As it is known, the social status of occupation in the communication is determined, compared to the
participants-curry, relationship status, position and role in the family. Speech communication is an important tool for providing information about the social status of the participants. For example, the speech units selected by the owner, the speech etiquette forms can transport information about the social status of the speaker. In particular, the participants' concluding remarks in the life of society are received great attention in the communication culture of Uzbekistan. In this article deixis theory in linguistics, deixis of the social condition, its representatives are discussed. In communication gestural units they are mainly used to express participants' social condition. The social status of linguistics in the speech of the participants of the dialogue is pointed as social deixis, we used terminology of social condition deixis. After all, the social status (social further status) of speech participants is provided in terms of social deixis. The speech units that
express social status deixis not only explain speaker and social condition of other participants, but also inform about its subjective evaluation. Linguistic and also extralinguistic units are used to make deixis of social status in the Uzbek language. Language units of deixis of social status language include pronouns, contact units, social lexic units and some supplements. Personal pronoun organize complicated deictic character as a tool to form of social status and person's deixis. They indicate participants of the speech which makes clear individual's deixis and determine social status deixis via showing their relations and
social factors in the same time. Supplement -s which indicates grammar meaning of possession, personal
suffixes, respect does a task of clarifying social status deixis too. Also, one of active language units that could explain speech participants' social status is reference units. Reference units' have a special duty of not only grabbing attention of listener in the speech, but also defining social relationship between speech participants. Communication units are actively used as a tool of indicating speech participants' social status in our speech. Even spelling name incorrectly to the listener indicates disrespectfulness, lowness of listener's social status or using words that mean relativity with strangers’ services as a respect. In speech deictic points which have social symbol are used in lexical field too. This include socially specialized lexic units. In
the conversion of speech participants practicing certain field's representatives' special words, slangs indicate that they are in a one group and they are socially equal. Character (right) which was formed by human's job, position, adorenes identifies not only that person's duty (responsibility), but also his position along communicative act. Overall, in Uzbek language expression units of the social condition deixis are various, therefore when each of them are analysed deeply they could obviously give intriguing informations about not only pragmalinguistics, but also sociolinguistics of Uzbek linguistics' researches
This article discusses abundant legal terms and law words in connection with lexical and semantic features of them in diverse context. It is entirely important to identify linguistic feature of legal terms to reach absolute or adequate translation of legal texts and legal terms. The use of language is crucial to any legal system, not only in the same way that it is crucial to politics in general, but also in two special respects. Legal language is the language which is used by the people (like lawyers and other legal professionals), engaged in legal profession. Like English and Uzbek languages, legal language itself is now a global phenomenon. It contains a number of unusual features which are related to Terminology, linguistic structure, and linguistic conventions. Due to its rich vocabulary, we find many problems in legal language like “ambiguity”, “multiple meaning”, and “doubtfulness in its contents”[1]. The article conveys numerous English and Uzbek legal terms and their lexical features.
Each national language system has its peculiar legal terms and documents that undoubtedly provide the basis for the effective learning of English by future lawyers, judges, law enforcement bodies and clerks. Taking into consideration the training of highly qualified lawyers in independent Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as international and foreign legislative practice in our country, in order to develop a national legal system, it is necessary to create an educational and terminological dictionary for translating words of different branches from foreign language into native language and from native language into foreign language. The expressions of legal meaning reflect the aspects relating to legal relations among people.
The Uzbek-Russian-English dictionary of legal words and phrases consists of terms and words necessary for reading, understanding and translating legal literature of legal subjects by students, cadets, and academic staff of higher educational establishments.
In the current period of advanced technology, the topic of legal terminology is very broad, and it penetrates into the most advanced industries from everyday life to science and technology. So, it is natural that the lexical layer related to jurisprudence is huge and the semantic structure of its words is complex. From this point of view, attempts have been made to include words and expressions in this dictionary reflecting the main activities of the legal branches. The sources used to compile the dictionary include Russian-Uzbek dictionary of law terms, prepared by G.Ahmedov and Kh.Bektemirov, and the explanatory dictionary of the English language, general and special English-Russian and English-Uzbek dictionaries. Many of the terms given in this dictionary arc translated into Russian and English.
The dictionary contains terms and phraseological units in English, arranged in alphabetical order. The dictionary reflects translations of Uzbek legal terms into Russian and English as well.
