Macular edema is the leading cause of vision loss in the increasingly frequent occurrence of diabetes mellitus, a true epidemic in developed countries. Diabetic macular edema is closely related to lifestyle, obesity, smoking or high blood pressure. Macular oedema is the leading cause of vision loss in people with diabetes in developed countries, and its prevalence is directly related to the duration of diabetes. Its incidence varies from publication to publication, ranging between 7.5% and 15.2%, and is more common in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving insulin.The significance of the incidence of diabetic macular oedema is directly related to the patient's metabolic control and the presence of risk factors, as we will see below.
Despite many years of experience in the use of ultrasound in the diagnosis of acute testicular ischemia (AISE) in children, the full potential of this technique remains insufficiently studied. As part of a prospective controlled study involving 142 patients with emergency genital disorders, ultrasound was performed for Acute idiopathic scrotal edema. Ultrasound showed differences in the image of the scrotum organs in boys with AISE, depending on the duration of the disease. When using color Dopplerography, changes in perfusion were detected, such as the absence or decrease in blood flow. The localization of the inflammatory process was determined solely by the results of ultrasound of the scrotum organs. The results obtained suggest that with a decrease in blood flow in the testicles with a more pronounced degree or with a longer period of torsion, pronounced changes on the part of the scrotum were observed.
to study the pathophysiological aspects of cerebral edema and compare the effectiveness of using 15% mannitol solution and hypertonic 3.5%, 7%, 10% sodium chloride solution in the complex treatment of patients with head injury. Material and methods: 90 patients from 18 years old to 68 years old with various traumatic brain injuries and inhibition of consciousness level from 4 to 13 points on the Glasgow coma scale were examined.
Results: infusion of mannitol at the indicated dosage reduced ICP after 30 minutes by 42, 3%, and after 120 minutes it remained below the initial data by 23.9%. Infusion of a 3.5% NaCl solution already by the 30th minute led to a decrease of ICP by 48.6%, and by the end of 120 minutes the ICP remained below the initial data by 35.9%. Infusion of a 7% NaCl solution already by the 30th minute led to a decrease in ICP by 55.4%, and by the end of 120 minutes the ICP remained below the initial data by 39.9%. Infusion of a 10% NaCl solution already by the 30th minute led to a decrease in ICP by 58.4%, and by the end of 120 minutes the ICP remained below the initial data by 45.9%.
Conclusions: the decrease in ICP within 30 and 120 minutes after the introduction of hyperosmolar solutions is more pronounced with iv administration of 3.5%, 7%, 10% NaCl solution relative to 15% Mannitol in calculated dosages, which should be borne in mind in patients with concomitant cardiac and renal pathology.
Purpose — to determine the values of central corneal thickness (CCT) in children depending on the level of intraocular pressure
(IOP) and the stage of congenital glaucoma (CG).
Material and methods. Clinical studies were carried out in the eye department of the clinic at the Tashkent Pediatric Medical In-
stitute. The study involved 18 patients (36 eyes) aged 9 to 11 years (mean age 9.3±1.6 years) with confirmed diagnosis of CG.
All patients underwent basic ophthalmologic examination prior to surgical and conservative treatment. In addition to basic meth-
ods, axial eye length and CCT were determined using an automatic non-contact tonometer/pachymeter manufactured by NIDEK
(USA).
Results. Analysis of the obtained data showed that in initial, moderate and advanced stages of glaucoma, the CCT values were sig-
nificantly lower than the age norm values. This indicates stretching of the fibrous capsule and thinning of the cornea in glaucoma.
In terminal stage CG, the CCT values practically did not differ from the age norm, but were higher than in initial, moderate and ad-
vanced stages of the disease. The noted thickening of the corneal membrane in terminal stage may be explained by edema of the cor-
neal tissue as a result of elevated IOP.
Conclusion. The age norm values of CCT should be taken into account when characterizing the severity of glaucomatous process
in children. Compared to the age norm, the cornea is significantly thinner in children aged 9 to 11 years with initial, moderate
and advanced stages of CG, and becomes significantly thicker in terminal stage, which is associated with edema caused by ele-
vated IOP.
Purpose: to study the efficacy and tolerability of the domestic drug cromoviz in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.
