The purpose of this study was to analyze the literary sources of recent years dedicated to the degree of occurrence, the structure of morbidity and the pathogenetic basis of parasitic infections occurring in children. In addition, the features of the detection of nematodes, cestodoses and rematodes in different countries of the world are given. The basics of diagnosis and prevention of parasitic infections in children are described.
Hospital or nosocomial infections are the most common complication in patients in intensive care units and the leading cause of death in both surgical and somatic patients. Despite the presence of a large number of antibacterial drugs in the doctor's arsenal, the results of HI treatment remain unsatisfactory. In recent years, there has been a steady trend towards an increase in the resistance of hospital strains of microorganisms to the most commonly used antibacterial drugs in the clinic. Approximately 90% of all nosocomial infections are caused by bacteria, a distinctive feature of which is resistance to many groups of antibacterial drugs (multiresistance). This is what causes difficulties in the treatment of nosocomial infections, predetermining the low efficiency and high cost of treatment. Resistant strains form under the influence of widely and inappropriately used antibiotics at both prehospital and hospital levels. They can enter the hospital from the body of carrier patients. The transfer of bacteria from patient to patient involves the staff of medical institutions in the process of caring for patients, performing diagnostic procedures, etc. The problem of nosocomial infection, including through respiratory equipment, is very acute due to the increased development of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Along with the impossibility of ensuring the sterilization of anesthesia and respiratory equipment after each patient, there is a serious problem of effective antibacterial therapy of NPV in hospitals.
The intricate interplay between viral infections and cardiovascular complications has become a focal point of research attention. This period of extensive investigation has uncovered substantial connections between various viruses and cardiovascular diseases, including cytomegalovirus (CMV), coxsackievirus, influenza, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), as well as coxsackievirus A and B, enteroviruses, adenovirus, and parvovirus B19. These viruses exert diverse influences on cardiovascular health through multiple pathways, contributing to endothelial dysfunction, causing direct damage to cardiac tissue, and triggering inflammatory responses. The intricate interplay between viral infections and cardiovascular health emphasizes the importance of considering viral pathogens in the context of cardiovascular disease development, clinical management practices, and future research initiatives. This systematic review thoroughly examines the cardiovascular impacts resulting from various viral infections, shedding light on their underlying mechanisms and associated clinical implications. These valuable insights can inform clinical management strategies, preventive measures, and further investigations into the complex connection between viral infections and cardiovascular diseases, highlighting the necessity for ongoing research and vigilance in understanding and managing these pathogen-induced cardiac manifestations.
Viral hepatitis C (HCV) is one of the most important problems of modern medicine. According to WHO statistics, there are between 500 and 700 million HCV carriers worldwide. The aim of the study was to study the clinical and immunological features of the course of chronic viral hepatitis C, depending on the genotype of the virus, and to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of immunological disorders. The clinical and laboratory features of the course of chronic viral hepatitis C depending on the genotype of the virus, the immunological features of the course of chronic viral hepatitis C depending on the genotype of the virus were studied, the diagnostic and prognostic value of immunological indicators as objective criteria for assessing the severity of the disease and the prognosis of the disease was determined. We examined 83 patients with chronic viral hepatitis, 35-50 years old with chronic viral hepatitis C, and 20 practically healthy individuals of the same age and gender.
This comparative study delves into the intricate relationships among interleukin-10 (IL-10), cholesterol levels, and blood glucose levels in geohelminth-positive adolescents and adults. Geohelminth infections, prevalent in many regions, present a unique context to explore the immunomodulatory effects on IL-10 and its potential impact on metabolic parameters. Utilizing a comprehensive approach, the research aims to unravel the symbiotic dynamics between immune response, cholesterol regulation, and glucose metabolism in individuals harboring geohelminth infections. Insights from this study hold promise for understanding the interplay between parasitic infections and metabolic health.
Проведены клинические, бактериологические исследования у детей в возрасте от 6 месяцев до 3 лет, находившиеся на лечении в стационаре по поводу диареи неясной этиологии. Отягощающим фактором для роста грибов рода Candida, является часто нерациональное применение антибиотиков широкого спектра действия. Ассоциации грибов рода Candida с острыми диареями способствует более длительному сохранению интоксикации, кишечной дисфункции и удлиняют сроки выздоровления.
Viral hepatitis (VH) belongs to the category of infectious diseases of the human body that develop under the influence of viruses, which are diverse in nature, in the ways of their spread and transmission from a patient to a healthy person and have one identical attribute - liver damage. VG is an atroponous infection, which means that their pathogens in natural conditions can only be present in the human body.
In hepatitis of viral origin, pathogens have a selective similarity (tropism) to liver cells. For this reason, the early location of viruses and their replication (reproduction) are manifested mainly in the liver tissue, primarily in liver cells (hepatocytes).
According to the nature and duration of development, hepatitis of viral origin is divided into acute and chronic. The threshold among these two types of disease is relatively taken into account 6 months from the onset of the disease or in certain patients from the onset of infection (if the disease does not develop) and up to 6 months - acute hepatitis B or acute virus carrier, after 6 months - chronic hepatitis or chronic virus carrier. [4; 8].
According to WHO, in different countries of the world more than 2 billion people are infected with viral hepatitis (VH), while about 350 million are carriers of hepatitis B and 500 million of hepatitis C [3; 5].
