«Hibatul haqoyiq» dostonida qadimgi turkiy tilga doir qator so‘zlar qo‘llanishda bo‘lgan. Maqolada mana shu so‘zlarning semalari, etimologiyasi yoritilgan. «Hibatul-haqoyiq»dagi leksik birliklar qadimgi turkiy til, Oltun yorug‘, Turfon matnlari, O‘rxun-Yenisey manbalari, qoraxoniylar davri hamda XIV asr manbalarida qo‘llanilgan so‘zlar bilan qiyosiy tahlil qilingan.
Mazkur maqolada Tursunzodaning fors-tojik mumtoz she’riyatining buyuk biluvchisi bo‘lganligi, O‘rta Osiyo xalqlari adabiyotini yaxshi bilganligi, klassikaga munosabati ishqiy munosabatda bo‘lgani aytiladi. U antik davrni ideallashtirmagan, uni o'zgarmagan deb hisoblagan, shuning uchun u o'zining qadimgi o'tmishdoshlari asarlarida adolatsizlik, dunyo va insonning uyg'unligining aksini izlagan va topgan. Tarjimaning o'zgaruvchanligini o'rganish aksiologik nuqtai nazardan emas, balki turli xil ijtimoiy-madaniy va izohli holatlar tufayli tarjimonning faoliyatdagi pozitsiyalarining o'zgaruvchanligining namoyon bo'lishi sifatida amalga oshiriladi.
Қишлоқ хўжалиги кўплаб хавфларга дуч келадиган соҳа саналади. Қишлоқ хўжалиги хавфлари давлатнинг озиқ-овқат хавфсизлигига ва бу орқали аҳолининг
турмуш даражасига тўғридан-тўғри таъсир қилиши оқибатида кўплаб илмий тадқиқотларининг объектига айланиб улгурган. Қишлоқ хўжалиги хафвлари ўзига хос
хусусиятларга эга. Шунингдек қишлоқ хўжалиги хавфларини таснифлаш тармоқ хавфларига хосдир. Мақолада хавфларни таснифлашнинг иккита асосий тамойили кўриб чиқилган ва гураҳларга бўлиш тамойили асосида таснифлаш модели таклиф этилган.
Ammiakli selitra suyuqlanmasi va kukunsimon tabiiy gips (TG) hamda ammoniy sulfati ((NH4)2SO4) bilan aralashtirish yo‘li orqali olingan NS-o`g`itlar donalarining mustahkamligi, gigroskopik nuqtasi, suv bug‘larini yutish kinetikasi va namlikni yutish sig‘imlarini aniqlash natijalari keltirilgan.
Shell and tube heat exchangers are fundamental components in the chemical industry, responsible for efficient heat transfer processes critical for various manufacturing operations. As the chemical industry continues to evolve and strive for increased efficiency and sustainability, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has emerged as a promising avenue to optimize the operation and performance of these heat exchangers. This paper explores the current state of shell and tube heat exchangers in the chemical industry and investigates the pivotal role that AI plays in improving their efficiency, reliability, and overall effectiveness. We delve into the applications of AI in the design, monitoring, and control of heat exchangers, highlighting key benefits and challenges associated with its implementation.
The article examines the linguistic personality of the translator, his knowledge, skills, and competence in the implementation of interpretation in the framework of intercultural communication, in which he is a participant and in which he takes an active position, acting as a mediator between representatives of different languages and cultures.
The article presents a review of the key trends in modern Translation Studies (TS) made after thorough analysis of the most fundamental works written in various fields of TS. The review proves that not only the range of problems within TS is now more diversified, which is related to many changes in the nature of translation activity, but Translation Studies are an interdisciplinary science now and uses data from neighboring disciplines. Specific “turns” have occurred in Translation Studies, and new paradigms of translation investigation have emerged. The most important phenomena in Translation Studies include “cultural turn” and the so called “anthropocentric turn” that has given birth to communicative functional approach to translation. This approach implies “plunging” into the communicative situation of translation, and its analysis aimed at realizing the goal of translation by the translator/interpreter. It allows a more precise formulation of tasks solved by translators in both traditional types of translation (literary translation, religious translation, interpreting) and relatively new kinds of translation activity (audiovisual translation, localization). The article proves that translation proper is the main element of any activity performed by translators while any translation activity implies cultural adaptation of the text to the perception of the source text audience. The principal feature of Translation Studies is being practice-oriented, and their focus on the study of objective laws of translation activity. It enables translation scholars to understand peculiarities of various types of translation and to realize the essence of translation as a human activity.
Ishda paxta tozalash zavodi chiqindisi (PTZCH) va Guliob fosforiti (GF) asosida PTZCH : GF = 80 : 20; 75 : 25; 70 : 30; 65 : 35; 60 : 40; 55 : 45; 50 : 50; 45 : 55 va 40 : 60 keng ogʻirlik nisbatlarida kompostlar tayyorlangan. Tarkibi boʻyicha juda kambagʻal GF da oʻsimlik oʻzlashtira olmaydigan fosfor va kalsiy shakllarining oʻzlashuvchan shakllarga oʻtish tezligi oʻrganilgan. GF ulushining PTZCH ga nisbatan oshib borishi kompostlarda umumiy shakldagi fosfor besh oksidi miqdorining ortishiga, ammo R2O5 va SaO oʻzlashuvchan shakllarining nisbatan kamayishiga olib kelishi koʻrsatilgan. PTZCHli-fosforitli kompostlarning saqlash vaqti ortishi bilan ulardagi fosfor va kalsiy oʻzlashuvchan shakllari koʻpayishi aniqlangan.