doped glass at T ~ 77-700 К as a result of predominant scattering of charge carriers on phonons and on each other;
It is demonstrated that electric conductivity of 40-400 Ohm’'em'1, thermal conductivity 0.5-1 W-rn'K.'1 and thermopower coefficient 1.1 mV/К. in the range 800-1000 К can lead to increased thermoelectric efficiency of doped glasses.
CONCLUSION
1. It is shown that the glass becomes conductive due to diffusion of dopant atoms into the emolliated glass, and the percolation threshold corresponds to the overlapping of the diffusion zones which are formed around the dopant particles. The volume of these zones can be essentially higher than the volume of the dopant particles, and is affected by parameters of the doping process (temperature and duration) as well as the composition of the glass and the dopant, so the percolation threshold can be observed at very low content of the dopant (about 1 mass % or, probably, even less, instead of 16 mass % predicted by the percolation theory).
2. It has been shown by EXAFS method that the local glass structure, namely coordination of the lead atoms, effects essentially the doped glasses conductivity. Coordination of Ru atoms in the doped glass depends on structure of initial glass as well as on doping duration.
3. The abnormal increase of the resistance and thermopower has been revealed in the doped glasses in the temperature range 700-1000 K. These anomalies have been shown to be the consequence of structural transitions in the nanocrystals of lead silicates and the residues of silica, which have been formed in the glass during the melting and doping.
4. The lower limit of carriers' concentration (about 102Ocm'3) and effective mass (mef ~ 3.3- 102mo) of charge carriers have been estimated in the doped glasses.
One may conclude, therefore, that the doped glasses are the system of polaron conductivity.
5. It is shown that doping of the silicate glass being dielectric with the forbidden band nearby 3.3 eV creates the impurity subband of width 0.026 eV or less, separated from the top of the valence band by small (0.01-0.02 eV) gap. At high temperatures, structural transitions of silicate nanocrystals separate the impurity subband from the valence band, and beyond the maximum of resistance (at temperatures above 950-1000 K) the sample becomes semiconductor with activation energy E„ of conductivity from 0.095 up to 1.5 eV depending on the doped glasses' composition and the doping level.
6. It was determined that temperature dependence R(T) of the doped glass in the range from helium up to 1200 К is the result of impurity subband formation and presence of nanocrystals. Nanocrystals act as effective localization centers of free charge carriers and two mechanisms of conductivity - thermal activation and hopping - operate simultaneously at low temperatures. The dependence 7?(7) = A cxp(Z?7's) with 0.4 < f < 0.8 often observed in experiments is caused by electronphonon interactions leading to variations of the gap width with temperature.
7. The physical mechanism of metallic conductivity p(T) - T or /Д 7) ~ T2 of doped glass near room temperature is revealed. It is shown that narrow gap between the impurity subband and the valence band of glass can vanish as temperature increases, free carriers concentration becomes constant (like that in metals) and carriers' scattering will be a major cause of temperature dependence on conductivity.
8. The doped silicate glasses have high density of electronic states in the impurity subband located close to the top of the valence band, so they can be an effective and cheap thermoelectric material for renewable energy conversion and the energy waste recovery.

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. In order to increase the potato yields on a regular basis in the republic, it is required to constantly improve its technologies of agricultural cultivation. New varieties of potato require specific agricultural technologies in different soil and climatic conditions. One of the main factors of increasing the yield and gross production in potato growing is the introduction of new modem seed growing systems. In conditions of the saline lands in Uzbekistan, special attention must be paid to the adoption of new technologies in the production of potato cultivation in view of the soil and climatic conditions.
Solving the above mentioned problems require improvement of existing agricultural technologies of potato cultivation. It is important to adopt evidencebased seed systems into the production. The cultivation of selection of potato varieties with economically valuable traits and properties, finding new ways of planting and growing plants, determining methods of optimization requirements of plants to soil moisture and nutrients arc of great theoretical and practical significance.
In 1991, 351.2 thousand tons of potato was produced in Uzbekistan only, in 2013 the potato yields constituted 2,250.3 thousand tons of potato, harvested from 78.2 thousand ha of land. The average yield of potato constituted 21.0 t ha'1. Currently, the actual potato production is 75 kg per capita only, and so, it cannot meet the demand for this product. According to the medical prescriptions, it is recommended to consume on average 90 kg year'1 of potato. Therefore, to meet the requirements of the population of Uzbekistan, a production of 2.7 Mln. t year'1 of potato is necessary.
A demand for the present scientific work can be explained by its response to the issues raised by the Cabinet of Ministers in the Decree № 274 at 27.06.2001 “On additional measures to improve potato seed farming” aimed at improving the technology of potato production, organizing seed farming and fully providing the farmers and private household producers with high quality seeds. This decree was put into operation with the purpose to improve the technology of potato production, organization of seed farming, sufficient provision of farmers and dchkhans with high quality seed materials. Increasing potato yields by widespread introduction of new technologies into practice and production of high-quality seed materials arc nowadays pressing issues. Establishing a system of seed potatoes in the territory of the Bakhmal district, Djizak province corresponds the priority directions of scientific research carried out in the republic. In the foothills, the viral disease of potatoes is rarely observed, and establishing science-based seed production in these areas is an advanced direction.
Purpose of researches arc includes a development of improved potato cultivation technology and a seed farming system, providing increased and high-quality yields of food and seed potato in the foothill areas of Uzbekistan, as well as developing a new advanced method of assessment of salt tolerance of potato varieties and their implementation into a production.
Scientific novelty of the dissertation research arc the followings:
the development of a new technology of food and seed potato production in conditions of the Bakhmal district located in the foothill zone of Uzbekistan; a development of a new modern elite potato seed cultivation method, which lasts 4 years instead of traditional 6 years, was developed. The potato plants produced under this new technology arc observed to be less susceptible to viral diseases, and provide high quality and quantity yields. Seeding potato using the scheme of 70x15 cm, with the stand density of up to 95 thousand plants per ha and conducting varietal cleaning four times arc proved to be an effective approach;
the system, consisting of main methods of potato cultivation technology and methods of assessment of salt tolerance of potato varieties to obtain high quality and quantity yields has been developed for conditions of light and moderately saline soils of the Hungry Steppe;
scientifically proved that the improved irrigation method, which prevents soil salinization during potato cultivation, has been developed. In this method, the length of the furrows should be 50 m, duration of irrigation 10-12 m, optimal soil moisture levels 75-75-85 % from field moisture holding capacity and the irrigation scheme of 1-2-6.
CONCLUSION
1. To cultivate food potato in the foothill zone of Uzbekistan in spring and summer, the early-ripening varieties Ostara, Kuvonch-16/56'", mid-early ripening varieties Binclla, Santc, Condor, Bakhro-30 and mid-ripening varieties Hamkor 1150, Diamant, Cardinal arc considered suitable. Cultivation of potato in spring (April, 1 till 5th) and in summer (June, 1 till 5th) using planting scheme of 70x20 cm and 3.9 t ha'1 of seeds allows obtaining a yield of 25-30 t ha'1.
2. Potato cultivation in the foothill zones during growing period includes: manual (spade) soil processing (to a depth of 6-8 cm) at the time of shoots advent, 1 soil tillage after full appearance of shoots (depth 12-14 cm) and making of furrows, and conducting 2 spade soil processing, 2 soil tillage and furrow reshaping in the beginning of the budding phase. In the end of a budding phase earthing of plants with a special equipment and weeding till the end of a growing season arc conducted. In typical sierozems, application of 40 t ha'1 of semidecomposed manure and mineral fertilizers N22oPi65K-i25 kg ha'1, will result in the quantity and quality of a crop yield within the requirements of a modern agriculture with the additional crop yield of 8.6 t ha'1 compared with control.
3. In foothill zone of Uzbekistan, the potato planting in spring and maintaining soil moisture of about 75-75-85 % from field moisture holding capacity, the irrigation scheme of 1-2-5 promotes increased crop yield of 6.3 t ha'1 compared with control. During planting in summer with the irrigation scheme of 2-2-6, provision of pre-irrigation soil moisture level within 75-75-85 % provides additional yield of 10.6 t ha'1 compared with control.
4. In the foothill zone of Uzbekistan, to produce a high-quality seed material it is necessary to conduct culling of healthy plants using a method of individual clonal selection accounting for morphological characteristics and productivity indicators. A comparative study showed that a new shortened 4-ycar method of elite seed production performs better compared with a traditional 6-ycar method. It is shown that by testing of clones during only one year and without establishing of super-super elite nursery, the potato seed-farming activities in foothill areas can be conducted within 4 years and high-quality seeds can be produced.
5. In seed-farming nurseries, the increase of reproduction of healthy tubers is achieved by planting of tubers with a weight of 30-50 grams by a scheme of 70x15 cm and stand density of 95 thousand plants ha'1. Cutting tubers of 80-100 grams into two and of 120-150 grams into 4 parts raises a net reproduction from 1.5 to 3.6 times.
6. For conditions of chloridc-sulphatc type of moderately saline soils of the Hungry Steppe, the following spring-planted early-ripening varieties arc suitable: Ostara, Kuvonch 16/56M, mid-early ripening varieties Bincllc, Karatop, Aladin, Bakhro-30, mid-ripening varieties Hamkor 1150. Diamand, Cardinal. For the late planting in summer, mainly mid-ripening varieties Binclla, Karatop, Aladin, Bakhro-30 and mid-ripening varieties Hamkor 1150, Diamant, Cardinal arc suitable.
7. The agronomical tolerance of potato to salinity is 0.020-0.022 % of Cl ion and the norm of biological stability of 0.04-0.05 %. In the conditions of the soil salinity of Hungry steppe the good results arc received by planting potato in spring as soon as possible till March, 1st, and in summer from June, 20th till July, 10th. The optimum scheme of potato planting is 70x20 cm.
