The aim of study was hemodynamic profile at use propofol-ketamine versus propofol-promedol general anaesthesia. The age of examined 159 children was from 3 to 14 years who were admitted with different surgical pathology. MBP, CI, HR, SI, EF, SVR to hospital for routine surgery. The combination of propofol and ketamine in low-impact operations and propofol with promedol at traumatic and long-term operations provided adequate anesthesia which was characterized by stability of central and peripheral hemodynamics.
Any epidemic and pandemic that is a great stress or emergency leads to disruptions in the psycho-neurological system and human behavior. Psycho-emotional excitement in patients with severe Covid-19 dramatically reduces the effectiveness of non-invasive ventilation. Purpose of the study: to assess the efficacy, safety and impact on the quality of life of patients with dexmedetomidine and propofol against the background of a decrease in need for oxygen. The study included 21 patients with severe and extremely severe Covid-19. In the first group of patients with fear of death, a combination of drugs propofol + sibazone + fentanyl was used. In the second group, dexmedetomidine and promedol. Conclusions: in patients with a severe course of coronavirus infection, dexmedetomidine is more effective in reducing psycho neurological arousal and improving cognitive functions, which leads to an effective supply of oxygen and to their faster recovery.
The purpose of the study was to improve the quality of anesthesia during orthopedic operations in children using the opioid-sparing anesthesia technique.
Materials and methods. The course of anesthesia was analyzed in 48 patients aged 3 to 14 years, during orthopedic operations in children. The distribution of patients into groups was carried out depending on the technique of anesthesia. Group 1 (main) consisted of 25 children who underwent general anesthesia using low doses of fentanyl, sevoflurane and propofol. group 2 (control) - 23 children who underwent general anesthesia with fentanyl and propofol. Echocardiography was used to determine hemodynamic parameters. The dynamics of changes in the level of cortisol in the blood and the concentration of catecholamines (adrenaline, norepinephrine, dopamine) in daily urine was studied. Results. In children of the first group, during the introductory period of anesthesia, there was a decrease in CI, an increase in heart rate and UPS. Stroke index (SI), mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac index (CI) changed insignificantly compared to the previous stage of the study. In the children of the second group in the most traumatic stages of the operation, there was an increase in SI, HR, and AI. In the most traumatic stages of the operation and after the operation in children of the first group, there was a tendency to increase cortisol, in the second group of patients, an increase in cortisol was noted.
The purpose of the study. Optimization of anesthesia by using the low-opioid anesthesia technique for thoracoplasty in children.
Materials and methods. Analyzed the course of anesthesia in 48 patients aged 3 to 14 years, operations for pectus excavatum in children. The distribution of patients into groups was carried out depending on the technique of anesthesia. Group 1 (main) consisted of 25 children who underwent general anesthesia using low doses of fentanyl, sevoflurane and propofol. group 2 (control) - 23 children who underwent general anesthesia with fentanyl and propofol. Echocardiography was used to determine hemodynamic parameters. The dynamics of changes in the level of cortisol in the blood and the concentration of catecholamines (adrenaline, norepinephrine, dopamine) in the blood was studied.
Results. In children of the first group, during the introductory period of anesthesia, there was a decrease in CI, an increase in heart rate and UPS. Stroke index (SI), mean arterial pressure (MAP),
cardiac index (CI) changed insignificantly compared to the previous stage of the study. In the children of the second group in the most traumatic stages of the operation, there was an increase in SI, HR, and AI. In the most traumatic stages of the operation and after the operation in children of the first group, there was a tendency to increase cortisol, in the second group of patients, an increase in cortisol was noted.
В педиатрии для проведения управляемой анестезии широко используется внутривенный анестетик ультракороткого действия – пропофол. Широкое применение пропофол нашел в анестезиологических пособиях с использованием ларингеальной маски, в том числе и у детей. Разработчики данного препарата и исследователи – практики не рекомендуют применение пропофола у детей в возрасте до 3-х лет. Но в настоящее время появляются сообщения об его успешном применении и у детей раннего возраста.