All known hepatitis viruses are present in the CIS countries. In relation to parenteral infections of viral hepatitis, the CIS countries belong to the region with a moderate incidence rate (35.2 cases per 100,000 people). In Tatarstan, the share of viral hepatitis "B" and "C" in the total number of viral hepatitis is 80%. According to some authors [1], the number of so-called "virus carriers" of infection is growing in our republic, more than 10,000-12,000 primary carriers of hepatitis B and C viruses are registered annually. However, the registered incidence is only a part of the true incidence and only the visible part of the "iceberg". This is due to the fact that most cases of hepatitis B occur outside the scope of medical diagnosis, without jaundice and with minor clinical symptoms. However, the anicteric form of parenteral hepatitis is less dangerous than the icteric form in terms of infection and consequences [10].
Viral hepatitis B and C belong to the group of viral hepatitis with a parenteral transmission mechanism. These pathogenic viruses are taxonomically distinct. Common features are the parenteral transmission mechanism and the obligatory circulation of the virus in the blood [7].
Viral hepatitis B is a strictly parenteral infection caused by the IIBV virus, including CMV; IIBV is highly resistant to cold, heat, chemical and physical attack. It persists for 3 months at room temperature and 25 years in dried plasma; a direct correlation has been demonstrated between IIBV duration and blood levels. [6].
The source of transmission of the virus (HBV) can be all forms of acute and chronic HBV, as well as virus carriers. More important as the main source of infection for the epidemic potential are chronic forms of HBV infection than acute ones. An important role is played by chronic carriers of HbsAg and patients with clinically icteric form of IIBV; the ability of IIBV to persist for a long time, often for life, in the human body is considered as an ecological form of its existence [3; 5].
The most fully studied artificial (artifacial) ways of HBV infection as a result of various parenteral therapeutic, diagnostic, therapeutic and non-medical manipulations, leading to a violation of the integrity of the mucous membranes and skin. The source of infection can be contaminated blood products, medical equipment and instruments, transplanted organs and tissues; transfusion of blood or blood products containing HBV can also cause infection (post-transfusion hepatitis) [8; 11].
In addition to medical procedures, non-medical parenteral injections are of paramount importance in the transmission of IIBV infections. This is especially true of intravenous administration of drugs, which has become widespread in recent years. According to a number of authors [2], it has been shown that in recent years there has been a rapid increase in the number of patients with acute viral hepatitis "B", which is associated with the use of intravenous drugs, and a quantitative increase in the incidence is observed among young men aged 15 to 30 years. . Below is a list of the most common causes of acute viral hepatitis B.
The purpose of this study is to substantiate the functional features of periodontal tissues in chronic hepatitis B, C and mixed infection B + C.
The article provides data on the fauna and distribution of parasitic phytonematodes of pomegranate agrocenoses in the southern regions of Uzbekistan. The study revealed 30 parasitic species (22 ectoparasitic and 8 endoparasitic) of phytonematodes belonging to 2 orders, 8 families and 12 genera. It is defined that around root soil and root system of pomegranate plant are met such species as Longidorus elongatus, Xiphinema opisthohysterum, Tylenchorhynchus cylindricus, Bitylenchus dubius, Quinisulcius capitatus, Merlinius brevidens, Rotylenchus robustus, Helicotylenchus dihystera, H. erythrinae, Paratylenchus hamatus, Pratylenchus pratensis, Mеloidogyne incognita, M. javanica and Ditylenchus dipsaci.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal property of Parangi Rasayanam, a Siddha drug, through in vitro screening. Parangi Rasayanam is a traditional herbal formulation used in Siddha medicine, a system of traditional medicine practiced in South India. Fungal infections pose a significant health burden, and alternative treatments are sought to combat drug-resistant strains. In this study, Parangi Rasayanam was subjected to in vitro testing against a panel of clinically relevant fungal strains. The findings demonstrate the potential antifungal activity of Parangi Rasayanam and provide a basis for further investigation and development of this Siddha drug as a therapeutic agent. Parangi Rasayanam is a traditional Siddha drug formulation used in South India, known for its medicinal properties. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the antifungal property of Parangi Rasayanam through in vitro screening against clinically relevant fungal strains. Standard methods such as agar disk diffusion and broth microdilution assays were employed to assess the inhibitory activity of Parangi Rasayanam. Our findings demonstrated significant antifungal activity of Parangi Rasayanam against a range of fungal strains, including Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Trichophyton rubrum. These results support the traditional claims of Parangi Rasayanam's antifungal potential and highlight its potential as an alternative treatment for fungal infections. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the active constituents and mechanisms of action of Parangi Rasayanam and to assess its efficacy and safety in clinical settings. The development of Parangi Rasayanam as an antifungal therapeutic agent holds promise in combating drug-resistant fungal infections.
Non-rheumatic myocardial diseases are one of the most common pathologies of the heart in children. Infectious diseases are the most common pathology of childhood, against which the cardiovascular system is involved in the pathological process. Approximately 1-5% of patients with acute viral infection may have a myocardial lesion. The causative agents of many common infections can have a direct or indirect damaging effect on the heart muscle. Myocarditis can cause almost all known infections. Viral, viral bacterial infections, chronic foci of infection, allergies contribute to the development of carditis. In children 1-3 years old, carditis develops in the early stages, in the acute period of infection, occurs in moderate and severe forms. In children 4-7 years of age, signs of carditis are detected 15-20 days and later after the infection, it occurs in moderate and mild forms. Therapy, dispensary supervision contribute to the rehabilitation of children, prevent the chronization of carditis.