8. Under chloridc-sulphatc type conditions of moderately saline soils of Hungry steppe in order to improve planting technology, good yields arc obtained by planting of seed tubers of 30-80 grams without splitting in spring to a depth of 7-8 cm, in summer to a depth of 15-16 cm with application of 2 cm thick mulch of semi-decomposed manure. In an advanced cultivation technology it is required to conduct 1st soil tillage before appearance of shoots, the 2nd tillage - during full appearance of shoots, the 3ld tillage in a budding phase properly and timely during soil maturity after water application and earthing of plants by soil, weeding during plant growth.
9. In saline soil conditions of Hungry steppe and under fertilizer application technology of early potato in moderately saline soils, the recommended annual amount of fertilizer application is 40 t ha’1 of scmi-dccomposcd manure + N|5oPii2KS5. When the pre-irrigation soil moisture is 75-75-85 % from field moisture holding capacity and application of irrigation by a scheme of 1 -2-6 it is possible to achieve the crop yield of 26.2 t ha'1. With the furrow length of 50 meters and duration of water application of 10-12 hours, the optimum soil moisture is achieved and water from wetted soil layers docs not reach the groundwater and thus, the secondary salinization is avoided.
10. Development of the potato salt tolerance assessment methods and defining indicators of these methods has been conducted as follows:
field germination capacity of the whole seed tubers should be not less than 95 % in the early planting dates and not less than 92 % in summer;
the number of stems in one plant should be more than 8.5, the productive, tuber-forming stems more than 6.0;
the volume and mass of roots during a blooming phase should be above 140 cm3 and 130 grams, in the end of vegetation above 45 smJ and 40 grams, respectively; the quantity of stems in one plant should be more than 3, mass of plant tops more than 400 grams, a yield of tubers more than 600 grams and a number of tubers more than 6;
marketable productivity of plants in early planting dates should be above 25-27 t ha'1, in summer planting above 22 t ha'1, degraded tubers not more than 1 %.
11. Application of advanced potato cultivation technology in foothill zones of Uzbekistan can provide the potato yield of 30 t ha'1 and 4.5-5.0 million soum ha' 1 of a net profit.
Application of complex agro-tcchnology under the modern shortened 4-ycar method of a high-quality seed production promotes the productivity increase by 10.0-10.5 t ha'1, and thus, net profit reception by 15.0-15.5 million soum ha'1 compared with a traditional 6-ycar scheme of seed-farming.
In the conditions of Hungry steppe, the introduction of advanced technology promotes the possibility of receiving additional yield of 8.0-8.5 t ha'1 and thus, 3.0-3.5 million in soum ha'1 of a net profit compared with the traditional technology.
12. The following recommendations arc suggested for implementation of the advanced potato cultivation technology in the foothill zones of Uzbekistan based on the obtained results:
planting of early-ripening varieties Binella, Kuvonch-16/65M, mid-early ripening varieties Aladin, Bakhro-30, mid-ripening Hamkor-1150, Diamant and Romano in spring during 1 till 5th of April and in summer in 1 till 5th of June, with the planting scheme of 70x20 cm and amount of seed tubers 3.9 t ha'1. ;
the potato cultivation works during growing period consist of superficial manual (spade) soil processing (to a depth of 6-8 cm) during the advent of shoots, 1st soil tillage following a full appearance of shoots (to a depth of 12-14 cm) and making of furrows, 2nd manual soil processing during budding phase, 2nd soil tillage and making of furrows. In the end of a budding phase the earthing of plant stems is conducted using special earthing maker;
on typical sierozem soils, the amounts of fertilizer application should be within 40 t ha'1 of semi-decomposed manure + N220P165R125 kg ha'1, pre-irrigation soil moisture in spring of 75-75-85 % from field moisture holding capacity with the water application scheme of 1-2-5, and in summer 75-75-85 % from field moisture holding capacity and 2-2-6, respectively.
The following technology of production of high-quality seed materials in foothill zones of Uzbekistan is recommended: to produce elite seeds, it is recommended to use a new shortened 4-ycar method and to increase a net reproduction of healthy tubers in seed-farming nurseries, to plant seed in the scheme of 70x15 cm with tubers of 30-50 grams and stand density of 95 thousand plants per ha.
The following recommendations arc suggested for introduction of an advanced potato cultivation technology in conditions of moderately saline soils of Hungry steppe: the following varieties arc recommended for planting in spring: early-ripening varieties Binclla,and Kuvonch-1656m, mid-early ripening varieties Condor, Aladin, Bakhro-30 and mid-ripening varieties Hamkor-1150, Diamant, for summer planting mid-early ripening varieties Binclla, Condor, Bakhro-30 and midripening varieties Hamkor-1150, and Diamant. Planting potato in spring is recommended to be made till 1st of March, in summer from 20th of June till 10th of July under the plot size of 70x20 cm and with application of seeds of 3.9 t ha'1. It is necessary to plant the whole (uncut) tubers of 30-80 grams in spring to a depth of 7-8 cm and in summer to a depth of 15-16 cm. After planting introduction of mulch into a soil surface with semi-decomposed manure of not less than 2 cm thick is recommended.

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. It is hardly to find collection where you may see some models from leather- unique natural material which has peculiar beautiful appearance and has high indicators of stability and exploitation features. In spite of high popularity of leather clothes, the share of native production, presented in the market is in law level.
The quality of leather raw material depends on different factors: origin (types, breed, sex, age of the animal, heritage), climate, conditions of eiving, feeding of the animal, season in which animal was killed, as well as technologies of preparation and dressing the leather, methods of tinning and keeping pelts. Such kind of factors make actual the problem of preparation and choice of leather materials for the clothes in the industrial manufacture. Unlike of raw material, prepared in the northern regions of Asia, European and American continents, where preeding has different directions: meat- diary, fur, leather, for getting fibers from the wool, the feature of preparation leather raw material in the republics of Central Asia meat direction is the main in stock breeding. Therefore, the leather produced in the republic, because of its low durability face layers and tne number of defects raw and manufacture origin, caused by climate conditions in insignificant quantity are used for producing sewing goods. It means that scientific researches directed to developing local leather for clothing are not partically carried out.
The president of Republic Uzbekistan LA.Karimov in the report has noted: “Creating new processing enterprises, especially small and middle enterprises gives opportunity in the widescale to develop this branch of industry- spinning, weaving and finishing industry as well as knitting, sewing and leather footwear industry, to enlarge assortment of ready goods. We should learn to trade not only raw material, cheap semi- finished products but also modern, requirable ready goods” '.
Leather industry in Uzbekistan is a range of enterprises of middle and small business of economy, mainly united in association “Uzbekcharmpoyafzal”. So in 2012 in Uzbekistan enterprises of “Uzbekcharmpoyafzal” were made the leather for 2012 mln square dm. of chromium leather, as well as 650000 of cattle, 1824 of small cattle. For creating native high quality goods from leather it is necessary to work out and inculcate new technologies of conversion of local raw material and projecting and producing.
Solving above- mentioned tasks requires to work out new scientific approaches to the technologies of industrial manufacturing high quality goods from natural leather
Purpose of research is to improve the quality of local raw material with the help of filling polymer materials and work out effective ways of pational placing clothing details, enlarging its assortment in account of technological features and maximal usage of the leather area.
Scientific novelty of disscrtational research consists in the following:
within the overall strategy of creating leather products technology developed principles of industrial design range of garments in the "Leather material -environment - Clothing" based on the theory of morphogenesis, decomposition, network simulation and ranking priority requirements for leather goods;
first proposed method of a water-soluble polymer composition provides a comprehensive enhancement of quality leathers from local raw materials and stability of uniforms (1AP 03747);
electron- microscope researches and spectroscope is installed the mechanism of correlation of polymer composition with collagen of natural leather and identified its rational content;
theoretical and experimental researches of physic- mechanical features, is offered the coefficient of flexibility, form stability and mobility of structural elements of modificated leathers it is proved the opportunity of regulating technological features of package materials and expoiting indicators of clothing;
it is offered new method and algorithms og multi-critical optimization of industrial assortment of clothes from leather with the help of typological model, which allowed to forecast its structure in account with requirements of different segments of the market (DGU 00444. DGU 00445);
it is worked out new method of choice preferable models and creating electron sketch in depend on artistical- constructive features of appearance of clothes (DGU 01400, DGU 01078);
it is worked out means of modeling and optimization of indicators leather using by combining the details of clothes in apportion (DGU 01017, DGU 00808);
it is offered the integrated informational system created the support of different stages of automated designing of clothes from leather (marketing, design, constructing and technological preparation), it is identified the strategy of its realization by methods of artificial intellect (DGU01399, BGU00233, DGU02510, DGU 02617).
Conclusion
In this thesis, based on theoretical and experimental research in the field of technology development the range of garments from the local leather, new methods and technological developments that are essential to improve the efficiency of production processes and the quality of ready products. The main results of the work are:
1. By the way of experimental studies propose a new water-soluble resin composition on the basis of polyquaternary salts N,N- dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate with allyl bromide in combination with glycerin and technology for processing them garment leather from local materials.
2. Studing of the mechanism of interaction of the polymer composition with natural leather collagen by 1R, UV, NMR spectroscopy, electron- microscopic studies of the physicochemical properties of aqueous solutions of the polymer composition is determined by its rational composition (wt%): polyquaternium salt- 2.0; glycerol - 10 water - 88, corresponding to the requirements of the compositions used in the finishing process of natural leather apparel destination (1AP 03747).