В современной анестезиологии все чаще применяются более безопасные неопиатные методики послеоперационного обезболивания, такие как эпидуральноеобезболивания, назначение НПВС и ингибиторов NMDA-рецепторов, основанные на принципе мультимодальности. Однако традиционное обезболивание слабыми опиатами не создает определенного комфорта, что сопряжено с частыми осложнениями и нежелательными побочными эффектами.
Was assessing both the effectiveness and safety of anesthetic management and optimizing postoperative anesthesia under conditions of multimodal anesthesia abdominal operations in children. The authors examined 61 children aged 1 to 14 years with abdominal operations (malformations, diseases, and abdominal organ injuries). To ensure anesthetic protection, patients underwent combined general anesthesia with propofol and fentanyl (induction) with inhalation of sevoflurane + propofol intra venous (maintenance) in combination with epidural blockade with bupivacaine. According to surgical intervention, the arrangement of perioperative analgesic protection provided a favorable correction of the hemodynamic status of patients, a decrease in inhalation anesthetic, promoted a smooth course of the postoperative period, a long painless period, an excellent psychoemotional background, and rapid postoperative recovery
Качество поддержания анестезии, а также пробуждения и восстановления в послеоперационном периоде напрямую влияют на качество оказания медицинских услуг, комфорт и удовлетворенность пациентов в педиатрической практике и их родителей. Наиболее часто в современной анестезиологии применяются ингаляционные анестетики в связи с удобством их использования независимо от возраста у детей, в том числе и при лапароскопических оперативных вмешательствах. Самыми современными препратами этой группы являются севофлуран
Актуальной проблемой клинической анестезиологии является адекватная и управляемая анестезиологическая защита детского организма от хирургической агрессии. Оперативные вмешательства в абдоминальной области характеризуются максимальной степенью хирургической агрессии и радикализмом, что обусловлено характером и степенью выраженности вызванных им нарушений функций
Травматичная боль при абдоминальных операциях у детей сопровождается гиперактивацией симпатической нервной системы, что клинически проявляется тахикардией, гипертензией и повышением периферического сосудистого сопротивления. На этом фоне у пациентов высокого риска, особенно страдющих недостаточносью коронарного кровообращения, высока вероятность резкого увеличения потребности миокарда в кислороде. Эффективность обезболивания определяется оценкой остояния жизнено-важных функций, прежде состояния центральной гемодинамики. Обезболивание таких операций можно достичь применением центральных аналгетиков (ЦА)
Aim of the study was assess both the effectiveness and safety of anesthetic management and optimizing postoperative anesthesia under conditions of multimodal anesthesia and analgesia during abdominal operations in children.
Patients and methods. The authors examined 58 children aged 1 to 17 years with abdominal operations (malformations, diseases, and abdominal organ injuries). To ensure anesthetic protection, patients underwent combined general anesthesia with propofol and fentanil (induction) with inhalation of sevoflurane + propofol intra venous (maintenance) in combination with epidural blockade with bupivacaine.
Results. According to surgical intervention, the arrangement of perioperative analgesic protection provided a favorable correction of the hemodynamic status of patients, a decrease in inhalation anesthetic, promoted a smooth course of the postoperative period, a long painless period, an excellent psychoemotional background, and rapid postoperative recovery.
Боль и ее эквиваленты – одна из самых частых причин обращения детского населения за медицинской помощью. Послеоперационное болевой синдром связан с действием патогенного раздражителя и характеризуется субъективно неприятными ощущениями, а также существенными изменениями в организме вплоть до серьезных нарушений его жизнедеятельности [3-9]. Воздействующие боль на организм детского организма как феномен соматосенсорной сферы может сопровождаться моторными, вегетативными, аффективными и другими проявлениями. Почти для каждого перенесшие абдоминальные операции характерно возникновения послеоперационного болевого синдрома, купирования которого улучшает качество жизни пациентов [10-13].
