«Hibatul haqoyiq» dostonida qadimgi turkiy tilga doir qator so‘zlar qo‘llanishda bo‘lgan. Maqolada mana shu so‘zlarning semalari, etimologiyasi yoritilgan. «Hibatul-haqoyiq»dagi leksik birliklar qadimgi turkiy til, Oltun yorug‘, Turfon matnlari, O‘rxun-Yenisey manbalari, qoraxoniylar davri hamda XIV asr manbalarida qo‘llanilgan so‘zlar bilan qiyosiy tahlil qilingan.
This article says that Tursunzade was a great connoisseur of Persian-Tajik classical poetry, knew well the literature of the peoples of Central Asia and his approach to the classics was romantic. He did not idealize antiquity, considering it unchanged, therefore, in the works of his ancient predecessors, he sought and found reflections of injustice, disharmony of the world and man. The study of the variability of translation is carried out not from an axiological point of view, but as a manifestation of the variability of the translator's positions in the activity, due to various sociocultural and interpretive circumstances.
Agriculture is an industry that faces many risks. Agricultural risks have been the subject of many scientific studies as a result of the direct impact of the state on food security and therefore on the standard of living of the population. Agricultural risks have their own characteristics. In addition, the classification of agricultural risks is specific to industry risks. The article considers two main principles of risk classification and proposes a classification model based on the principle of grouping.
The results of determining the strength of granules, hygroscopic point, sorption kinetics of water vapor and sorption moisture capacity of NS-fertilizers obtained by mixing melt ammonium nitrate with powdered natural gypsum (PG) and (NH4)2SO4.
Shell and tube heat exchangers are fundamental components in the chemical industry, responsible for efficient heat transfer processes critical for various manufacturing operations. As the chemical industry continues to evolve and strive for increased efficiency and sustainability, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has emerged as a promising avenue to optimize the operation and performance of these heat exchangers. This paper explores the current state of shell and tube heat exchangers in the chemical industry and investigates the pivotal role that AI plays in improving their efficiency, reliability, and overall effectiveness. We delve into the applications of AI in the design, monitoring, and control of heat exchangers, highlighting key benefits and challenges associated with its implementation.
The article examines the linguistic personality of the translator, his knowledge, skills, and competence in the implementation of interpretation in the framework of intercultural communication, in which he is a participant and in which he takes an active position, acting as a mediator between representatives of different languages and cultures.
The article presents a review of the key trends in modern Translation Studies (TS) made after thorough analysis of the most fundamental works written in various fields of TS. The review proves that not only the range of problems within TS is now more diversified, which is related to many changes in the nature of translation activity, but Translation Studies are an interdisciplinary science now and uses data from neighboring disciplines. Specific “turns” have occurred in Translation Studies, and new paradigms of translation investigation have emerged. The most important phenomena in Translation Studies include “cultural turn” and the so called “anthropocentric turn” that has given birth to communicative functional approach to translation. This approach implies “plunging” into the communicative situation of translation, and its analysis aimed at realizing the goal of translation by the translator/interpreter. It allows a more precise formulation of tasks solved by translators in both traditional types of translation (literary translation, religious translation, interpreting) and relatively new kinds of translation activity (audiovisual translation, localization). The article proves that translation proper is the main element of any activity performed by translators while any translation activity implies cultural adaptation of the text to the perception of the source text audience. The principal feature of Translation Studies is being practice-oriented, and their focus on the study of objective laws of translation activity. It enables translation scholars to understand peculiarities of various types of translation and to realize the essence of translation as a human activity.
In this work, cotton gin waste – CGW-phosphorus composts based on the waste of CGW and deposit Guliob phosphorite (GPh) were prepared, with wide mass ratios of CGW : GPh = 80 : 20; 75:25; 70 : 30; 65:35; 60 : 40; 55:45; 50 : 50; 45:55 and 40:60. The kinetics of the conversion of indigestible forms of phosphorus and calcium into a form assimilable for plants in poor GPh has been studied. It has been shown that an increase in the mass fraction of phosphate raw materials in relation to CGW leads to an increase in the content of the total form of phosphorus pentoxide in composts, but to a decrease in the relative content of the assimilable form of P2O5 and CaO. The longer the exposure time of CGW-phosphorite composts, the more forms of phosphorus and calcium digestible for plants.