3. Usage in the process of finishing water-soluble polymer composition improved structural and mechanical properties of modified leather by lighting its microstructure. As compared to the control that has increased tensile strength by 15-20%; sop - 8% water vapor transmission rate- 9-11%. The increase in the fraction including resiliently - elastic component of deformation in the longitudinal and transverse directions of up to 20-25%. These factors contributed to decrease in hack degree leather material 17- 20%.
4. Proposed coefficient Кф form-stability of leather material allows to control the shape of articles by controlling the properties of the package of products in accordance with the requirements. Established theoretically and experimentally confirmed by the dependence of the shape stability of the voltage value of the total deformation, the equilibrium modulus of elasticity and mobility ratio of structural elements garment leather treated with the proposed polymer composition.
5. By strain studies of the mechanism of loss of clothing given shape and intensity of exposure to the material deformation loads during operation products installed zone varying degrees of responsibility in detail. On this basis of development the method of placing the combined parts of clothing on the leather in an automated mode, proposed and implemented algorithm for optimal placement, taking into account the heterogeneity of cutting properties leather material and constructive- technological solution models of products (DGU 01017, DG 00808).
6. Based on the study of consumer preferences for artistic design features developed technology of electronic sketches of clothes made of leather, including development of database of graphic elements and the appearance of a sketch algorithm products (DGU 01400, DGU 01570).
7. Practical significance is confirmed by results of industrial testing elements of information, software and methodological support of the integrated system in terms of a foreign enterprise (foreign enterprise) FE "ANCA», «V1VATEK.S», JV «PAN A TECH», LLC «CHARM-ATTOR», LLC «TR1STAR technologies». The cost effectiveness of using the results of the dissertation is composed by saving labor and material resources, diversification, and improving product quality, productivity, reduce design time and reduce labor costs and makes more than 30 million sum per year.

 Increased interest in the problems of mechanics of coupled fields, primarily to electromagnetoelasticity, caused by the needs of today's technological advances in various industries and the development of innovation technologies. The issues of motion of a continuum with electromagnetic effects fill a highly important place in the mechanics of coupled fields.
One of the main directions of development of modern solid mechanics is a development of the theory of conjugate fields and, in particular, the theory of the electromagnetic interaction with deformable medium.
The mechanism of interaction of an elastic medium with the electromagnetic field is diverse and depends on the geometrical characteristics and physical properties of the body under consideration.
In particular, this mechanism gets some specifics when considering the problems of thin plates and shells having anisotropic conductivity.
In creating optimal structures in modern engineering, widespread use is made of thin-walled shells and plates as structural elements in which effects of nonlinear electromagnetic interaction with magnetic fields are significant.
Effects of the coupling of mechanical displacements of conductive bodies with the electromagnetic field are conditioned by the Lorentz ponderomotive forces. The Lorentz forces depend on the speed of the conductive elements of a continuous medium and the external magnetic field, the magnitude and orientation of the conduction current in reference to external magnetic field. Significant effects of ponderomotive interactions occur for high-frequency oscillations at large amplitudes of displacements, pulsed magnetic fields and current-carrying elements. It is for these conditions are first necessary to develop mathematical foundations of magnetoelasticity and applied methods for solving certain classes of problems. Among these classes of problems, first of all, we note the problem for currentcarrying thin anisotropic plates and shells placed in a strong external magnetic field, as well as the problem of nonlinear magnetoelastic vibrations of thin-walled elements in a magnetic field.
On the basis that specific magnetoelastic effects found in the study of nonlinear coupled problems, it seems urgent development of numerical approaches to solving problems related to the magneto-anisotropic flexible current-carrying plates and shells having anisotropic conductivity under the influence of non-stationary electromagnetic and mechanical stresses. In studies of nonlinear magnetoelasticity problems of special interest is determination of the stress-strain state of current-carrying plates and shells on exposure to variable electromagnetic and mechanical fields with regard to anisotropic electroconductivity, magnetic and dielectric permittivity.
Demand of these problems and interest in ones is conditioned by wide application in modern engineering as constructive elements of thin shells and plates, which are exposed to strong magnetic fields. These problems occur in modern technology, where such structures are used as protecting or bearing elements for shielding external fields of strong magnetic equipment. This interest is conditioned by the need to solve problems of electromagnetic compatibility with the development of modern measuring systems, computer devices, measurements of weak pulsed fields on the background of large fields, the development of the protection of personnel from electromagnetic effects, etc.
Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation in the formulation and solution of problems in accordanse with the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On providing an electromagnetic compatibility” (1999, № 1, art. 16, 2003, № 5, art. 67, 2013, № 18, art. 233).
The electromagnetoelasticity coupled problems of anisotropic plates and shells having anisotropic conductivity are of scientific interest in terms of both theory and applications. The matter is that in the case of thin anisotropic bodies having anisotropic conductivity it is possible to solve optimal problems of magnetoelasticity by the variation of all physical-mechanical material parameters ofbody.
In particular, when mechanical and geometric parameters of the problem are constant, using variation of anisotropic electrodynamic parameters it is possible to obtain constructive elements with qualitatively new mechanical behavior. It should be noted, that recently the materials with new electromagnetic properties were created. These materials can be use in different areas of new appliances at creation of new technologies.
Purpose of research is the development of the theory of nonlinear magnetoelasticity current-carrying anisotropic bodies having anisotropic electroconductivity, mathematical modeling and the decisions of the new class of magnetoelasticity, which will explore the stress-strain state and analyze the electromagnetic effects in orthotropic shells of revolution with the ultimate orthotropic conductivity, magnetic and dielectric permittivities.
Scientific novelty of disscrtational research consists in the following: there was first formulated the geometric nonlinear statement of the conjugate dynamic problem of magnetoelasticity to the current-carrying shells taking into account the anisotropic electrical conductivity, magnetic and dielectric permittivity;
the nonlinear two-dimensional magnetoelastic model for the current-carrying orthotropic shells with finite orthotropic conductivity, magnetic and dielectric permittivity was first obtained;
resolving system of equations which describes nonsymmetrical deformation of flexible conductive shells of rotation, which have orthotropic electroconductivity variable in two coordinate directions of hardness impacted by the nonstationary electromagnetic as well as mechanical forces was obtained;
coupled resolving nonlinear differential equations system of magnetoelasticity of flexible current-carrying orthotropic shells of rotation of arbitrary meridian due to orthotropic electroconductivity, magnetic and dielectric permeability, under the nonstationar impact was obtained;
the methods and algorithms for solution of coupled dynamic problems for magnetoelsticity of orthotropic shells of rotation subject to finite orthotropic conductivity, magnetic permeability and dielectric permittivity in nonlinear statement are for the first time developed;
new effects caused by connection of mechanical deformation fields with electromagnetic fields due to final orthotropic electroconductivity, magnetic and electrical permeability were discovered;
the stress-strain state of a current-carrying orthotropic shell with orthotropic conductivity was optimized for the selected direction and magnitude of a foreign current density.
Conclusion
1. The mathematical formulation of the problem of the nonlinear coupled dynamic magnetoelasticity of current-carrying shells taking into account the anisotropic electrical conductivity, magnetic and dielectric permittivity was made.
2. A nonlinear two-dimensional model of current-carrying magnetoelasticity orthotropic shells with respect to orthotropic conductivity and magnetic permittivity in the geometrically nonlinear formulation was made. It was assumed that the main directions of orthotropic material properties of the shell coincide with the directions of the corresponding coordinate axes, as well as orthotropic body is linear relatively to the magnetic and electrical properties.
3. On the basis of the quadratic version of geometrically nonlinear theory of shells and plates, coupled allowing system of nonlinear differential equations of magnetoelasticity was built. This system describes the stress-strain state of flexible current-carrying orthotropic shells of rotation of arbitrary meridian under the influence of time-dependent mechanical and electromagnetic stresses due to orthotropic electrical conductivity, magnetic and dielectric permittivity.
4. The development of the technique and algorithm for numerical solution of new class of coupled dynamic problems of magnetoelasticity which allows us to investigate the stress-strain state of the current-carrying orthotropic shells of rotation with regard to orthotropic electrical conductivity and magnetic permittivity in geometrically nonlinear formulation. On the basis of the developed method the stress-strain state of isotropic current-carrying circle plate and a conical shell under the influence of mechanical force, an external electric current and an external magnetic field was performed. As follows from the results of comparisons with the increase of duration of forces action and a decrease of the time step the difference between the values of deflections and stresses in various steps increases slightly. The numerical data obtained for the fourth and fifth approximations practically coincide indicating a satisfactory convergence of the iterative process. Results of the comparisons in the isotropic setting with the data of other authors show the possibility of using the proposed approach for the study of stress-strain state of flexible current-carrying orthotropic shells of rotation having orthotropic conductivity.
5. The influence of taper on the nonlinear behavior of orthotropic shell was considered. It was revealed that the interaction of magnetic induction and shear force causes extreme values of deflection and stresses, electric field and magnetic induction intensity. Note that the magnetic induction and the shear force are given on the left contour of the shell (boundary conditions) and at the same time shear force and the normal component of the magnetic induction are in opposite directions. It was found that a decrease in the cone angle leads to absolute values of deflection and stresses, electric field and magnetic flux density increase. This fact illustrates the interconnection of electromagnetic and mechanical fields. It was revealed that the cone angle equal to six degrees proved to be critical for the considered geometrically nonlinear shell at the selected loadings. Further reduction of the angle leads to buckling of the shell.
