Vol. 2 No. 12 (2024)

This article evaluates the histological characteristics of patients living in the Surkhandarya region, diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma, who were treated at the Republican specialized oncological and radiological scientific and practical medical center in the Surkhandarya branch and were under the supervision of the dispensary during 2020-2023, based on the data obtained from our retrospective study of the results of biopsy reports. Resections were taken from tissues obtained by surgery and biopsy. The materials were processed in accordance with the instructions for the Unification of Histological Examination Methods Thermo Fisher Scientific histoprocessor, and the results of the analysis obtained during the microscopic study of histological and immunohistochemical changes in the histological forms of Hodgkin lymphoma are described.

This article discusses the collaboration between artists and puppeteers in creating a puppet show, puppeteers, and the necessary technical and aesthetic aspects.

Проведен сравнительный анализ структурной организации лимфоузлов разной локализации с оценкой влияния преэклампсии. Проведены исследования лимфатические узлы разной локализации умерших женщин во время беременности в двух группах: контрольная, группа сравнения – умершие женщины от других заболеваний и о преэклампсии. Отмиечено, что при преэклампсии морфометрические показатели морфофункциональных зон лимфоузлов всех локализаций подвергались изменениям. В паратрахеальных лимфоузлах площадь лимфоидных фолликул, паракортекса и мякотных тяжей расширялась а занимаемая площадь других зон уменьшалась. В брыжеечных и подпеченочных лимфоузлах отмечалось более достоверное увеличение показателей площади лимфоидных фолликулов и мякотных тяжей. В подселезеночных лимфоузлах отмечалось значительное расширение площади паракортекса и составляла почти в два раза больше чем контроля этой же группы.
В данных лимфоузлах также отмечалось достоверное уменьшение площади коркового птала и синусов мозгового слоя

The use of geomembranes in construction has revolutionized thermal insulation in buildings. This article explores the development of heat-retaining geomembranes produced from local raw materials, emphasizing their efficiency, environmental impact, and economic advantages. By integrating advanced technologies and locally sourced polymers, this approach not only reduces costs but also supports sustainable construction practices.

В данной статье раскрыты важность и значимость русского языка, основы обеспечения концепций использования особых методов и знаний с учащимися на практических занятиях, лекциях, семинарах направленных на повышение качества процесса изучения русского языка и литературы, а также раскрыты сущности инновационных образовательных технологий, отражающих роль русского языка в современном обществе.

Ushbu maqolada “Periferik nerv tizimi kasalliklari”da ko’p tarqalgan. Zararlanish pereferik asab tizimining hamma qisimlarida sodir bo’ladi; orqa miya nerv ildizlarining zaralanishi- radikulit, orqa miya orqa tugunlarining zararlanishi- ganglionit, nerv chigallarining zararlanishi-pleksit, bir necha periferik nervlarning zaralanishi-polinevrit, bitta periferik nervning zaralanishi- mononevrit yoki nevrit deb atalaluvchi kasalliklar va ularning davolashda qo’llaniladigan davo muolajalari muhokama qilinadi. Periferik asab tizimi kasalliklari orasida nevritlar va radikulitlar juda ko’p uchraydi. Bularni keltirib chiqaradigan  sabalari  turli xil:

This article explores the contemporary challenges faced by learners of English in today's globalized world. It highlights various factors impacting language acquisition, such as technological advancements, diverse learning environments, and the influence of native versus non-native speakers. In today's interconnected world, English has become a vital skill for personal and professional development. This article explores the reasons why learning English is highly demanded and the benefits it brings to individuals in various aspects of life.

Повышение активности женщин в экономической и политической жизни  общества привело к необходимости в обозначении их профессии, должности, рода занятий. Так как в целом ряде случаев выявилось отсутствие имен существительных женского рода, соотносимых со словами обозначений мужского рода, началось их активное образование.

A number of works are being carried out to improve the quality, variety, and mechanical and other properties of refractory products. In particular, obtaining lightweight types of refractory products is one of the areas that is being widely studied in the current industry. The use of various wood chips and coal powders to give light weight to kaolin-based raw materials is among the works being carried out in this area. A number of experiments have been carried out by adding additives in different proportions and results have been obtained.

This article explores strategies for developing mathematical literacy in primary grades, with a focus on aligning teaching practices and curricula with international standards. It highlights the importance of mathematical literacy for young learners, emphasizing critical thinking, problem- solving, and analytical skills. The paper examines various pedagogical approaches, such as inquiry-based learning, digital tools, and collaborative problem-solving techniques, that contribute to fostering mathematical skills. It also discusses challenges, such as curriculum discrepancies and resource limitations, and offers practical recommendations for educators to enhance the effectiveness of math instruction in primary education.