The state of the organ of vision in 60 patients (120 eyes) with allergic conjunctivitis was studied. Depending on the therapy, the patients were divided into two groups of homogeneous clinical manifestations. At the same time, the patients of the main group (30 patients) were instilled with the drug Cromoviz (Uzbekistan), 2 drops 4 times a day for 4 weeks. Patients of the control group (30 patients) were instilled with Aycrol according to the same scheme.
The obtained research results showed that the use of the domestic drug cromoviz against the background of basic treatment is expressed in a decrease in subjective complaints of patients and a significant clinical effect in 95.9% of cases. The revealed economic efficiency of the drug action indicates the achievement of the maximum level of therapeutic result at an acceptable price for the patient and therapeutic-prophylactic institution. Cases of side effects and intolerance to the domestic drug cromoviz were not identified in our studies.
This paper examines the level of electron microscopy of structural changes that develop in the myocardium as a result of dilated cardiomyopathy (DK.MP). A patient myocardial fragment from DKMP was prepared in a specific order for electron microscopy. The results show that DKMP cardiac-myocardial infarction is manifested by destructive changes in the circulatory and connective tissue, circulatory, edema, dystrophy, destruction submicroscopic structures. Dystrophy, atrophy, and destruction of organelles in the sarcoplasm of cardiomyocytcs led to the destruction of all organelles, including mitochondrial ultrastructure shrinkage, deformation and disintegration of crystals, vacuolation of the matrix, lipidization, and deposition of calcium salts. Myofibrils are characterized by deformation, tearing of sarcomeres, disordered arrangement of actin and myosin structures, separation from each other, in one of which only myosin, in the other actin is stored.
The article discusses the author's views on providing assistance in dangerous situations (drowning, suffocation and poisoning). Secondary drowning can also be accompanied by chest pain or exacerbation, shortness of breath, bruising of the skin and mucous membranes and the development of pulmonary edema, and the appearance of ringing in the breath, excessive foamy sputum, wheezing on the entire surface of the lungs, bronchospasm.
Бош мия шиши – бош мия шикастининг оғир неспецефик синдроми бўлиб, ҳушдан кетиш ва талваса хуружлари билан тавсифланади. Болаларда бош мия шиши барча инфекциялари; токсик ва гипоксик ҳолатлар; ўткир нейроинфекциялар; бош мия жароҳатлари; эпилептик статус; бош мия қон айланишининг бузилишлари; соматик касалликларда ривожланади.
The clinical, functional and biomechanical properties of the fibrous membrane of the eye in children with
primary congenital glaucoma were studied using the method of elastotonometry. The results of a study of the
clinical, functional and biomechanical properties of the eyes in 57 children with primary congenital glaucoma and
in 11 healthy children aged 8 days to 7 years in the eye department of the clinic of the Tashkent Pediatric Medical
Institute are analyzed. Research methods included clinical and functional methods and special (to determine the
rigidity of the membranes of the eye). The results of the study showed that with an increase in elastopod values,
the indicators of corneal deformation decrease as a result of pronounced corneal edema; the level of IOP in the
advanced and terminal stages indicates the weak rigid properties of the fibrous membrane of the eye. Thus, the
elastotonometry method is an objective quantitative diagnostic criterion for assessing the biomechanical proper-
ties of the fibrous membrane of the eye in children with congenital glaucoma.
Background: Gallbladder polyps are generally small benign lesions that do not enlarge for years. However, follow-up with ultrasound examination is initially recommended to detect unexpected malignancy. The diagnosis of a gallbladder polyp is generally made with ultrasound examination, and in many instances the polyp is detected while performing the ultrasound examination in the diagnostic work-up of a condition not related to the gallbladder.
Patients and methods: The occurrence of a gallbladder polyp in a bodybuilder with symptomatic uremia is described, and an educational ultrasound image is provided.
Results: At about the age of 50 years, a professional bodybuilder presented with progressive symptomatic uremia associated with nausea, vomiting, pruritus, and mild anemia. He was not havening reduction in urine output, edema or hypertension. Renal ultrasound confirmed the chronicity of renal failure and showed small kidneys. Abdominal ultrasound also showed small polyp in the gall bladder.
Conclusion: The rare association of a gallbladder polyp in a bodybuilder with symptomatic uremia is reported.
The article deals with the study effective and safe use NAID (non-steroidal and anti-inflammatory drugs at patients’ treatment). The rational use NAID will help to guarantee the safety of pharmacotherapy.