The dictionary of legal expressions is compiled on the bases of the Criminal Code and the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan and consists of more than 3300 words and phrases. The dictionary is intended for researchers, translators, academic staff, students of academic lyceums, university students, doctoral students and applicants who are interested in English and learn language independently, as well as the wide range of readers.
The article discusses the features of teaching legal vocabulary in English to law students. When studying English, students of law faculties have many difficulties, since it is necessary to master not only the basic level of the language, but also the special legal terminology used in the practice of the legal language. To do this, students need to be introduced not only to grammar and vocabulary, but also to the specifics of the legal realities international legal systems. Legal terminology reflects the legal culture of every country.
The article covers the concept, essence and principles of interpretation of normative legal acts. There is a scientific discussion on the views of a number of scientists. During the discussion, issues related to the correct understanding and interpretation of the content of legal norms, their application to social relations were considered. Methods of interpretation of normative legal acts are explained. At the same time, special attention was paid to the subjects, types of interpretation of legal norms, the factors leading to the ambiguity of some norms in the normative legal acts, gaps in the law were studied in depth, and developed proposals for their effective elimination. In addition, a comparative analysis of national and foreign experience in the interpretation of normative legal documents was carried out, showing the peculiarities of different legal families. At the end of the article, the author puts forward appropriate proposals for amendments and additions to the interpretation of normative legal acts of the Republic of Uzbekistan, aimed at improving the existing legislation.
The article examines the experience of Uzbekistan in preventing corruption in the private sector. It is determined that the negative factors of the spread of corruption among companies leads to a decrease in the competitiveness of the national economy, the quality of public administration, undermines the foundations of free competition, creates threats to the political stability and security of the country.
With the spread of corruption, the business climate and the quality of corporate governance deteriorate, the reputation of companies is undermined, and their investment attractiveness decreases.
In the markets of goods, works, services, negative selection is taking place, monopoly and protectionism are increasing. It was revealed that corruption in the private sector devalues democratic values, contributes to the spread of legal nihilism, permissiveness, money-grubbing, impunity, etc., causing significant harm to the interests of both society and the state, and the rights of citizens.
The thesis is substantiated that the most effective means of preventing corruption in the private sector is the introduction of anti-corruption compliance systems and the corresponding methods of their certification into its subjects. Based on the methods of a comparative study, measures have been identified to introduce anti-corruption compliance in business structures, as well as business entities with state participation.
It is determined that international universal, regional and special standards (UN, OECD, GRECO, ISO, etc.) have a significant impact on the development of national legislation and practice of law enforcement in this area. The thesis about the need to improve the legal foundations of the anti-corruption compliance system, the need to introduce institutions of responsibility of legal entities in Uzbekistan, prevent illegal lobbying activities, etc.
SUMMARY
The article examines the experience of Uzbekistan in preventing corruption in the private sector. It is determined that the negative factors of the spread of corruption among companies leads to a decrease in the competitiveness of the national economy, the quality of public administration, undermines the foundations of free competition, creates threats to the political stability and security of the country.
With the spread of corruption, the business climate and the quality of corporate governance deteriorate, the reputation of companies is undermined, and their investment attractiveness decreases. In the markets for goods, works, services, negative selection is taking place, monopoly and protectionism are increasing.
It was revealed that corruption in the private sector devalues democratic values, contributes to the spread of legal nihilism, permissiveness, money-grubbing, impunity, etc., causing significant harm to the interests of both society and the state, and the rights of citizens.
In order to eradicate corruption in all spheres of society, Uzbekistan is improving the appropriate legal, institutional and organizational measures. The Law "On Combating Corruption" adopted on the initiative of the President of Uzbekistan dated 03.01.2017. In addition to measures to prevent corruption in the field of public administration, he identified as measures to prevent corruption in the field of socio-economic development and entrepreneurship:
elimination of administrative and bureaucratic barriers, simplification and increase in the efficiency of registration, permitting and licensing procedures;
optimization of the control and supervisory functions of state bodies, improvement of the system of inspections of the activities of business entities, prevention of illegal interference in their activities;
widespread introduction of remote forms of relationships between government bodies and business entities;
creating equal conditions for doing business and preventing unfair competition;
introduction of effective legal mechanisms for public procurement, ensuring publicity, transparency and maintaining a competitive environment in the placement of public procurement;
creation of fair conditions and equal opportunities for the population in the field of education, health care, social security, public services and other areas of social and economic development, prevention of corruption offenses;
introduction of effective anti-corruption mechanisms in non-governmental organizations, etc.
