After our country gained independence, attention to our national values and identity increased. After gaining independence, Uzbekistan has traveled a difficult and honorable path in the past years. First President of the Republic of Uzbekistan I.A. In the first days of our freedom, Karimov said, "Our path to independence and development is not a path covered with flowers, it is a difficult, long-lasting path of getting rid of the legacy of totalitarianism and purification, eliminating the damage caused by the evil of ideology." is", we once again understand how deep the meaning of life is at the heart of his words. After the independence of our country, the rights of our people acquired during the former autocratic regime, our national traditions, customs and values, self-awareness, and the priority of justice became the criteria of our life.Thanks to independence, a wide way has been opened to study the rich, historical, scientific, cultural and spiritual heritage of the Uzbek people, and to use it as an invaluable property of the nation. Spiritual wealth, values are the priceless treasure and source of development of the state, nation, and individual.
The article analyzes the peculiarities of
ensuring judicial independence by the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In addition, theoretical aspects of judicial independence are scrutinized. It is suggested to
classify judicial independence based on a new approach.
The topic scope of Uzbek literature of the period of independence shifted from the social front to the human being, to the psyche of man. It can be said that the main feature of the literature of this period is also the dedication to the study of the human psyche and its evolution. The border of traditional realism has been pushed, it is time to open new horizons in Uzbek prose. Literary critic Begali Kasimov, evaluating Uzbek literary studies of the independence period, said that" the greatest achievement of Uzbek literary studies of the independence period over the past 12 years has been the establishment of the study and assessment of our centuries-old literature on national-aesthetic grounds."
In Uzbek poetry of the independence period, which is a legitimate part of world literature, special attention is paid to the generalization of scientific theoretical views on the creative worldview and creative philosophy of the socio historical period, the artistic perception of reality in poetry and the study of artistic realization. The intensification of the desire for the deep artistic development of the human spiritual world in the poetry of the independence period is associated with the renewal of the period, the historical environment and the artistic thinking of the creators themselves. The harmony of poetry and literary-aesthetic views is a direct result of the synthesis of the principles of creative phenomenon, personality, perception of the world, which is reflected in the author's "I". Image poetics plays an important role in revealing the creative concept and uniting it into a common denominator. The perfection of the product of artistic thinking as a synthesized system is determined by the level of creative thinking and talent. The work of Amir Khudoiberdi is one of such events in the history of national artistic thought, and in the works of the poet created in different genres, he expresses the life, dreams and will of the people in different socio-historical periods. The poet's tendency to create a holistic artistic history of the Uzbek people in the twentieth century is explained by the vast opportunities provided by independence, the end of ideological monopoly, the restoration of national values, the renewal of literary and aesthetic views, the translation of world literature into Uzbek. The transition from the depiction of things to the depiction of ideas has changed the content of artistic creation, while enriching the formal, semantic scale of artistic research.
Close acquaintance with world poetry has long served as one of the important factors in the renewal of our national literature, separated from its spiritual sources- religious and mystical literature, classical and modern literature. The content of the themes of emotional literature is characterized by a focus on the person, not directly on reality. The synthesis of world literary traditions can be seen in the works of Fakhriyor, Ulugbek Hamdam, Bahrom Ruzimuhammad, Farida Afroz, Nodira Afokova, Zebo Mirzaeva, Khosiyat Rustamova, Gozal Begim. Amir Khudoiberdi is also one of the poets of this literary generation who has his own creative credo and works in various genres. Any national literature manifests itself as a systematic, evolving stable phenomenon only in the harmony of different ideologies, styles, views, approaches, ideas, and even contradictions. Only then can it be a true metaphorical representation of being. Amir Khudoiberdi is one of the new generation of artists who lived in a complex and controversial period and saw and understood the subjective approaches to the literature of the Soviet era. A comprehensive scientific study of the creative style, individuality and mastery in the poetry of the independence period on the example of the work of a poet, the generalization of scientific and theoretical views on the poetry of this period gives important conclusions, this scientific research is the product of such a necessary need. In Uzbek literature, the works of Amir Khudoiberdi have not yet been comprehensively studied. The study of the poet’s work is also important in determining the influence, position, and place of local artists in literature. Also, the issue of art and literature, which is one of the means of spiritual and educational environment, education and their formation in our country, has always been in the forefront. Therefore, as the President of Uzbekistan Sh.M.Mirziyoev said: “...attention to literature and art, culture is first of all attention to our people, attention to our future, as our great poet Cholpon said, we have no right to forget that literature, culture and nation can live ”. This fact also determines the relevance of the topic.
Accordingly, this study is based on the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated February 7, 2017 No. PF-4947 "On the Strategy for further development of the Republic of Uzbekistan", dated September 13, 2017 No. PQ- 3271 "Development of the system of publishing and distribution of books. to a certain extent in the implementation of the tasks set out in the Resolution "On a comprehensive program of measures to improve and promote the culture of reading and reading" and other regulations related to this activity.