This article discusses the emergence, development, and role of the concept of "zero," which holds a significant place in the history of mathematics. It explores fascinating facts related to the discovery of zero in India and the Islamic world, as well as its introduction to Europe. Additionally, the philosophical and practical importance of zero is examined.

Кардиальные клапанные заболевания являются одними из 
основных причин сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, которые могут привести к 
нарушению нормального кровообращения и вызвать серьёзные осложнения. 
Диагностика и консервативное лечение сердечных клапанных дефектов 
включают комплексный подход, включающий клиническую оценку, 
использование современных методов визуализации и медикаментозное лечение. 
Наиболее распространённые клапанные заболевания включают стеноз и 
регургитацию, которые могут затронуть аортальные, митральные, 
трикуспидальные и лёгочные клапаны. Ранняя диагностика и консервативное 
лечение, такие как применение лекарственных препаратов для облегчения 
симптомов и предотвращения осложнений, играют ключевую роль в улучшении 
качества жизни пациентов. Данное исследование рассматривает методы 
диагностики, включая эхокардиографию и аускультацию, а также 
консервативные стратегии лечения, направленные на контроль симптомов и 
замедление прогрессирования заболевания.

Образ матери в русской литературе представляет собой одну из самых глубоких и многослойных тем, пронизывающих как классические произведения, так и современные тексты. В историческом контексте этот образ формировался под влиянием различных социальных, культурных и философских изменений, отражая как традиционные представления женщине в семье, так и новые идеи о роли матери в обществе.

This article explores the gender characteristics of the modesty maxim in English and Uzbek languages, illuminating the sociolinguistic implications that arise from cultural differences. The modesty maxim, a component of politeness theory, reflects how speakers present themselves and manage social interactions. By contrasting the linguistic features and cultural contexts of both languages, the paper aims to provide insights into the interplay between language and gender, contributing to a better understanding of cross-cultural communication.

The topic of expansion of numbers (or mathematical expansions)
involves representing numbers in various forms and studying their interrelationships. This field is especially relevant in mathematical analysis and algebra. The study of number expansions primarily focuses on their fractional, rational, or decimal representations and exploring their logical and analytical properties. Key concepts in number expansions include decimal expansions, fractional expansions, and periodic expansions. Decimal expansions are particularly important for calculating precise values in the real number system.
Fractional expansions, on the other hand, help explore the properties of numbers expressed in specific forms.

This article provides an overview and complete structure of the Venn diagram, highlighting its key characteristics, stages, and its origin as a visual model from the perspective of scholars

This paper explores the relationship between complex numbers and analytical functions. Complex numbers consist of real and imaginary parts and are widely used in various fields of mathematics. Analytic functions are crucial when working with complex variables. These functions are based on the Cauchy-Riemann equations, which define their properties in a given domain. The study examines the key concepts of complex functions, their differentiability, and analytical properties.

Quantum mechanics and quantum physics have revolutionized our understanding of the fundamental nature of reality. At the core of this revolution lies quantum mathematics, which provides the mathematical foundation for describing the motion of particles at microscopic scales. This article explores the fundamental mathematical structures of quantum mechanics, including Hilbert spaces, operators, and wave functions, as well as their applications in modeling physical systems. The research also examines how quantum physics contrasts with classical physics concepts and offers new insights into topics such as quantum entanglement, superposition, and quantum computing. By analyzing the mathematical foundations of quantum theories, the article aims to shed light on the intersection of mathematics and physics, offering a deeper understanding of how mathematical formulas help predict and explain quantum phenomena. Furthermore, it discusses the potential implications of quantum mathematics in emerging fields such as quantum computing and cryptography.

This article explоres innоvative apprоaches tо adapting mathematics lessоns in primary schооls tо meet internatiоnal standards. It emphasizes the integratiоn оf mоdern teaching methоds, tооls, and resоurces tо enhance mathematical literacy and critical thinking skills amоng yоung learners. The study alsо examines the challenges оf aligning lоcal curricula with glоbal standards and оffers practical recоmmendatiоns fоr educatоrs and pоlicymakers

This article contains opinions about the ways, methods and necessity of preparing future primary school teachers for innovative activities, as well as the modern stages of the development of the educational system

Maqolada mikroorganizmlarning insonlar hayotida tutgan o‘rni 
va ahamiyati, kichik ko‘zga ko‘rinmaydigan mitti mavjudotlarni olimlar tomonidan 
o‘rganilishi jarayonidagi muhim dalilar va shu bilan birgalikda aktinomitsitlar ularga 
yaqin mikroorganizmlar xususida ma’lumotlar keltirilgan. Keltirilgan ma’lumotlar 
natijalar asosida mikroorganizmlar biologiyasi va ekologik omillarga munosabatiga
ko‘ra bir qancha ma’lumotlar qayd etilgan.