The thesis is substantiated that the most effective means of preventing corruption in the private sector is the introduction of anti-corruption compliance systems and the corresponding methods of their certification into its subjects.
On the basis of comparative research methods, measures have been identified to introduce anti-corruption compliance in business structures, as well as business entities with state participation.
In order to improve the efficiency of the anti-corruption system, create the most favorable business climate, promote a positive image of the country in the international arena, by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On measures to further improve the anti-corruption system in the Republic of Uzbekistan” No. UP-5729 dated 05/27/2019. the State Anti-Corruption Program for 2019-2020 was approved, which provided for strengthening anti-corruption measures in organizations with a state share in the authorized capital by: introducing a system of anti-corruption “compliance control” and monitoring its effectiveness, еnsuring internal order in accordance with the relevant anti-corruption standard (ISO 37001), as well as introducing special anti-corruption measures in the private sector, ensuring strict measures and control procedures, ensuring strict ethical rules when participating in public procurement, encouraging collective anti-corruption actions of businesses.
In order to improve the investment attractiveness and strengthen the image of our country in the international arena, introduce new mechanisms for working with ratings and indices in state bodies and organizations, by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On improving the position of the Republic of Uzbekistan in international ratings and indices, as well as introducing a new mechanism of systematic work with them in government agencies and organizations ”No. UP-6003 dated 02.06.2020. the Republican Council for work with international ratings and indices was created.
Republican Council for improving the position of the Republic of Uzbekistan in socio-economic, political and legal international ratings and indices 06/13/2020 the program of measures to improve the position of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the socio-economic, political and legal international ratings and indices was approved.
In order to increase the effectiveness of state policy aimed at preventing and combating corruption in all spheres of society and the state 29.06. In 2020, the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On additional measures to improve the anti-corruption system in the Republic of Uzbekistan” No. UP-6013 was adopted
In accordance with the Decree, the Anti-Corruption Agency of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the National Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Combating Corruption were created.
It is determined that international universal, regional and special standards (UN, OECD, GRECO, ISO, etc.) have a significant impact on the development of national legislation and practice of law enforcement in this area. The thesis about the need to improve the legal foundations of the anti-corruption compliance system, the need to introduce institutions of responsibility of legal entities in Uzbekistan, prevent illegal lobbying activities, etc.
This article discusses the approaches of legal scholars on the subject of legal experiment and put forward the idea and the fact that a comprehensive study of the competence, rights and obligations in the sphere of legal experiment do not allow to better understand the essence of legal experiment, its effective implementation in practice, it is noted that it is expedient to be determined separately, taking into account the types of regulatory legal acts.
This article examines legal translation and its role in the interpretation of international legal documents from both theoretical and practical perspectives. Regarding the theoretical aspects, legal translation from the point of view of civil law and common law systems, the status of legal translation in international law, the principles of plain language, and the equivalence of legal words are discussed. Accordingly, the interrelationship between legal translation and interpretation of international legal documents is considered
This article describes in detail the rights and privileges of women. Along with the analysis of national legal system and regulations, the experience of developed countries was studied and analyzed. There were described the registration of children born to single mothers and benefits to mothers. The author made suggestions based on analysis. In particular, it is desirable to create a legal definition for the single mother sentence and to reflect it in the Family Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Second, to be considered as a single mother, not only is it not in a legal marriage, but a woman in a legal marriage can provide her child alone for subjective reasons, unless she is legally divorced; There is a legal marriage, but such circumstances as early death of a spouse must also be taken into account. Third, it is desirable to unify normative
legal acts that protect the legal protection of single mothers in the national legal system.