6. The stress-strain state of flexible shells in nonlinear formulation based on comparison of the solutions obtained for the current-carrying orthotropic cone of beryllium and current-carrying isotropic cone of aluminum, as well as for the isotropic cone of aluminum in the absence of a magnetic field and the external current was investigated. In all three cases the distribution of the non-linear deflection and its maximum values occur in the left contour of the shell. At the same time in the case of beryllium orthotropic cone and the isotropic cone of aluminum, considering the magnetic field maximum values of deflection differ by about two times. It was revealed that in the case of the isotropic cone without influence of the magnetic and electric fields, the deflection increases significantly. This is because in the absence of an electric field acting on the shell, the tensile strength of the tangential component of the magnetic induction, and the tangential component of the Lorentz force equals to zero. The results of decisions received in linear and nonlinear statements are compared. It was found that the difference between the results of solutions of linear and nonlinear formulations increase with decreasing of angle of the cone. Analyzing the results obtained it is possible to consider the influence of the geometric nonlinearity on the stress- strain state of orthotropic shells in comparison with the linear theory.
7. Numerical results for orthotropic beryllium cone of variable thickness for different values of “a”, parameter characterizing variability of thickness in the meridional direction were obtained. It was found that increasing the value of “a” increases the deflection, peripheral stresses of the shell, Maxwell stresses, etc. As can be seen from the results variability of thickness has a significant effect on the stress-strain state of the shell, which should be taken into account in practical calculations. The stress-strain state of a current-carrying flexible orthotropic beryllium cone of variable thickness for different types of the contours fixing of the shell was investigated. From these results it is clear that the boundary conditions of the shell contours fixing significantly affect the value and distribution of deflections, shear forces and bending moments, Lorentz forces, the magnetic induction and electric field intensity.
It was revealed that the maximum deflections and bending moments, Lorentz forces, the magnetic induction and electric field intensity arise at "hingesliding" boundary conditions. It was found that in the presence of magnetic induction on the left contour of the shell the values of deflections, bending moments , Lorentz forces, the magnetic induction and the electric field intensity is much higher compared to the presence of an electric field. Due to these results we can consider the influence of boundary conditions on the interconnectedness of mechanical and electromagnetic fields.
8. It was found that with increasing of magnetic induction the deflection and stress of the shell also increases. It was established that an increase in external magnetic field induction also increases induction of the internal magnetic field. This corresponds to a real physical processes occurring in the shell and in turn confirms the accuracy of the results.
It was shown that by choosing the value of the density and orientation of the external current due to orthotropic conductivity it is possible to optimize the stress state of the shell which is under the influence of non-stationary electromagnetic and mechanical fields. It was revealed that the increase in the value of an external electric current leads to an increase in the values of deflections and stresses of the shell, tangential and normal components of the Lorentz forces. Thus choosing the direction and magnitude of the electric current density one can achieve minimum deflection and stresses in the shell.
9. In the considered problems the dependences of values for characteristic functions of the stress-strain state of the electromagnetic parameters, in particular from the orthotropic electrical conductivity and of orthotropic of material properties which allows one to evaluate the impact of the interconnection of fields were made. Using the resulting system of coupled equations of magnetoelasticity of orthotropic shells of rotation, developed techniques for solving problems in the theory of non-stationary current-carrying shells considering orthotropic electrical conductivity in geometrically nonlinear formulation allows one to solve a new class of problems. At the same time the influence of orthotropic electrical conductivity, magnetic and dielectric permittivity of the material and the actual working conditions of structural elements are taken into account more fully that allows one to make a choice of rational geometrical, mechanical and electromagnetic parameters to improve the reliability of the construction.

Topicality and demand of the theme of dissertation. In world practice of informatization, systems of electronic document interchange (EDIS) arc considered and introduced last years not only as systems for automation of manage processes but also as high-grade platforms for creation of uniform information field, so borders of their use, certainly, expands and scientists of the world raises interest to them. In researches of leading scientists of infocommunication technologies the demand of problems of authentic gathering, transfer, analysis, coding of information during formation of office-work documents is allocated for getting of effective technologies raising mobility and productivity of EDIS.
Complex measures undertaken by the Government of Republic of Uzbekistan on development of systems of region-territorial automated management and to creation of uniform information field arc directed on wide introduction of information systems, EDIS, databases (DB) on the basis of modern information-communication technologies. In this connection, working out of new methods to intelligent processing of information resources used for improvement of data transfer quality, allowing effectively to find out and correct errors in structure of electronic document interchange with least material and time expenses, differs a special urgency and, at the same time, remains the unresolved theoretical and applied problem having important economic value.
Requirements to information resources and streams of data transmission as the important factor of efficiency and quality of EDIS functioning arc expressed in providing of stability, integrity, safety and authenticity of the information. One of important among factors is the criterion of authenticity of the information, caused by distortion of transferred messages in infocommunication networks because of failures and refusals of means, any handicaps in communication channels, errors of operators, scanning and recognition systems.
Hence, construction of effective systems to control of information authenticity during transfer and processing represents special scientific interest as priority technology of data processing, characteristic for conditions of automated management and electronic document interchange at the enterprises and organizations.
For existing methods, despite of providing the high level of information transfer authenticity, some unsolved questions is typical, and as basic of them it is possible to allocate the following: at development technologies of electronic documents interchange in structure of modern data transfer packages the significant volume of resource is spent for headings, at the same time the most part of information in headings remains constant from package to package during stream of transfer of the whole frame (redundancy of the information arising at it and mechanisms to provide reliability of deliveries consisting, basically, in sending the appropriate message and repeated transfer of packages, - result to additional time and material expenses while errors detection and elimination); code and hardware methods of information transfer control arc focused, mainly, on elimination the transposition mistakes in managing fields of packages; however, at data transfer there arc also distortions in information fields, which frequently reveal as multiple text mistakes.
In this relation, the decision of tasks for providing of information transfer authenticity is reasonable to consider in two aspects.
Solutions of the first type tasks should taken into account errors of the man-operator, scanning and other devices intended for input of the information. These kinds of mistakes make greatest volume of distortions in text and arise at Applied and Representation levels of OSI model (Open System Interconnection reference model).
Solutions of second type tasks, devoted to control of the information reliability, take into consideration the probability of distortions which occur at stages of Transport, Network, Physical and Line of model OSI.
Demand of the dissertation is characterized by the fact that introduction of a wide range of IP-enabled technologies in electronic document interchange is connected to requiring close attention tasks of detection and correction of errors during preparation and processing of documents.
This research work is focused on providing realization of laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan «On informatization», «On electronic digital signature», «On electronic document», «On electronic commerce», «On electronic payments», Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan № 126 on 05.04.2011 «About measures on installation and use of a single secured e-mail and system of electronic document interchange in the executive office of cabinet of ministers, bodies of government and economic governance, local government».
Following that, the solution of listed tasks requires carrying out the special researches and development connected to creation of methods and algorithms, capable to control the information authenticity in structure of data transfer packages at the expense of use the enclosed redundancy, and able to function in transport environment, eliminating existing lacks. This fact causes necessity of allocation of a special class algorithms for providing of information authenticity on the basis of new type of PR-rcdundancy (property redundancy), defined by depending on properties of processed object.
Purpose of research is development ol constructive methods, models, algorithms and systems of information authenticity control during transfer and processing of the data on the basis of mechanisms used PR-rcdundancy of various nature, and software and algorithmic realization of results for developing technologies of electronic document interchange.
Scientific novelty of disscrtational research consists in the following:
concept, methodology and software and algorithmic bases to construction methods, models and algorithms for the information authenticity control in systems of electronic document interchange arc developed, classes of objects characterized by PR-rcdundancy, applied to provide accuracy, integrity, efficiency, compression, availability of information resources in EDIS arc allocated;
methods and algorithms arc offered for control of information reliability at the expense of use the artificial redundancy on the basis of linear, modular, plane summing mechanisms and definition of belonging to the coded subsets;
methods and software complexes arc developed for control of information reliability at the expense of use the natural redundancy on the basis of algorithms in which procedures of statistical, arithmetic, parsing coding, n-gram structured description, statistical pattern recognition and hashing of text elements arc realized;
for control and correction of spelling mistakes in texts on Uzbek language methods and algorithms arc offered on the basis of models of multilevel morphological analysis and n-grams Grammatik description;
on the basis of enclosed logic criteria, database and knowledgebase in structure of the built-in expert systems methods and algorithms arc developed for the control of information authenticity at the expense of use the structural-technological PR-rcdundancy;
methods arc offered to synthesis algorithms of text information reliability control in interactive system of errors detection and correction for developing technologies of electronic document interchange.
Conclusion
1. Developed in the dissertation constructive methods, models, software and algorithms complexes to control of information authenticity by principles of using of PR-rcdundancy on the basis of concepts of system analysis, control and information processing allow to increase efficiency and productivity of EDIS.
2. The estimation of current state of the theory and practice of code, hardware and program methods of control of authenticity information transfer had shown insufficiency of existing types of redundancy for providing qualitative functioning of EDIS. Principles of use of PR-rcdundancy at electronic documents for working out applied methods, software and algorithmic complexes to providing of information transfer authenticity have allowed to design toolkit of development of existing technologies.
3. Methods of: linear, plane and modular summation; codings by rules of Haffman, Lempcl-Ziv-Velch, Barrousc-Willcr, arithmetic coding, statistical recognition, logic control form methodical bases of use of PR-rcdundancy for expansion possibilities of algorithms and software complexes to providing of the information authenticity during drawing up, transfer and processing of electronic documents texts.
4. Efficiency of developed algorithms is shown and solutions arc got for tasks of control the information authenticity on the basis of criterion of mistakes undctccting probabilities. It is established, that they find up to 92 % of all kinds of  mistakes, capable to correct single, double and adjacent transpositional mistakes, in comparison with existing methods reduce labour content and cost of control in 2-3 times if probability of mistakes is accepted as P«4-10-3, and also raise the information authenticity up to three orders.
5. To solving tasks of control and correction of spelling mistakes in Uzbek texts methods, algorithms and systems arc developed included morphological and n-gram structured models. The developed technique of getting frequency characteristics of n-gram on the basis of distortions probability parameters statistics arc applied during systematization hash-codes for parsing coding.
