Прободение язвы желудка или двенадцатиперстной кишки - одно из самых грозных осложнений язвенной болезни, сопровождающееся вытеканием содержимого желудка или двенадцатиперстной кишки в свободную брюшную полость и требующее срочного оперативного вмешательства. Прободение язвы в свободную брюшную полость наблюдается у 5-10% всех язвенных больных (В.С. Савельев с соавт., 2008; Ш.И.Каримов с соавт., 2010, Ю.М.Ахмедов с соавт., 2012).
Postoperative adhesion formation is the most common complication in general surgical practice with a frequency of more than 90% after abdominal surgery and up to 70% after thoracic surgery (Aysan E. et al. 2020, Banka R. et al. 2018). The frequency of relaparotomy and retorakotomy, according to various literature data, is estimated at 63% -97% (Bhatnagar R. et al. 2016, De Wilde RL et al. 2016). Repeated surgical procedures are more time-consuming and technically difficult, which, in turn, creates a potential risk of damage to vital structures. The paper analyzes the results of experimental and morphological studies, substantiates the effectiveness of the prevention of adhesion formation by using a domestic anti-adhesion agent in the form of a powder from cellulose derivatives. The biological safety of the new anti-adhesive coating has been determined under experimental conditions. 32 white outbred rats were used as experimental animals.
Polypoid rhinosinusitis is quite common, but oddly enough, poorly understood pathology of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. The very name "polyp" (from the Greek poly - many and pus -leg) is a collective term used to refer to pathological formations of various origins, towering above the surface of the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory and urinary tract, and uterus. Polyps represent a rather variegated picture of a wide variety of diseases, far from homogeneous in etiological, pathogenetic and morphological terms from benign tumors to hyperplastic formations of an allergic or inflammatory nature. Therefore, it makes no sense to look for any analogies in the etiology and pathogenesis of polyps of the paranasal sinuses and, for example,the gastrointestinal tract or urinary tract. Polypoid rhinosinusitis is a completely independent disease, in no way associated with polyps of other localizations, neither etiologically, nor morphologically, nor pathogenetically. Polyps of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses have nothing to do with the group of benign tumors, although sometimes they are mistakenly placed in the textbooks in the section "Benign nasal tumors". In the presence of a large number of polyps, the term "polyposis" is used, although the border between the concepts "multiple polyps" and "polyposis" is arbitrary. According to most researchers, the term "polyposis" should be used when the number of polyps is more than 10 - 20. Sometimes you can find the term "polyposis of the nose", which is not entirely correct grammatically or "nasal polyposis", like tracing paper with "nasal polyposis", the most the designation of this disease common in the English-language literature. But still, from our point of view, the most legitimate name for this etiopathogenetic form will be "polyposis rhinosinusitis", since it is the paranasal sinuses and, first of all, the cells of the ethmoid labyrinth that are the place of localization of this process.
Сhuqur kesma okklyuziyasi bo'lgan bemorlarni distal okklyuzion bilan birgalikda yuqori kesma tishlarning retrusioni bilan davolashda okklyuzion tekislikni tuzatish bosqichi muhim ahamiyatga ega . Okklyuzion tekislikni to'g'rilash tishlarni sagittal tekislikda to'g'ri joylashishi bilan ajratish yo'li bilan amalga oshiriladi, bu esa tishning lateral qismlarida dentoalveolyar cho'zilishni olish imkonini beradi .
The results of surgical treatment of 126 patients with acute obstructive calculous cholecystitis were analyzed. Depending on the nature of performed operations all patients were divided into 2 groups: control group - 50 patients who underwent traditional cholecystectomy and main group - 76 patients who underwent LCE.
In the main group in case of impossibility to identify the elements of the gallbladder neck the author developed an original technique of LCE performance, which was performed in 37 patients, that allowed to perform even technically difficult operations by laparoscopic way, reducing the percentage of conversions to a minimum.
The author developed a technique of gallbladder and its bed sanation with 0.4% EVR of sodium hypochlorite and ozonized solutions, which allowed to prevent contamination of the abdominal cavity with infected gallbladder contents, and sanation of its bed and subhepatic space with ozonized solution, spread of the pathological process into the abdominal cavity.
The author developed the tactics of management and surgical treatment of patients with acute obturation cholecystitis, which allowed to improve the results of treatment of this category of patients and reduce the frequency of postoperative complications and lethality.
Based on the analysis of clinical results, indications and contraindications for laparoscopic interventions on the gallbladder in acute cholecystitis were developed.
The developed method of LCE, sanation of the gallbladder cavity and its bed by the proposed antiseptics, application of the developed tactics of treatment of patients with acute obturation cholecystitis allowed to reduce the treatment time from 18.2 + 5.6 to 6.1 + 1.9 days, to reduce the incidence of postoperative complications from 26% to 1.3%.
Suyak to'qimalari va inson tishlari qattiq to'qimalarining holatini o'rganish stomatologiya rivojlanishining hozirgi bosqichida dolzarb vazifa bo'lib, jag'ning suyak to'qimalari va qattiq to'qimalarining kasalliklarining yuqori tarqalishi to'g'risidagi ma'lumotlardan dalolat beradi. tishlar. Dentoalveolyar tizim to'qimalarining fizik-mexanik xususiyatlarini bilish uning turli xil yuklarga reaktsiyasining o'ziga xos xususiyatlarini baholash va davolash usullarini oqilona tanlash imkonini beradi. Jag'larning suyak to'qimalari va tishlarning qattiq to'qimalarining zichligini baholashda rentgen usullari, mikroradiografiya va gistomorfometriyaga alternativ ultratovush (US) soyali mikro-rodensitometriya bo'lishi mumkin. Ultratovushli soya mikrodensitometriyasi invaziv bo'lmagan va yuqori diagnostika imkoniyatlariga ega, bu esa bu usulni in vivo jonli ravishda jag'larning qattiq va suyak to'qimalarining zichligini baholashda xavfsiz deb tavsiflaydi.