The article analyzes the features of videoconferencing as a form of mutual legal assistance in criminal cases and the need for its The article analyzes the features of videoconferencing as a form of mutual legal assistance in criminal cases and the need for its use. The author explores the international and national legal framework for using video conferencing tools as innovative technologies. As a result of the study, gaps in the legislation on the use of videoconferences in matters of international cooperation in criminal matters were identified. In addition, the experience, advantages and disadvantages of foreign countries in using this form of mutual legal assistance are considered, and the relevant practice is studied in detail. Current article is enriched with real life examples. As a result, the features of the use of videoconferencing in mutual legal assistance in criminal cases, as well as the consequences and conveniences of using these tools in pandemic situation were identified, and proposals were developed to amend the relevant legislationuse. The author explores the international and national legal framework for using video conferencing tools as innovative technologies. As a result of the study, gaps in the legislation on the use of videoconferences in matters of international cooperation in criminal matters were identified. In addition, the experience, advantages and disadvantages of foreign countries in using this form of mutual legal assistance are considered, and the relevant practice is studied in detail. Current article is enriched with real life examples. As a result, the features of the use of videoconferencing in mutual legal assistance in criminal cases, as well as the consequences and conveniences of using these tools in pandemic situation were identified, and proposals were developed to amend the relevant legislation
This article examines the importance of notary deed authentication in the Indonesian legal system and its role in empowering justice. Through a review of literature and legal documents, the article highlights the significance of notary deed authentication in ensuring the validity of legal documents and preventing fraud. It also discusses the legal framework governing notary deed authentication in Indonesia, including the role of the government and professional notary associations in regulating the profession. The article concludes that notary deed authentication plays a crucial role in promoting transparency and accountability in the legal system, and that continued efforts should be made to strengthen its effectiveness and accessibility. This abstract provides an overview of the article titled "Empowering Justice: The Significance of Notary Deed Authentication in Indonesia." The article examines the role of notary deed authentication in the Indonesian legal system and its importance in promoting justice. Through a review of literature and legal documents, the article highlights the significance of notary deed authentication in ensuring the validity of legal documents and preventing fraud. It also discusses the legal framework governing notary deed authentication in Indonesia, including the role of the government and professional notary associations in regulating the profession. The article concludes that notary deed authentication plays a crucial role in promoting transparency and accountability in the legal system, and that continued efforts should be made to strengthen its effectiveness and accessibility.
Based on the study of the legal system, normative legal acts, scientific literature, lawmaking and law enforcement practice of foreign countries, the article analyzes their experience of using legal technology in legal activity
Raising legal awareness and legal culture in society is of great importance in strengthening legislation, building respect for the law, human rights and freedoms in every person, as well as creating an environment of intolerance for violations. This article examines in detail the role of legal awareness, legal culture and legal education in the activities of employees of the National Guard.
This study employs an economic lens to analyze the legal frameworks of Nigeria, focusing on the intersection of law and economics within the country's legal system. Nigeria, as a prominent African nation with a diverse legal landscape, presents a compelling case for examining how economic principles influence legal institutions, regulations, and enforcement mechanisms. Through a multidisciplinary approach, this paper explores the economic rationale behind various legal provisions and assesses their impact on economic growth, investment, and development. By uncovering the economic implications of Nigerian laws, this study aims to provide insights for policymakers, legal practitioners, and scholars interested in enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of the country's legal system.
The article highlights the necessity to increase the legal awareness of future specialists in the in educational institutions not specialized in teaching law in Uzbekistan, as well as the necessity of establishing the practice of teaching international contracts and industry-related legal disciplines covering the national legal norms, which is scientifically analyzed and supported by scientific and practical examples. An analysis of foreign experience is also presented in this regard.
Determining the place of housing law in the system of law is a theoretical problem, however, effective legal regulation of housing relations depends on its solution. As a starting point, the authors of the article put forward the thesis that the distinguishing of new independent branches of law is justified only if there is an objective possibility of identifying specific basic principles inherent only to this formation (legal principles). Based on the analysis of the principles of housing law, enshrined in Article 3 of the Housing Code of the Republic of Belarus, the authors conclude that there is no uniqueness of the principles of housing law, reflecting its exclusive branch specificity. Along with the absence of its subject and method of legal regulation of housing relations, this circumstance does not allow us to recognize housing law as an independent branch of law. This conclusion, however, does not convince that an accurate understanding of the legal nature and content of the principles underlying legal regulation can have a positive impact not only on the formation of the entire array of legal norms governing housing legal relations but also to contribute to the formation of law enforcement practice under the given benchmarks