6. Interpolation and extrapolation methods of construction the logic and arithmetic function of statistical recognition arc used for working out algorithms to control of text elements images authenticity. Methods arc developed to control authenticity of alarm characteristics of text elements images in ncuronctworking system to information processing which includes parts of automatic recognition and control of images signals. Methods and algorithms arc realized in the structure system to control of information authenticity for eases when information in EDIS is represented as metatext on the basis of belonging attributes and classification of metatext on fuzzy semantic hypcrnct.
7. Methods and algorithms of the control of the information authenticity, based on methods of dictionary, statistical and hash-codings provide effective applying of the hardware-software environment of parallel computations NVIDIA with use of standard libraries of numerical analysis, optimized data exchange between CPU and GPU for optimization.
8. It is determined that at realization of the system to control of spelling on the basis of developed ways of description and identification of the software shell, treelike representation of n-gramm grammar and architecture of framework Sfinks-4 focused on various language models used PR-rcdundancy, the number of undetected errors and cost of realization considerably decreases, and labour content in comparison with the spelling control system on the basis of morphological analysis decreases twice.
9. Developed simulating algorithms, complexes of software and systems to control of information authenticity on the basis of using PR-rcdundancy have found practical application in systems of: automated organization of educational environment in high schools; adapted data transfer, processing and analysis in infocommunication networks; EDIS of enterprises.
10. The developed software complexes to control the information authenticity in structure of EDIS and computer system of adapted transfer, handling and data analysis arc implemented in real working conditions in the Samarkand branch «UzTelecom» of the State committee or communication, for informatization and telecommunication technologies of the Republic of Uzbekistan and in Joint Venture «Tasty-Fuit». Appropriate certificates confirm cost of economical efficiency of dissertation results.

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. Various techniques of hybridization arc used in crop breeding, including cotton to produce a wide variability in agronomical valuable traits and develop new forms.
Regardless of its implementation hybridization process leads heredity decoding which allow the new plastic genotypes formation with an ability to change and adapt to the new conditions. Hybridization and selection arc considered as a main synthetic method of new varieties development and a success in this largely depends on the choice of crosses method and genotypes of initial forms. Therefore, there is given a special attention for studying the genetic basis and improving of hybridization methods. However, based on the most widely used of hybridization methods arc not always possible to develop varieties having high parameters of composite agronomical traits. Many developed varieties as a result of breeding methods arc genetically become homogeneous, which leads to a reduction of genetic variation and increasing of risk of cpiphytoty outbreaks and decreasing of total productivity (Boroycvich, 1981). Therefore, it is necessary to increase the genetic variability of crops’ agronomic traits by involving of original forms, as well as wild relatives of crops with genetic resistance to various stress factors, diseases and pests.
In increase cotton production through the creation of early maturing, high-yielding having good fiber yield and quality, resistant to various diseases, pests and stress factors, as well as with low level or toxic gossypol in cotton seeds still remain as critical problem in cotton production.
To overcome these problems there need to improving of genetic basis for assessment of existing donors and through the use of various hybridization methods to create new enriched genotypes, promoting positive recombination of polygene in hybrid’ organism for use in applied cotton breeding. Based on the above stated, the study of the genetic aspects of various methods of remote composite intraspecific and interspecific hybridization, based on the comparative evaluation of the effectiveness in order to isolate valuable recombinants and transgressive forms having new genetic variability of traits arc important both scientific and practical point of view.
The dissertation meets the objectives as set out in the Lows of Uzbekistan «On Seed Production» of December by 21, 2007 and «On Breeding achievements» by August 21, 2002 directed to developing and introduction of high-yielding cotton varieties, with a good yield and fiber quality, tolerance to various factors, as well as improving seed production.
Purpose of researches is comparative study of effectiveness of the various methods of intraspecific composite, convergent and inter-specific (3 to 5 species) hybridization revealing the nature of inheritance, form shaping and transgressive variation of traits, total and (+)-gossypol in creation of genetically enriched breeding material and for using in the applied cotton breeding.
Scientific novelty of the dissertation research is follows:
in the system of topcrosscs there used genetic evaluation for combining ability of main agronomic traits cotton varieties with different origins for further using in intraspecific composite and convergent hybridizations;
there established principally dominant inheritance and overdominance type of inheritance (with deviation toward the initial forms with the high agronomic traits) in F| at composite intra-and interspecific hybridization which genetically distinct accessions from the local and foreign selection and wide transgressive variability in F2-F3, facilitating to efficient selection of valuable recombinants;
first identified the inheritance nature and variability of total and (+)-gossypol in the cotton hybrids’ generative parts, developed by involving of American accessions with high (+)- gossypol and local varieties, as well as their correlation with some agronomical valuable traits;
first there held comparative study of economic traits at the different forms of amphidiploid G.thurheri x G.raimondii K-58 (hirsutum type) and K-59 (type harhadense) for free reproduction and after crossing the cultural forms of G.hirsutum L. species, it was established a wide range of variation of agronomic traits at mutant form of K-59 and composite hybrids, derived from it’s participation as compared to K-58 amphidiploid and it’s composite hybrids. It was found out those two types (type G.hirsutum K-58 and type G.harhadense K-59) of amphidiploid G.thurheri x G.raimondii at the free reproduction exhibits similarities with the both cultural tctraploid species; G.hirsutum L. and G.harhadense L., respectively. When they crossed with the cultivated G.hirsutum L. species these amphidiploid forms also behave as natural tctraploids;
it is revealed that, at the composite hybrids produced with the participation of the both forms of amphidiploid (K-58 and K-59) G.thurheri Tod. x G.raimondii Ulhr., as a result of transgressive variation, there is a disturbance of negative correlations between such traits as yield and fiber length, fineness and boll numbers conducive to positive recombinants emergence and increase donor opportunities of amphidiploids;
by comparative study of different methods of remote intra-and interspecific hybridization revealed the genetic nature of inheritance nature and variation degree of the main agronomic traits in composite hybrids, as well as their effectiveness in allocating recombinants having a new genetic variability of traits;
it is revealed that the possibility of breaking some negatively correlated traits by different methods of composite intra-and interspecific hybridization and selection of recombinants combining early maturity and high productivity, high fiber output with its quality and 1000 seed weight, etc.;
it is confirmed that the effectiveness of used methods such as a composite intraspecific and interspecific crosses, to increase positive transgressive variation and segregation genetically enriched recombinants having new combination of high levels of positive parameters of agronomic traits that were recommended and used to develop valuable initial material and new cotton varieties;
the obtained theoretical data on inheritance nature, hcritability and agronomic traits morphogenesis, levels of total and (+)-gossypol and their correlation with other agronomical valuable traits at developed hybrids could be successfully used in the field of fundamental research, and created unique hybrids, forms, progenies, lines and varieties could be used in applied cotton breeding.
Conclusion
1. There obtained and identified on comparative study base of intraspecific composed and converged hybrids with participation of six registered medium staple cotton cultivars in topcross system and high effects of GCA on the following traits:
«50%-cmcrgcncy-50 % flowering» Yulduz (-0.71); Tashkent-6 (-0.39) and in S-9070 (-0.38); “50% cmcrgcncy-50% maturing” S-9070 (-1.43), and in
Tashkent- 6 (-0.91); one boll weight S-6532 (+ 0.11); 1000 seeds weight S-9070 (+0.51); on productivity Tashkent-6 (+5,28), S-4911 (+4,04) and S-9070 (+2 24); fiber output S-6532 (+1,29); fiber length S-4911 (+0,70) and S-6532 (+0,48); fiber strength S-6532 (+1,57) and S-4911 (+0,91); micronairc S-6532 (+0,24) and Ak-Darya-6 (+0.24). These donors of high valuable traits were used by us for improving of the recurrent varieties by composite and convcrcgcnt hybridization. It was found that involvement of the varieties with a high GCA in convergent hybridization allows improving of the recurrent varieties and developing of a new initial material for cotton breeding:
inheritance nature and variability degree of agronomic traits at intraspecific composite and convergent cotton hybrids revealed the relative efficiency of the studied hybridization techniques during elaboration of new initial material with enriched genotypes of agronomic traits, and recommended to use in geneticselection process;
convergent hybrids F i dominated by early maturity, in terms of productivity and fiber output occurcd overall effect of overdominance, and F2-F3 appeared as positive transgressive forms;
significant effect of the genotype of the parental forms involved in hybridization on the inheritance nature of fiber quality (length, micronairc, strength) had convergent hybrids Fj, as well as their level of recombination in F2-F3 indicating the need for breeding of recombinants on these traits in early generations, taking into account genotype of initial forms;
the inheritance of the wilt tolcrancccs bccamcs not only depending on the pathogen load in soil fungus infections, but also depends on the used hybridization methods. Thus, most high resistance, i.c. negative superdominance on wilt tolerance observed in convergent hybrids F, and F2;
the direction and strength of correlation between the studied traits in intraspecific composite and convergent hybrids varied in depending on crosses type and from genotype of recurrent varieties. At present ease, the greatest number of recombinants with positive combination of high indicator traits which determining fiber quality, as well as its output, length, observed with with composite, particularly with convergent hybridization.