Гафур Гулям, классик узбекской литературы, в своей повести 
«Озорник» мастерски соединил элементы сатиры, детского восприятия мира и 
глубинное осмысление социальных и исторических событий. Одним из 
значительных исторических фонов повести является Первая мировая война. 
Гулям, известный своей способностью создавать многослойные произведения, 
через будничные сцены и яркие образы сумел передать влияние этого 
глобального конфликта на жизнь простых узбеков, проживающих в сельской 
местности.

This study examines the abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) in patients with urgent surgical pathologies in the context of military medicine. ACS is a critical condition associated with dysfunction of vital organs, complicating the course of the disease. The research focuses on the specific challenges of diagnosing, monitoring, and treating ACS under military conditions, including limited resources and the need for rapid evacuation. Clinical data were analyzed to identify key risk factors and develop recommendations for optimizing treatment strategies. The findings aim to improve the quality of medical care and reduce mortality in this patient group.

Bugungi kunda butun dunyoda rivojlanayotgan mamlakatlar o`z 
budjet mablag`larining katta qismini ijtimoiy sohaga sarflashadi.Darhahiqat, hozirgi 
vaqt O`zbekistonda ham budjet harajatlarining katta qismi ijtimoiy sohaga to`g`ri 
kelmoqda.Mamlakatimizda budjet defitsiti oshib borar ekan ijtimoiy siyosatni to`g`ri 
yo`lga qo`yish bugungi kunda bizning eng ustuvor yo`nalishimiz bo`lishi kerak. 

This article explores the semantic functions of speech sounds and 
phonemes, examining how these fundamental elements of language contribute to 
meaning. It explains that phonemes, the smallest units of sound that distinguish words, 
are central to the structure of language, playing a crucial role in communication. The 
article discusses the variability of phonemes across languages, their role in creating 
distinct meanings, and how phonemic distinctions can lead to ambiguity or variation 
in speech. It also highlights the relationship between phonemes and prosody, 
demonstrating how rhythm, stress, and intonation contribute to meaning. 29. Teshaboyeva, N. (2023). Compound sentences in the English language. Yangi 
O'zbekiston taraqqiyotida tadqiqotlarni o'rni va rivojlanish omillari, 2(2), 68-70.

Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekiston sog‘liqni saqlash 
sohasidagi islohotlar dunyo higohida qanday talqin qilinayotganligi hamda 
O‘zbekiston sog‘liqni saqlash sohasidagi islohotlarni so‘nggi yillarda jadal 
sur'atlar bilan amalga oshirilgan ishlar haqida ma’lumotlar berilgan. 
Shuningdek ushbu islohotlarning asosiy maqsadi mamlakat aholisining
salomatligini yaxshilash, sog‘liqni saqlash xizmatlarini yangilash va ularning
sifatini oshirishdan iboratligi ham takidlab o‘tilgan.

В этой статье рассматривается влияние технологий на процессы 
принятия решений о карьере студентами. Сегодня технологии не только 
влияют на то, как студенты приобретают знания, но и играют решающую 
роль в формировании их карьерного выбора. Исследование фокусируется 
на том, как технологии интегрируются в образование, способствуют 
развитию навыков и интересов, а также на роли онлайн-платформ в 
предоставлении профориентации. Результаты показывают, что 
технологии являются ключевым фактором, помогающим студентам 
планировать свою карьеру и добиваться успеха в современной рабочей 
силе.

В статье на основе исторической литературы и полевых 
исследований анализируется тот факт, что человек всегда испытывает потребность в 
посещении, ее причины и факторы, мотивы посещения. Комплекс Бахауддина 
Накшбанда, крупнейшая святыня в оазисе, анализирует действия и верования 
паломников, связанные с молитвой, раздачей милостыни и потреблением 
паломнической воды. В статье отражены полевые материалы, собранные на основе 
интервью, анкетирования и наблюдений. Это иллюстрируется на примере святынь 
оазиса в разных городах и районах. Посетители делятся на туристов и паломников и 
описываются. Также показаны их различия и сходства.

