ABDURAUF FITRAT VA UNING JADIDCHILIK TARAQQIYOTIDAGI O’RNI.

Umidjon Sadullayev

doi:10.71337/inlibrary.uz.science-research.67145

Authors

Umidjon Sadullayev

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.71337/inlibrary.uz.science-research.67145

Keywords:

Abdurauf Fitrat Jadidchilik Milliy uyg'onish O'zbek adabiyoti Ma'rifat Vatanparvarlik Qatag'on.

Abstract

Abdurauf Fitrat XX asr boshlarida Turkistonda milliy uyg'onish harakatining yorqin namoyandalaridan biri sifatida tarixga kirdi. U nafaqat o'zbek adabiyotining rivojlanishiga katta hissa qo'shgan buyuk adib, balki millatning o'zligini anglashiga, ma'rifatga intilishiga undagan ziyoli ham edi. Fitratning hayoti va ijodi o'zbek xalqining o'tmishi, buguni va kelajagi bilan chambarchas bog'liq.

884

ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 2

ABDURAUF FITRAT VA UNING JADIDCHILIK TARAQQIYOTIDAGI O’RNI.

Sadullayev Umidjon Shokir o’g’li

Osiyo Xalqaro Universiteti

“Tarix va filologiya” kafedrasi o’qituvchisi.

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14895141

Annotatsiya.

Abdurauf Fitrat XX asr boshlarida Turkistonda milliy uyg'onish harakatining

yorqin namoyandalaridan biri sifatida tarixga kirdi. U nafaqat o'zbek adabiyotining

rivojlanishiga katta hissa qo'shgan buyuk adib, balki millatning o'zligini anglashiga, ma'rifatga

intilishiga undagan ziyoli ham edi. Fitratning hayoti va ijodi o'zbek xalqining o'tmishi, buguni va

kelajagi bilan chambarchas bog'liq.

Kalit so'zlar:

Abdurauf Fitrat, Jadidchilik, Milliy uyg'onish, O'zbek adabiyoti, Ma'rifat,

Vatanparvarlik, Qatag'on.

ABDURAUF FITRAT AND HIS ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF JADIDISM.

Abstract.

Abdurauf Fitrat went down in history as one of the brightest representatives of

the national revival movement in Turkestan at the beginning of the 20th century. He was not only

a great writer who made a great contribution to the development of Uzbek literature, but also an

intellectual who encouraged the nation to understand its identity and strive for enlightenment.

Fitrat's life and work are closely connected with the past, present and future of the Uzbek people.

Keywords:

Abdurauf Fitrat, Jadidism, National revival, Uzbek literature, Enlightenment,

Patriotism, Repression.

АБДУРАУФ ФИТРАТ И ЕГО МЕСТО В РАЗВИТИИ ДЖАДИДИЗМА.

Аннотация.

Абдурауф Фитрат вошел в историю как один из ярких представителей

движения национального возрождения в Туркестане начала XX века. Он был не только

великим писателем, внесшим значительный вклад в развитие узбекской литературы, но и

интеллектуалом, побуждавшим нацию осознать свою самобытность и стремиться к

просвещению. Жизнь и творчество Фитрата тесно связаны с прошлым, настоящим и

будущим узбекского народа.

Ключевые слова:

Абдурауф Фитрат, джадидизм, национальное пробуждение,

узбекская литература, просвещение, патриотизм, репрессии.

Hayoti va faoliyati

Abdurauf Fitrat 1886-yilda Buxoroda ziyoli oilasida tug'iladi. Buxorodagi madrasalarda

tahsil olgach, 1909-yilda Istanbulga borib, turk ta'lim tizimi bilan yaqindan tanishadi. U yerda

o'qib, o'zbek ziyolilarining o'zligini anglash, milliy madaniyatini rivojlantirish g'oyalari bilan

to'ladi. 1913-yilda Buxoroga qaytib kelib, jadidchilik harakatiga qo'shiladi.

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ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 2

Fitrat jadid maktablarining tashkil etilishida, yangi o'quv dasturlarini ishlab chiqishda faol

ishtirok etadi. "Turon", "O'zbek ovozi" kabi gazetalarda o'zining o'tkir maqolalari bilan millatni

uyg'otishga harakat qiladi. U o'zining "Munozara" dramasi, "Hind sayyohi", "Oila", "Shaytonning

tangri haqida", "Abulfayzxon" kabi asarlari orqali jamiyatda mavjud illatlarni tanqid qiladi, xalqni

ilm-ma'rifatga, birlikka chaqiradi.