The study of the ethnogenesis and ethnic history of the Uzbek people began in the last quarter of the XIX century. In the twentieth century, many scientific researches have been conducted in this field. After the independence of Uzbekistan, the study of this topic has become a topical issue. In addition to ethnographic, archeological, anthropological, linguistic researches, the problems have been studied in the field of source studies. In the first years of independence, various scientific approaches to study ethnogenesis and ethnic history of the Uzbek people emerged. Researchers have abandoned the ideological stereotypes that prevailed in the Soviet era and conducted scientific research. The writing of historical works changed theoretically and methodologically, and began to write the history of the people objectively. The theoretical and methodological approach that emerged during the Soviet era and the use of published literature also continued. Source studies made researchs in the field of the history of the Turkic peoples, their historical formation, geographical location, ethnic
processes, the role of the Turkic peoples in public administration, socio-economic relations of
the Turkic peoples in the Middle Ages. Much attention was paid to highlighting the place of
the Turkic peoples in history. Ancient Arabic-Persian sources explored ethnic and ethno-
political processes in the Central Asian region. During the years of independence, the study
of ancient Chinese sources developed. In the ancient Chinese sources it has collected
information about the peoples of Central Asia. The names and location of the unknown Turkish tribes have been clarified. The literature published by the source scholar Ablat Khodjaev provided with new information on the history of the peoples of Central Asia in ancient Chinese sources. Researcher X.M.Mamadaliev studied the peoples of the region, ethnic processes in Central Asia in the IX-XII centuries, in particular, the formation of the ethnogenesis of the Uzbek people, the processes of statehood on the basis of Arabic sources. In recent years, Shamsiddin Kamoliddin interpreted the terms “Uzbek” and “Uzbekistan” in ancient Arabic-Persian sources. There are also articles about Uzbek tribes. During the years of independence, as a result of source studies, a number of scientific works, a small number of dissertations, many articles on the ethnogenesis and ethnic history of the Uzbek people were published. A number of issues on the subject remained open. The article provides a systematic analysis of the study of this problem in source studies. The views and scientific approaches of source scholars on the ethnogenesis and ethnic history of the Uzbek people are also covered.
After independence focused on Uzbekistan, attention began to be paid to Uzbek football at the state level. In each region of our republic, consistent measures were taken to develop football infrastructure, raise the level of teams, and support young talents. In the years of our country's independence, a number of decrees and decisions were adopted in order to further develop the football type of sport and strengthen the legal foundations of the field. According to the implementation of these decrees and decisions, promising changes were made in the football of our country. Special attention was paid to the training of football players, improvement of training systems and ensuring their effectiveness. As a result of this, together with our clubs, our national teams have been taking part in continental and international competitions. In this article, in the years of independence, the creation of regulatory and legal bases for the promotion of football, which has a large number of fans among popular sports in our country, as well as the achievements and results of Uzbek football in this period are analyzed in detail.
Since its formation under the auspices of the International Olympic Committee, the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) has had to contend with allegations about its impartiality and independence. Some scholars believe that the CAS still lacks independence and impartiality considering the appeals sent to the Swiss Federal Tribunal by athletes, and also its funding which comes from international sports federations. This article seeks to shed light on several issues concerning the CAS’s independence from the sports governing bodies and the International Olympic Committee, as well as the impartiality of its appointed arbitrators when resolving sports related disputes between players and clubs.
This article discusses the poetry of the People's Poet of Uzbekistan Muhammad Yusuf, his style, the way of expression, and gives examples to prove them. His love for his homeland, using simple words, reaches the depths of the human heart, encourages them to love the history and traditions of our country, urges them not to forget our ancestors who left their mark on the past, to think about Islam as a believer. The period in which Muhammad Yusuf lived was the period of the Soviet regime. Of course, he not only wants his country to be independent, but also strives to contribute to the path to independence, emphasizes his readiness to sacrifice his life for the Motherland, and rebels against chauvinism. As a result of the excessive pressure, injustice and slander against our country by the Center of the former Soviet regime at that time, the poet, as a staunch supporter of the Motherland, rebelled and called on the people to wake up. Poems dedicated to the traitors and traitors who sold their homeland are written among our people, and the theme of indifference to the fate of other nations, including the Crimean Tatar people, is raised. He denounced the war in Afghanistan during the stagnation, saying that the Afghan and Uzbek peoples have always been friends and enemies, and could not bear to make them enemies. Independence ends poems about enemies who could not see him. He believes that one day "Istiqlol kuychisi" will be awarded by his people and will remain in our hearts forever.
The article deals with the reforms being carried out in judicial and law enforcement spheres of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as issues of safety of judges, election of judges, appointment and dismissal of judges with strictly following established legal order, inadmissibility of interference into administering justice, confidentiality of judges’ consilium and prohibition of disclosure of such information disrespect to the court or interference in the resolution of certain cases, liability for violation of judicial immunities, scientific theoretical and legal analysis of ensuring independence of judges .
During the years of independence, the attention to Uzbek women has risen to the level of state policy. President Shavkat Mirziyoyev said that further strengthening the role and place of women in public administration is one of the priorities of our reforms. Under her leadership, the problems of more than 6 million women have been thoroughly studied by door-to-door visits by officials, banks and local governments. Although it is bitter, we must admit the truth: as a result of our studies, for the first time, the real situation on the ground has emerged. On this basis, the "Women's Book" is being formed, practical solutions are being found to many socio-economic problems that afflict women. The newly established "Women's Advisory Councils" in the mahallas are also closely assisting in this work. But this is just the beginning of what we need to do to solve women's problems.
During the past 30 years of independence, as a result of the reforms carried out in the social, economic and legal spheres in our country, the market a legislative framework was created, which is specific to the laws of the economy, aimed at regulating the most important social relations that arise in the life of the society. The main focus is on the early periods of independence if it is aimed at the main reform of the state in the economy, at the next stages, ensuring the independence of business entities based on private property, liberating their activities, the state is becoming a priority direction of economic activity
This article discusses the new theaters created in Uzbekistan in the first years of independence, the processes associated with their activities, as well as the content of decrees and resolutions.