2. For the first time, on the basis of studies on determination the percentage of (+)- gossypol in seeds of genetically different cultivars of Uzbek cotton selection and analysis of variability, inheritance degree of total and (+)-gossypol in the environmentally and genetically remote hybrids and their correlations with economically valuable traits was proved:
the cultivars S-6524, S-6530 and S-6532 which were elaborated involving subspccic of G.ssp.punctatum had the highest level of (+)- gossypol and the «Turon» cultivar which was developed by composite hybridization has a low indicator of the current trait and relatively high level of total gossypol in seeds;
It was determined intermediate inheritance level of (+)- gossypol in the petals and seeds in F| hybrids and wide positive and negative transgressive variability in Ғ2-Ғ3. It was proved that the efficiency of plant selection with high (+)- gossypol in seeds since F2, that confirmed with segregation of constant progenies and lines on trait basis in F4 hybrids;
as a result of research the cross-correlation total and ( +)- gossypol and some agranomically valuable traits was found that between the ( +)- gossypol in the petals and seed exists a weak correlation. The data on correlations of studied traits showed an independent genetic control of (+)-gossypol in the generative organs and independent inheritance of them at cco- geographically and genetically remote hybridization.
3. For the first time, based on comparative study of agronomic traits of amphidiploid G.thurheri Tod. x G.raimondii Ulbr. two forms (hirsitum type -K-58 and harhadense type -K-59) and hybrids derived from G.hirsutum L. varieties revealed:
both studied forms of hirsutum type and harhadense type of amphidiploid G.thurheri Tod. x G.raimondii Ulbr., being functional diploids provided wide combinative variability in the progeny from the free reproduction and crossing with the cultivars of tetrapioid G.hirsutum L., and showed their similarity to G.hirsutum L. and G.harhadense L. tctraploid species, respectively;
as a result of the research a group of unique composite hybrids (F\G.thurherii Tod. x G.raimondii Ulbr.) x G.hirsutum L. confirmed unlimited transgressive variation as the basis of a new form revealing, new gene pool developing for use in applied cotton breeding. Herewith, at bud mutant K-59 observed emergence of phenotypes with higher variability for most agronomic traits compared to K-58;
it was found out that in composite hybrids which obtained by crossing of studied forms of G. thurberi Tod. x G. raimondii Ulbr. amphidiploids (2n=52) and with G.hirsutum L. cultivars were observed relatively rapid improvement on productivity and its components in comparison with freely propagated amphidiploids offspring. Herewith, composite hybrids involving K-58 on boll number in all generations was slower comparied to hybrids derived from K-59;
composite hybrids F, obtained involving two cultivars of cultivated forms on fiber output and length were observed deviation toward the parent with the best expression of the trait. It was revealed that the fiber output and length of the studied composite hybrids susceptible to less variability compared in terms productivity and its components. Relatively high variation was manifested on fiber output in F2, and on fiber length in F2-F3. In freely multiplying offspring of K-59 and its hybrids with varieties in F3 was observed the derivations of more long staple plants compared with hybrids, developed involving K- 58;
free propagating amphidiploids’ offsprings and composite hybrids selected by using of cultural forms showed the least wilt susceptibility compared with the control. Wilt resistance of barbadense type K-59 progenies from the free breeding was higher as compared than offspring of K-58, and higher in composite hybrids F2-F4, obtained involving K-59.
4. Under the general principle of correlation relationships among the studied hybrids were found that composite hybrids F2 amphidiploids’ G.thurberi Tod x G.raimondii Ulbr., both types (K-58 and K-59) with a G.hirsutum L. type Acala sj-5 cultivar showed mainly low positive and negative correlation coefficient values, which in most eases were none significant. In hybrid combination of K-58 x Andijan-60 fiber output and length correlated positively;
5. Based on comparative study of inheritance and variation of agronomic traits in developed 4 genomic [(G.thurberi Tod. X G.raimondii Ulbr.) X G.arhoreum L.] x G.hirsutum L., 5 - genome [(F|K-28 x S-6524 ) x G.harhadense L. hybrids and their backcross hybrids were proved:
the possibility of broad transgress variation and creation genetically enriched recombinants on unique traits;
efficiency of backcrosscs among the composite interspecific earlier generation hybrids for rapid improvement and stabilization of eultuvated forms of cotton;
wide transgress variability presence in 4 and 5 species composite hybrids and their backcross hybrids on productivity and its components starting with F|. In particular, it was confirmed the effectiveness of five species hybridization to increase the boll numbers per plant, boll weight and weight of 1000 seeds at 4 and 5 species and backcrosscs hybridization.
by obtaining recombinants having fiber output 43,1-45,0%, fiber length - 40 mm and above, micronairc of fiber 3.9-4.5 and wilt tolerance it was confirmed the effectiveness of introgressive and transgressive breeding at composite 4-5 species hybridization and their backcross hybrids.
6. As a result of studies of correlations in composite 4-5 species and backcrosscs hybridization of F2 hybrids it was revealed the effectiveness of used methods in interruption of such negatively correlated traits as «fiber output» and «fiber length» from medium positive (r=+0,39) up to high positive (r=+0,62), «fiber length» and «micronairc» -medium positive (r=+0,55), as well as «fiber length» and «fiber strength» -medium positive (r =+0,56 and r=+0.50).
7. Based on intraspecific composite and convergent, eco-geographically and genetically remote and 3-4-5 species and backcrosscs hybridizations were developed the following new breeding progenies, lines and varieties of upland cotton:
by composite and convergent hybridization way-L-7966, L-214/05; CC-896/05; CC-896/28; CC-991/05; CC-991/09; KC-1/05; КС-1/08; КС-1/18; KC-1/35; KC-1/51; KC-1/77, S-231-233/07, L-234-235/07, L-236-237/07, L-242-243/07, L-244-245/07, L-482-483/07, L-484-485/07, L-666-667/07, L-397-398/07, L-802-803/07, L-814-815/07, L-230/05;
cco- geographically and genetically distant hybridization - cultivar S-7300, S-7301, the progenies S-5344, S-5361. HPG-1;
composite 3 - specific hybridization -cultivar «Sulton», «Jarkurgan», S-7276, S-7277, as well as a number of lines;
8. Using the remote intra-and interspecific hybridization it was elaborated unique introgression hybrids, genetically enriched cotton recombinants, progenies, lines, and varieties «Sulton», «Jarkurgan», S-7276, S-7277, S-7300, S-7301 having positive combination of high agronomic traits. Cultivar «Sulton» was included in the State register from 2011 and for the period from 2008 up to 2014 it was sown on the area of over than 275,5 thousand hectares.
9. The following rcccomcndations were given for practize and future studies:
use of method convergent hybridization, allowing improving of agronomic valuable traits of recurrent parent and registered medium staple cotton cultivars and receiving a positive transgressive variability;
as an initial source in convergent crosses use cotton varieties with high General combination ability (GCA) on the following: on early maturity- Tashkent-6 and S-9070; boll weight - S-6532; weight of 1000 seeds S- 9070; on productivity -Tashkent-6, S-4911 and S-9070; fiber output -S-6532; fiber length - S-4911 and S-6532; fiber strength - S-6532 and S-4911; and for micronairc - S-6532 and Ak-Darya-6.
for use as an initial source in cotton genetics and breeding research such new cotton selection progenies as well as the lines: KS-1/05; K.S-1/08; K.S-1/18; KS-1/35; KS-1/51; and KS-1/77, L-7966, L-214/05, S-214/05, SS-896/05; SS-896/28; SS-991/05 and SS-991/09 with early maturity, productivity, wilt tolerance, fiber output and quality.
to use in cotton genetics and breeding researches both USA accessions BC3S,-47-8-l-17, BC3S|-l-3-6-15 with 95% of (+)-gossypol level in seeds and lines HPG-1 and others with 90% of (+)-gossypol level, as donors on this trait. Since 2012, developed and studied in the competitive variety testing of Institute the following lines: L-404-05 and L-6970 with high (+)- gossypol level were recommended for testing on ground control of the State Inspection Commission for Agriculture crops variety testing.
widespread use of various forms of synthetic tetrapioids G.thurheri Tod. x G.raimondii Ulbr., 4-5 species composite hybrids [(G. thurheri Tod. x G. raimondii Ulbr.) x G.arhoreum L.] x G.hirsutum L. and [(F t K- 28 x C-6524 ) x G.harhadense L., as well as their backcrosscs for achievement the broad transgress variation, elaboration genetically enriched recombinants on economically valuable traits and their use in practical cotton breeding;
to extend the areas in of early maturing commercialised cotton cultivar «Sulton» and perspective one «Jarkurgan» as well broad testing of such as new varieties S-7277, S-7300 and S-7301 in the republic.

Topicality and demand of the theme of dissertation. One of the actual problems of modern physical chemistry and macromolecular chemistry is the study on the development of the fundamentals of synthesis of functional polymers with ion-exchange and complexing properties.
Anion exchange and complexing compounds based fibrous materials have a high specific surface area, which provides a high possibility of sorption and desorption processes. They arc especially effective in removing toxic substances, even at very low content of the latter from the air and water pollution. Of particular interest is the acrylic fiber "Nitron", which is produced by JSC "Navoiazot" (Uzbekistan).
In the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent Institute of Textile and Light Industry conducted research on the development of fibrous ion exchange materials based on acrylic fiber "Nitron" but they have not been brought to its logical end. In addition, when these studies neglected the study of the physicochemical aspects of the preparation of these materials.
In developing the fundamentals of ion exchange materials obtaining a lot of attention paid to the study of physical and chemical aspects of the synthesis and properties of these high-molecular compounds. These studies due to the fact that they allow you to adjust the processes of synthesis and, therefore, necessary to obtain polymers with required composition and with complex specific properties.
As noted above, to date, no attention was paid to the study of the physicochemical foundations of anion exchangers and polycomplcxons, due to applied research conducted to date in this field of research. In this regard, the study of physical and chemical principles of bases of creation, and the properties of anion exchangers and polycomplcxons based on acrylic fiber "Nitron" arc actual both from a theoretical and practical point of view.