Ijodiy merosi

Fitratning ijodi o'zbek adabiyotining rivojlanishida muhim bosqich bo'ldi. Uning asarlari

o'zbek tilining boyligini, ifoda imkoniyatlarini namoyish etdi. Fitrat o'zbek adabiyotiga yangi

janrlarni olib kirdi, uning tili sodda va ravon edi. U o'z asarlarida milliy g'urur, vatanparvarlik,

insonparvarlik g'oyalarini tarannum etdi.

Fitratning "Chig'atoy gurungi" asari o'zbek tilining qadimiy tarixini o'rganishga

bag'ishlangan muhim ilmiy manba hisoblanadi. Uning pedagogik qarashlari ham bugungi kunda

o'z ahamiyatini yo'qotmagan.

"Oʻzbek tili sarfi" (1920): Fitrat oʻzbek tilining grammatikasi boʻyicha muhim asar yaratdi.

U oʻzbek tilini ilmiy asosda oʻrganish va rivojlantirishga katta hissa qoʻshdi.

"Adabiyot qoidalari" (1926): Bu asar oʻzbek adabiyotshunosligida muhim ahamiyatga ega

boʻlib, unda adabiyot nazariyasi masalalari yoritilgan. Fitrat adabiy asarlar tahlili, janrlari,

uslublari kabi masalalarga eʼtibor qaratgan.

"Chigʻatoy adabiyoti namunalari" (1927): Fitrat oʻzbek adabiyotining boy tarixini tadqiq

etib, oʻtmishdagi yirik adiblar ijodini oʻrganishga chaqirdi. Bu asar oʻzbek klassik adabiyotiga

bagʻishlangan muhim tadqiqotdir.

"Shayboniyxon" dramasi va unga yozilgan soʻzboshi: Fitrat oʻzining dramatik asarlari

orqali milliy tarixni oʻrganishga undagan va bu yoʻnalishda ilmiy izlanishlar olib borgan.

Tanqidiy maqolalar: Fitrat oʻz davridagi adabiy jarayonlarga faol aralashib, turli adabiy

hodisalarga tanqidiy munosabat bildirgan. Uning tanqidiy maqolalari adabiyotning rivojlanishiga

ijobiy taʼsir koʻrsatgan.

2. Tilshunoslik:

Oʻzbek tili grammatikasini tadqiq etish: Fitrat oʻzbek tilining fonetikasi, morfologiyasi va

sintaksisini ilmiy asosda oʻrgangan. Uning "Oʻzbek tili sarfi" asari oʻzbek tilshunosligi uchun asos

boʻlib xizmat qilgan.

Tilning tozaligi uchun kurash: Fitrat tilning begona soʻzlardan tozalanishi va oʻzbek

tilining oʻziga xos xususiyatlarini saqlab qolish uchun kurashgan. U tilning rivojlanishi va

takomillashuviga katta eʼtibor qaratgan.

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Terminologiyaga eʼtibor: Fitrat yangi ilmiy atamalarni oʻzbek tiliga kiritishga va ularni

ommalashtirishga harakat qilgan. Bu orqali u oʻzbek tilining ilmiy til sifatida rivojlanishiga hissa

qoʻshgan.

3. Tarixshunoslik: Milliy tarixga eʼtibor: Fitrat milliy tarixni oʻrganish va targʻib qilish

tarafdori boʻlgan. U oʻzbek xalqining oʻtmishdagi boy merosini oʻrganib, uni xalqqa yetkazishga

harakat qilgan.

"Temur sagʻanasi" va "Shayboniy" dramalari: Bu asarlar orqali Fitrat milliy qahramonlar

va tarixiy shaxslar obrazini yaratib, oʻzbek xalqining milliy oʻzligini anglashiga yordam bergan.

Tarixiy asarlarga munosabat: Fitrat oʻzbek tarixiga oid yozma manbalarni oʻrganib, ularga

ilmiy baho bergan. Uning tarixiy tadqiqotlari oʻzbek tarixini chuqurroq anglashga imkon bergan.

4. Falsafa va Pedagogika:

"Hind sayyohi bayonoti" asari: Fitrat bu asari orqali oʻzbek xalqining maʼrifatga

chanqoqligini koʻrsatib bergan va odamlarni bilim olishga, dunyoqarashini kengaytirishga

chaqirgan.

Pedagogik qarashlar: Fitrat taʼlim-tarbiya masalalariga katta eʼtibor qaratgan. U

maktablarning isloh qilinishi, yangi oʻquv dasturlarining yaratilishi va milliy oʻqituvchilarning

yetishib chiqishiga harakat qilgan.

Maʼrifatparvarlik gʻoyalari: Fitrat maʼrifatparvarlik gʻoyalarining yorqin namoyandasi

boʻlib, xalqning bilim olishi, oʻzligini anglashiga va madaniy yuksalishiga katta hissa qoʻshgan.