Prevention and elimination of increased intraocular pressure is one of the most important tasks of an anesthesiologist during ophthalmic operations, therefore, the search for optimal anesthesia schemes is an urgent problem of modern anesthesiology. The aim of the work was to evaluate the effectiveness of combined methods of anesthesia in intraocular surgery in children by analyzing hemodynamic parameters. We examined 46 children who needed ophthalmological operations. The following anesthesia schemes were used: sevoflurane + fentanyl (group 1), propofol + fentanyl (group 2). Anesthesia effectiveness was assessed on the basis of clinical data with monitoring of the main hemodynamic and respiratory parameters. The results showed that the anesthesia regimens used were characterized by a smooth clinical course, while maintaining the stability of the main hemodynamic parameters.
The aim of the study. To improve the quality of perioperative analgesia by combined multimodal use of paracetamol and ketorolac tromethamine in children after abdominal surgery.
Materials and methods. 48 children (6–17 years old) with choledochal, pancreatic cysts, hepatic echinococcosis, and abdominal trauma. The study period was from January 2021 to January 2022. Group 1 (main group, n=28): baseline analgesia - 15 min before surgery, intravenous paracetamol administration at 25–30 mg/kg. In order to prevent postoperative pain syndrome 15 minutes before the end of the surgery, we administered ketorolac and tromethamine in a dose of 0.5 mg/kg. Pain relief was repeated 6-8 h later with ketorolac at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg. Group 2 (comparison, n=20), who received 0.2 – 0.3 mg/kg promedol (trimeperidin) in the postoperative period. Both groups received standard endotracheal anaesthesia (propofol + fentanyl + arduan against the background of Low-flow anaesthesia with sevoflurane MAK=1). Systemic haemodynamics, C-reactive protein, and glucose were investigated, and a visual analogue scale was applied at the main stages of the study.
Results: Analysis of the parameters of central hemodynamics, parameters of the operational stress response and clinical data showed that in the postoperative period, sufficient analgesic effect was established only in children in group 1 with the preventive combined administration of paracetamol and ketorolac on the operating table, which allows recommending them in the practice of perioperative analgesia during abdominal surgical interventions.
Conclusions. Optimised method of preventive (preoperative) use of paracetamol in children at a dose of 25–30 mg/kg during abdominal surgery followed by administration of ketorolac tromethamine (15 minutes before the end of the surgery) increases the degree of nociceptive protection. It ensures high efficiency of postoperative pain relief, which allows to recommend it in the practice of perioperative analgesia for the above abdominal surgical interventions in children
Седация может повысить комфорт пациента во время спинальной анестезии. Понимание взаимосвязи между концентрацией пропофола и уровнем седации пациента позволит достичь желаемого уровня седации с минимальными побочными эффектами.
Биспектральный (BIS) мониторинг обеспечивает объективное неинвазивное измерение уровня сознания у пациентов, находящихся под седацией. Было показано, что седация повышает удовлетворенность пациентов во время регионарной анестезии. Пропофол широко используется в качестве седативного средства. В этом исследовании мы стремились определить, является ли BIS полезным дополнительным маневром для снижения седативной дозы пропофола с помощью BIS.
Седация может повысить комфорт пациента во время спинальной анестезии. Понимание взаимосвязи между концентрацией пропофола и уровнем седации пациента позволит достичь желаемого уровня седации с минимальными побочными эффектами. Биспектральный (BIS) мониторинг обеспечивает объективное неинвазивное измерение уровня сознания у пациентов, находящихся под седацией. Было показано, что седация повышает удовлетворенность пациентов во время регионарной анестезии. Пропофол широко используется в качестве седативного средства. В этом исследовании мы стремились определить, является ли BIS полезным дополнительным маневром для снижения седативной дозы пропофола с помощью BIS.
The data from the study of the state of central hemodynamics testified to the effectiveness of the used variants of anesthesia with fentanyl in combination with sevoflurane and the variant of anesthesia with fentanyl in combination with propofol in the anesthetic management of congenital hip dislocation. The paper assesses the state of the circulatory system in children with congenital hip dislocation. The development of rational options for pain relief has identified the advantages of combined anesthesia with fentanyl and sevoflurane. The study of indicators of daily monitoring of blood pressure, heart rate, study of indicators of central hemodynamics made it possible to determine the nature and type of regulation of the circulatory system under the conditions of the recommended methods of combined anesthesia for surgical correction of congenital hip dislocation in children.