Demand perform of the dissertation is characterized by the fact that modern worldwide technology for extraction of non-ferrous and precious metals can not be realized without the use of ion-exchange materials. These techniques use mostly granular sorbents, while fibrous sorbents comprise just 2-3 % of the ion exchange materials used . Using technology employing ion exchange material from algae and natural brine deposits of oil and gas recovered to 90% of iodine and bromine, lodinc-containing sorbents arc used for disinfection of drinking water from microorganisms and extraction of mercury from wastewater and gas emissions. They can be used for concentrating the processing solutions and biologically active substances in the preparation of catalyst systems nanoparticles metals. It should also be noted that Uzbekistan hitherto not been established as industrial manufacture granular and fibrous sorbents, although such polymers arc widely used in industry.
The purpose of this study is to identify the physico- chemical characteristics of the formation and properties of anion exchangers polycomplcxons based on acrylic fiber " Nitron ".
Scientific novelty of disscrtational research consists in the following:
in the first time studied the kinetics of the interaction of acrylic fiber "Nitron" with nitrogen-containing bases in aqueous and organic media;
shown that due to the high surface area fibers arc modifiable , the reaction rate depends on the concentration of the nitrile groups of the polymer being in the solid surface;
proved previously identified mechanism of the catalytic action of small amounts of hydroxylaminc on the process of modifying of fiber " Nitron " with nitrogen-containing bases;
in the first lime developed a method for producing anion exchangers branched structure by sequential treatment of acrylic fiber " Nitron " with cthylcncdiaminc and dichlorocthanc;
found that the interaction of PAN - fibers with hcxamcthylcnc- and ethylene diamines formed anion exchange fibrous materials having in its composition as a weakly basic and strongly basic functional groups ;
in the first time obtained new polycomplcxons with ampholytic properties by reacting maleic anhydride with amine -modified polyacrylonitrile fiber " Nitron " or by hydrolysis of residual of the nitrile groups modified with diamines of acrylic fiber "Nitron";
established values of the thermodynamic equilibrium constants of adsorption of ions Cr (VI), Си (II), halogens, Arsenazo (III) by synthesized anion exchangers and polycomplcxons and alteration in thermodynamic functions of the process testify to high sorption capacity of these ion-exchange materials with respect to the sorption ions;
Conclusion
1. Values degree reaction of the nitrile group and a nitrogenous base, the activation energy of the process shows that the process of modifying fiber " Nitron " nitrogen-containing bases subject to the usual regularities observed in homogeneous reactions. This effect is due to a high fiber surface area to be modified, allowing the reactants to facilitate access to the nitrile groups of the polymer. (Physical chemistry, High molecular compounds).
2. Kinetic studies of the reaction of acrylic fiber " Nitron " with diamine (hexamethylene and ethylenediamine) showed that the change of physical and chemical parameters of the modification process can be controlled sorption properties, chemical resistance and the strength of the anion exchangers due to network structure of the polymer. It has been established that this modification "Nitron" produces strongly basic anion character especially in organic media. Strongly basic anion exchangers possibility of obtaining a high sorption capacity with graft polycthylcnpolyaminc chain reactions revealed in fiber modification "Nitron " ethylenediamine in the presence of dichloroethane. (High molecular compounds, Physical chemistry ).
3. IR - spectroscopic and analytical determination of the formation of intermediate amidoxime groups in the polymer chains and free hydroxylaminc after substitution reaction proved previously proposed mechanism of the catalytic action of hydroxylaminc on the process of chemical modification of acrylic fiber " Nitron " nitrogen-containing bases . ( Physical Chemistry).
4. Developed conditions of synthesis polycomplcxons reacting maleic anhydride with modified by hcxamcthylcncdiaminc acrylic fiber "Nitron" and with of hydrolysis of residual nitrile groups modified by hcxamcthylcnc- and cthylcncdiamin of acrylic fibers . (High molecular compounds, Physical Chemistry).
5. Alkalinity obtained anion exchange resins depends on the nature of their functional groups. Strongly basic anion exchangers have in their composition cyclic amidine groups and they arc formed by the reaction of polyacrylonitrile fiber with a diamine. The specific surface area obtained fibrous sorbents exceeds by two orders of known surface area granular ion exchange resins, and their crosslinking rate is up to 100 nodes per macromolecule polymer. ( Physical Chemistry )
6. Kinetics and thermodynamics of the sorption of various inorganic and organic ions obtained polycomplcxons sorbents showed that ions of Cr (VI), Arsenazo (111) can be sorbed strongly basic anion exchangers only, and the process of sorption of copper (II) with polycomplcxons occurs not only due to the ion exchange, but also due to chelation. ( Physical Chemistry ).
7. Developed the conditions obtaining bromide complexes of polymers and kinetics, thermodynamics of the sorption halogen anion in synthesized materials was studied. It is shown that the lower the stability of the ion [Bn]’ for ion [J3]'than the ability to form such molecular chlorine ions leads to the fact that almost no molecular chlorine is adsorption, and molecular bromine is absorbed to a lesser extent than the molecular iodine. (Physical Chemistry ).
8. Combined developed iodinated anion exchange materials based on acrylic fiber " Nitron " and chitosan. Insertion of the iodinc-containing chitosan materials, leads to an increase of absorbent capacity. Combined antibacterial dressings have a pronounced anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effect, arc effective for the treatment of necrotic soft tissue diseases. (High molecular compounds, Physical Chemistry).

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. Development of science and intensification of all branches of national economy and also introduction of new technogenic processes of production have resulted in antropogenic influence of industrial activity of man on the environment and ecological equilibrium According to the data of regional evaluation of stable toxical compounds in the countries of the European Counsel the highest concentrations of Pb, Cd and Hg in the environment have been noted in the Ukraine (Pb-31,02; Cd-54, Hg-36 ton/year).Release of heavy metals to the environment for Russia equaled Pb-50%; Cd-66%; Hg-37% and in some others countries: Pb-10%,Cd-21%,Hg-58%,.Short analysis of the situation interms of these tree toxical metals has shown the level of antropogenic throwings of heavy toxical metals(HTM).The biggest part of HTM finding with throwings released to the atmosphere thrown out on soil and in waters of the country being the-surce the release and then they accumulate in neighbouring countries .
At presente time in the Republic of Uzbekistan the level of manufacture is rapidly growing and this results in the increase of the concervation of HTM compared with global scale of some natural processes. The most dangerous for the health of population are the non-essencial elements (Hg, Cd, Pb, As) . For this reason the monitoring of pollutions of objects of environment especialy HTM has acquired special importance and actuality. Qualitative and quantitative determination of ions of HTM has acquired important and necessary demands and has pulled out before analysts and ecologists the task of elaboration of express sensitive and selective methods of determination of microquantities of these elements which are dangerous toxicants, cancerogens and mutagens.
In this regard in the process protection of objects of the environment it is important and necessary to determinetion precise concentrations of HTM by different physical, chemical and physico-chemicals methods. For the practical realization of this problem at chemical analysis it is necessary to improve perfection existing methods analysis and elaborationof new modern methods ecotoxicants monitoring (espessially HTM). In the aspect of realization of theoretical prerequisites and practical confirmation of analytical determination of ecotoxicants concentrations it is necessary to elaborate some new hybrid methods with immobilization of different complexe-forming reagents on polymeric bearers and matrixes differing by high meteological and operation parameters.
Existing actual problems can be solved by introducing to the analytical practices of the methods of HTM determination of some new selective and specific organic reagents.The most perspective way of their solution is the purposeful synthesis and immobilization of new organic reagents with some definite analytical characteristics with following forecast of their properties with the aim of the optimal solving of the given tasks.
Elaboration of methods and approaches of prognosis as method of further development of sorbtion-spectroscopical method of analysis is an actual problem .In this range of theoretical and applied analytical chemistry there are considerable achivments bonding with investigations of home and forcing investigators ,but row of questions of problematical character has demanded of deep investigation and knowledges of new approaches and methods of their decision.
It is known that theory of action of OR is characterized as “system of ideas” allow ing to construct of some analytical system to find optimal by nature reagent and medium in which analytical reaction will carried out .In decision of some taskes of development of theory of OR action the fallowing stages neussarg to take into acconnl:”esplantion of observe processes and phenoments:prediction and direction works by synthesis of reagents with given properties .’’Thus the elaborated methodology and predication of properties of immobilized analytical reagents can be consider as definite seintific contribution in development of theory of action of IMOR for their using in analytical chemistry and ecology.
Purpose of research is elaboration of express, high-sensitive sorbtion-spectroscopical methods and test-systems of HTM determination with using of IMOR. Elaboration on the base of these methods some general approach to prognosis of properties and construction of specifical analytical grouos in organic reagents immobilized on different types of bearers synthesis of new organic reagents with given up properties on the base of our theretical prognosisesand introduction of them in practice of analysis of different analytical and ecological laboratories.
To achieve this goal the following tasks of research is solved: -optimization of immobilization conditions of organic reagents with preservation of their analytical properties; determination of mechanism of coloured reactious of complex-formation of immobilized organic reagents with ions of HTM;
-determination of connection between structure of OR and their analytical characteristics; prognosis of some perspective ways of their modification and directed synthesis of new specifical reagents on the base of nitronaphtols;
-analytical groups (EAG): (6-methyl-pyridil-2-azo-aminophenol; l-(5-methyl -2-pyridilfzo )-5-diethglaminophenol ;l-(4-antipyridilazo) -2-napthol sulphoacid; 1-(2-pyridilazo)-2-oxynaphtalin-6-sulphoacid sodlium; 3-hydroxy-4-nitrozo-2-naphtoic acid;2-hydroxiy -3-nitrozo naphtaldehyde and others);
-determination of influence of different factors and parameters on value of the analytical signal ;wing of elaborated methods in analysis of different by nature model binary ,triple and more complex mixtabiological objects industrial materials
-comparison of obtained results with results obtained by existing methods of determination of the investisated metals in solution.