Fitratning ilmiy merosining ahamiyati:

Oʻzbek adabiyoti, tilshunosligi va madaniyatining rivojlanishiga katta hissa qoʻshgan.

Oʻzbek tilining ilmiy asosda oʻrganilishida muhim rol oʻynagan.

Milliy oʻzlikni anglash va milliy uygʻonish gʻoyalarining shakllanishida katta ahamiyatga

ega boʻlgan.

Yangi avlod ziyolilarining shakllanishiga taʼsir koʻrsatgan.

Oʻzbek adabiyoti va tilshunosligi tarixini oʻrganishda muhim manba boʻlib xizmat qiladi.

Fojeali taqdir

1938-yilda Abdurauf Fitrat sovet tuzumining qatag'on qurboni bo'ldi. U millatchilikda

ayblanib, qatl etildi. Uning asarlari uzoq vaqt davomida taqiqlab qo'yildi. Faqat mustaqillik

yillaridagina Fitratning ismi va asarlari oqlandi, uning millat oldidagi xizmatlari e'tirof etildi.

Xulosa

Abdurauf Fitrat o'zbek millatining faxri, buyuk adib va millat fidoyisidir. Uning hayoti va

ijodi yosh avlod uchun ibrat maktabi bo'lib xizmat qiladi. Fitratning asarlari o'zbek adabiyotining

durdonasi bo'lib, uning o'lmas merosi kelajak avlodlar uchun ham bebaho boylik bo'lib qoladi.

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Sadullayev U. (2024). MAHALLA: UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPT. Medicine, Pedagogy and Technology: Theory and Practice, 2(4), 376–385.

Sadullaev U. (2024). USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION. Medicine, Pedagogy and Technology: Theory and Practice, 2(5), 344–352.

Sadullaev, U. (2024). EDUCATION AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: A NEW ERA OF OPPORTUNITY. Medicine, Pedagogy and Technology: Theory and Practice, 2(6), 238–241.

Shokir o’g’li, S. U. (2024). Media literacy is a requirement of the modern world. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INNOVATION IN NONFORMAL EDUCATION, 4(3), 276-280.

Shokir o’g’li, S. U. (2024). The Development of Culture and Art during the Timurid Era: the Development of Architecture and its Characteristics. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INNOVATION IN NONFORMAL EDUCATION, 4(9), 133-138.

Sadullayev, U. (2024). EDWARD ALLWORTH AND THE STUDY OF MODERN UZBEKS. Modern Science and Research, 3(2), 303-308.

Shokir o’g’li, S. U. (2024). MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH. MODERN SCIENCE, 2181, 3906.

Sadullayev, U. (2024). ETHNOGENESIS AND ETHNIC HISTORY OF THE UZBEK PEOPLE. Modern Science and Research, 3(2), 355-361.

Shokir o’g’li, S. U. (2024). MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH. MODERN SCIENCE, 2181, 3906.

Sadullayev, U. (2024). THE CONCEPT OF JADIDISM AND ITS ESSENCE. Modern Science and Research, 3(2), 631-636.

Sadullayev , U. (2024). MIRZA SIROJ HAKIM AND HIS LEGACY. Modern Science and Research, 3(2), 902–910.

Sadullayev, U. (2024). THE NEIGHBORHOOD IS THE CRADLE OF VALUES. Modern Science and Research, 3(1), 607–613.

Shokir o’g’li, S. U. (2023). The History of the Creation and Formation of the Neighborhood. American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769), 1(10), 480-485.

Sadullayev Umidjon Shokir O’g’li. (2023). THE IMPORTANCE OF THE MAHALLA SYSTEM’S REFORMATIONS IN NEW UZBEKISTAN. International Journal Of History And Political Sciences, 3(10), 25–30.

Shokir o’gli, S. U. (2023). The Essence of State Policy on Youth in New Uzbekistan. American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769), 1(9), 554-559.

Sadullayev U. (2023). THE ROLE OF THE NEIGHBORHOOD IN RAISING A SPIRITUALLY MATURE GENERATION. Modern Science and Research, 2(10), 488–493.

Sadullayev, U. (2023). ABOUT THE EMERGENCE OF THE CONCEPT OF NEIGHBORHOOD. Modern Science and Research, 2(12), 722–727.

Sadullayev Umidjon Shokir O’gli, . (2023). ELUCIDATION OF ISSUES OF THE HISTORY OF BUKHARA GUZARS IN O. A. SUKHAREVA AND HER STUDIES. International Journal Of History And Political Sciences, 3(11), 30–35. https://doi.org/10.37547/ijhps/Volume03Issue11-07

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