Ushbu maqolada anjirning(Ficus carica) kimyoviy tarkibi, biologik faolligi, dorivor xususiyatlari va tibbiyotda qoʻllanilishi bilan birga uning fitokimyoviy, ozuqaviy qiymati , terapevtik imkoniyatlari hamda toksiklik profiliga oid mavjud maʼlumotlar umumlashtiriladi. Shuningdek anjirning potensial zararli tomonlari hamda uni isteʼmol qilishda ehtiyot choralari keltiriladi. Anjir qadim zamonlardan beri nafaqat oziq-ovqat mahsuloti balki turli kasalliklarini davolash va oldini olish maqsadida ishlatilgan. Ushbu oʻrganishlar asosida anjirning inson organizmiga taʼsiri va unda kechayotgan salbiy jarayonlarga nisbatan foydalari yoritiladi. Maqola anjirning zamonaviy ilm-fan va  tibbiyotdagi oʻrni va salomatlikka ijobiy taʼsirini yoritishga qaratilgan

The recent and ongoing coronavirus pandemic has taken over almost the entire world. Despite the severity of the COVID-19 problem, mortality from this disease is in no way comparable to mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD), which remains the leading cause of death among the population. Of course, the increase in mortality directly and indirectly depends on the clinical forms of this virus

Maqolada O'zbekiston turizmining bir qismi bo'lgan Buxoro turizmida turistik tashkilotlar turoperator va turagentlarning faoliyati, jumladan turistik mahsulotni yaratish, reklama qilish va amalga oshirish uchun yuridik shaxs tomonidan amalga oshiriladigan tadbirkorlik faoliyati sifatida o’rganilib, ushbu sohaning 2000-2016 yillardagi faoliyati atroflicha yoritilgan.
Hunarmand usta tadbirkorlarning milliy hunarmandchilikning  barcha turlari bo`yicha suvenir do`konlari xizmat ko`rsatayotganligi, natijada xizmat ko`rsatish hamda servis sohasining rivojlanishi bilan yangi ish o`rinlari yaratish imkoniyatlari o`sib borayotganligi borasida mulohazalar bildirilgan.
Turistlarga xalqaro standartlar darajasida xizmat ko`rsatuvchi turoperatorlar, turagentlar hamda ekskursiya yetakchilari soning oshishi ular faoliyatida ijobiy o`zgarishlar yuz berganligi tahlil etilgan.

Ushbu maqola pedagogik jarayonlarni matematik modellashtirishning ahamiyatini va uning o'qitish samaradorligini oshirishdagi o'rnini ko'rib chiqadi. Maqolada pedagogik jarayonlarni matematik modellashtirishning turli metodlari, jumladan, differensial tenglamalar, statistik modellar, o'yin nazariyasi va optimal boshqaruv nazariyasi ko'rib chiqilgan. Modellashtirish yordamida o'quv jarayonini tahlil qilish, uning samaradorligini oshirish va resurslarni samarali taqsimlash imkoniyatlari haqida batafsil bayon etilgan. Shuningdek, matematik modellashtirishda yuzaga keladigan muammolar va cheklovlar ham ko'rib chiqilgan.

Danakli mevalar daraxtlarda monilioz kasalligini dunyo bo’yicha tarqalishi, Ra’nodоshlаr оilаsigа mansub turlarning qo’zg’atuvchilar biologiyasi, rivojlanishi haqida ma’lumotlar keltirilgan.

Данная статья посвящена анализу последствий выхода 
Великобритании из Европейского Союза (Brexit) для европейской и 
мировой экономики. В работе рассматриваются ключевые аспекты, такие 
как торговые отношения, инвестиции, рынок труда и финансовые рынки. 
Основываясь на литературном обзоре и эмпирических данных, 
исследование выявляет как позитивные, так и негативные эффекты 
Brexit, а также обсуждает перспективы дальнейшего развития 
экономических связей между Великобританией и остальными странами 
мира