Scientific novelty of disscrtational research consists in the following:
-Immobilization of different by nature reagents for prognosis and prediction of optimal construction of some OR based on quantum-chemical value of changing of analytical characteristics in dependence on structure of the functional and analytical-active groups has been theoretically based and practically has been realized;
-Chemico-analytical properties of OR immobilized on bearers on the base of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polypropylene (PP) for apriory prediction of structure of different OR and elaboration on their base an optical chemical sensors on the base PAN and PP-matrixes having some necessary analytical parameters;
Conclusion
1. Litrature date about using fiber sorbents and ion-exchanging on their base for determination of HTM cations at analysis objects of environment have been summarized. Advantages of using of fiber sorbents in comparison with their using as granule and powder have been shown. Necessarily of search of new immobilized reagents for determination metals in different objects was ground.
2. New scientific trend in analytical chemistry based on the sorbtion-spectroscopical determination of HTM in different objects of enviroment with using immobilized on fiber material organical reagents of different nature with aim of improvment of metrological parameters, exploitational and analytical parameters was developed.
3. Pysico-chemical and analytical properties of immobilized reagents on the base of reagents Arsenaza and threephenylmethan row and also synthesized on the department of organical chemistry NUUz sorbited on the fiber “Nitron” were systematically investigated. Optimal conditions of immobilization of new reagents on some polymeric bearers with preservation of theirspecifical analytical properties were determined.
4. 1R- spectroskopical investigation of immobilized reagents of fiber sorbents and their complexes with cations of HTM was carriedout. It was proved that in complex-formation of HTM ions with immobilized reagents the same functional analytical groups participated as in case of native solutions.
5. Results of investigations of interaction of reagents group Arsenazo and theephenylmethanic raw and also reagents synthesized on the derailment of inorganical and analytical chemistry of chemical faculty ofNUUz immobilized on marix on the base of PAN and PP-fibers with ions of HTM have shown that their immobilization was carried out owing to ionic changing and also formation of strong intermolecular hydrogenous bonds with bearers.
6. Using of calculating quant- chemical methods such as EMN, MNDO, RMZ and AM-1 has allowed in apriori to predict the structures of different rengents having some necessary analytical parameters (sensibility, contrastion of reactions and conditions of their carring out).
7. On the base on comparison optimal conditions of immobilization, sorbtion, degree of extraction of metals ions, coefficients of distribution, sorbtion capasity of fiber sorbents, data about sensibility of the analytical action occording to ions Cd, Hg, Cu and Fe in presence of accompanying elements, possibilities of quantitative desorption by small volumes of mineral acids and accessibility of initialcompounds it is shown an perspective of practical using of synthesized reagents and fiber sorbents. Immobilized reagents quantitativly have extracted ions of metals during 20-30 min at temperature 20-25°C in pH diapazone 3-7 (R=90-99%).
8. Coplex of methods of solidphase - spectroshopical and visually-testing determination of HTM in natural objects and samples of sewage and also new effective method of sorbtion - spectroskopical determination of Co,Cu, Cu, Ni, Fe and Hg in drinking and natural waters with using of immobilized organical reagent has been elaborated . This sorbtion - spectroskopical method has allowed to determine abovementioned metals in drinking and natural waters on the level n x 10-6 - n x 10'3 % and also to decrease the limitof their determination . Rightness of elaborated methods was proved by method “introduced - determined” at analysis of some real abjects and also by comparison with data obtained by atom -absorbtion method.
9. Elaborated methods were aprobated at analysis of real objects and were introduced in practics of laboratories by investigation of surface waters NYSMY; SES (sanepidemic station) of Tashkent region and Bekabad; department of radiopreparates of INP (Institute of nucleur physies) and others. Some obtained experimental data have been introduced in educational process at reading of lectures , carring out seminars and labaratory works with bachelors and masters by courses : “Analysis of environment objects”; “Optical methods of analysis “ ; “Physical methods of analysis “ ; “ Metrology statistics and computer in analytical chemistry” on the departments ofNUUz ; SamSU; Term.SV Tash.Pharm.1.

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. In the world lat days chanchcd structures of trauma, increase the number of heavy combined traumas, which resulting in more heavy nature of simultaneous injuries of three , four or more anatomical regions, which creates difficulties in determining of the order of care and surgical tactics in patients with combined traumas of the facial skeleton bones (CTFSB). The syndrome of mutual burdening injuries of various anatomical regions, variety, hcavity and speed of the development of pathological process did difficulty of diagnosis of the CTFSB. Complexity of the clinical picture, features of the progress of post-traumatic shock, the development of traumatic disease cause difficulties which arise in the course of examination of patients and put tasks to the experts to find new ways of developing diagnostic algorithms and early surgical treatment of the CTFSB.
Frequency of CTFSB ranges from 34,8 to 63,3%. Fractures of orbit has been observed with an extremely high frequency (98%) in CTFSB, injury of the orbit is accompanied by damage of the eyeball and its subsidiary bodies has been observed in 66 % of eases. Consequences of eye injuries arc becoming the leading cause of disability and in 50% of eases could cause permanent loss of vision. By reason of death combined trauma take the third part after coronary heart diseases. Frequency of disfiguring defects and deformities of face occurs in 12 and 57%, disability in CTFSB reaches up to 23%. CTFSB, combined with TBI, causes up to 60% of deaths.
The causes of unsufficient results is non-availability of a diagnostic algorithm, which includes the most informative research methods, determining the order of interaction and priority of work of doctors of various specialties in CTFSB.
In some eases, requires specified an indications, character, scope, sequence and timing of surgical interventions, depending of the objective assessment of heaviness of injuries to various anatomical regions, prognosis criteria, the nature and heaviness of life-threatening consequences of combined trauma. The research work earned out within the framework of the achievement of the set by the Decree of the President of Republic of Uzbekistan “About measures on the further deepening reform the health care system” November 28, 2011, № PD-1652, maintenance of high-quality medical aid to the population under modem requirements and standards.In this regard the need for the development of algorithms of diagnosis and early methods of surgical treatment of patients with CTFSB constitute one of the important criteria demand the theme of dissertation.
Purpose of research is improvement of the diagnostic tactics and therapeutic interventions in patients with acute combined injuries of the facial bones according to the severity and location of the injury.
Scientific novelty of disscrtational research consists in the following: revealed the structure and features provide consistent care to patients with combined injuries in Republic of Uzbekistan;
The sequence of diagnostic and therapeutic measures, depending on the patient's general condition with CTFSB first determined by using created CT program "ADIL
developed innovative methods for early reduction and fixation of bone fragments in CTFSB;
identified endogenous factors, affecting on the wound process, disclosed the mechanisms of post-traumatic complications in CTFSB;
proved, that at 2 - 3rd days after the injury occurs the depression of cell and humoral immunity in the blood. Increases the level of proinflammatory cytokines, reduced the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine (in 2,8 at patients with heavy commonl condition. Increased levels of pro - and reducing anti - inflammatory cytokines is a poor prognostic factor in the development of inflammatory complications (bone wound suppuration, osteomyelitis of the jaw bones, soft tissue abscess);
patients with CTFSB at 2 - 3rd days after the injury occurs the depression of the content of protein and micronutrients (calcium, potassium and phosphorus) in the blood, which is a prognostic factor of the development of complications;
a scheme was developed for integrated medical correction of endogenous factors affecting on the development of posttraumatic complications;
1. CTFSB in 100% of cases combined with TBI, in 27.7 % with injuries of skeleton and internal injuries. In the diagnosis and treatment of patients with CTFSB should participate resuscitator, maxillofacial surgeon, neurosurgeon, ophthalmologist, and otolaryngologist. Primary debridement of wounds, reduction and fixation of bone fragments in patients in compensated state should be done within 3 hours after injury, while at subcompensated state - during the first day, and at the decompensated state - within 3 days.
2. With the CT program "ADIL" can determine the overall condition of patients in a short time. The most informative diagnostic criteria arc the general condition of patients, level of consciousness, hemodynamic stability, shock index and temperature gradient. The severity of the general condition of patients is directly dependent on the localization of the fracture of the facial bones. Multiple fractures of the upper and middle areas of the face arc the most serious injury in patients.
3. Patients with CTFSB in compensated and subcompensated state emergency surgical aid and diagnostic procedures should be performed in full volume (maxillofacial surgery, traumatology, neurosurgery, surgery, ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngologist), including the reduction and fixation of bone fragments in the first day. To patients with CTFSB in state decompensated should be performed at least diagnostic procedures, limiting the amount of emergency surgery. Reduction and fixation of bone fragments should be done after the restoration of function of vital organs and systems.
4. The method of choice for the treatment of depressed large bone fragments of facial bones is a titanium distractor, the use of which gives a good clinical and functional outcome.
5. When depressed fracture of the zygomatic arch application of the developed device will allow us to produce reduction and fixation of bone fragments in the early stages (within one day) with a good cosmetic result.
6. At patients with CTFSB in posttraumatic period (7- 14th day.) there arc a deep depression of CD3, CD4 cell composition, humoral factors and secretory immune system, increased necrosis factor CD95, increasing the levels of proin-flammatory (IL-6 ) and a decrease - anti- inflammatory (IL -10) cytokines. On 9-10th day reduced total protein, calcium, potassium and phosphorus in the blood .
7. Reduction of cellular and humoral immunity, increased proinflammatory cytokine and tumor necrosis factor, reducing the anti-inflammatory cytokine , the protein concentration in the blood, calcium, potassium and phosphorus arc predictors of complications.
8. Application of complex drug therapy within the 1-3 days after the injury with the inclusion of immune ( immunomoduline, ribomunil ), enzyme ( Voben-zym ) drugs osteoplastic materials allows to correct the violation of homeostasis, also used to prevent complications.