Ushbu maqola chaqaloqlarda liqildoqni parvarish qilishning ilmiy asoslangan jihatlarini tahlil qiladi. Liqildoqning anatomo- fiziologik xususiyatlari, uning bosh suyaklari va miya rivojlanishidagi o‘rni, shuningdek, gigiyenik va profilaktik parvarish tamoyillari ko‘rib chiqiladi.
Maqolada ota-onalar va pediatrlar uchun liqildoqni parvarishlashda yo‘l qo‘yilishi mumkin bo‘lgan xatolarni oldini olish bo‘yicha tavsiyalar beriladi.
Shuningdek, liqildoqning o‘lchami, elastikligi va yopilish vaqtining patologik holatlari haqida ma’lumotlar keltirilib, diagnostika va nazoratning ahamiyati tahlil etilgan. Maqola liqildoqni parvarishlash bo‘yicha zamonaviy ilmiy yondashuvlarni yoritishga qaratilgan

This article provides an overview of nouns and their grammatical categories, emphasizing their pivotal role in sentence structure and meaning. It explores key categories such as number, gender, case, definiteness, countability, and animacy, offering examples from English and other languages to illustrate their diversity. The piece highlights how these categories influence the way nouns interact with other words in a sentence and shape linguistic expression. Additionally, the article underscores the cultural and cognitive significance of these grammatical features, making it a valuable resource for linguists, language learners, and grammar enthusiasts

В статье рассматриваются основные аспекты жанра полемики в литературе, его теоретическое обоснование, историческое развитие и место в современном литературном процессе. Полемика как жанр базируется на противостоянии различных точек зрения и направлена на анализ ключевых проблем общества, культуры и философии.
Исследование охватывает временные рамки от античной литературы, где зародились основы полемической дискуссии, до современной публицистики и цифровых форм коммуникации. Особое внимание уделяется риторическим и структурным характеристикам жанра, а также его трансформации под влиянием социальных и технологических изменений.

Maqolada geografiya fanini o‘qitishda yuzaga keladigan ayrim muammolar tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek maqolada geografiya ta'lim yo'nalishini rivojlantirishning ustuvor yo'nalishlari haqida so‘z yuritilgan.

The article reviews the methods of diagnosing low-grade tumors. The combination of modern technologies and traditional methods in the diagnosis of this disease allows to increase the efficiency of diagnostics. In particular, the assessment of clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, imaging diagnostics, biopsy and genetic studies are widely covered. The study discusses the difficulties of diagnosis, the reliability of its results and the importance of timely diagnosis.

Although tomatoes account for 40-42% of the total vegetable production in Uzbekistan, their yields are not up to the required level. The low yields of tomatoes are due to the lack of comprehensive resistance to diseases and pests in the varieties and hybrids zoned in our republic.

This article proposes a framework for analyzing the multimodal construction of emotion in film discourse, moving beyond a reliance solely on verbal cues to encompass the intricate interplay of visual, aural, and kinesthetic elements. Film, as a composite medium, utilizes a rich tapestry of semiotic resources to evoke and communicate emotions, drawing on the synergistic power of dialogue, facial expressions, body language, music, sound design, camera angles, lighting, and editing. We argue that understanding emotional expression in film requires a holistic approach that acknowledges the dynamic interaction of these diverse modes. This framework draws upon theories of multimodality, semiotics, and film studies to analyze how specific emotions are constructed through the strategic orchestration of various semiotic resources.

В данной статье ставится задача овладения самыми эффективными методами обучения учащихся русскому языку, таким как модульное обучение, электронно-интерактивное, проблемное, дистанционное обучение, исследовательское методическое обучение, метод проектов.

This article reveals information about how the formation of a healthy lifestyle depends on a person's mentality, his attitude to social existence, life, and his perception of his own life and the essence of his life.

Firdausi's Shahnameh ("The Book of Kings") is a cornerstone of Persian literature, interweaving myth, history, and culture. One of the lesser- explored dimensions of this epic is its symbolic use of numbers, particularly the numbers one, three, and seven, which carry deep mystical and spiritual meanings in Iranian culture. Through these numbers, Firdausi not only structures his narrative but also imbues it with layers of divine and cosmic significance. The number one represents unity and the divine essence, while three symbolizes completeness and perfection, and seven reflects the sacred and celestial order. This article explores how Firdausi's careful use of these numbers enhances the Shahnameh's depth, reflecting both the cultural and spiritual values of ancient Iran, particularly the influence of Zoroastrianism.
By examining these numerical symbols, we gain a greater understanding of the epic's philosophical and mystical underpinnings.

A wider study of the importance of each element in living organisms. Wider application of the biological significance of the functioning of halogens. Production of a database for students. Processing and discussion of the information we know and do not know. Deeper study of the importance of macro and microelements in the body 

To understand stomach ulcers, let's get acquainted with the anatomy and physiology of the stomach.