Том 4 № 12 (2025)

Tadqiqot og'zaki tarjimadagi madaniy tafovutlar va kontekstual xatolarni o'rganadi. Madaniy farqlar va kontekst o'zgarishlari tarjima xatolariga olib kelishi mumkin. Tadqiqotda bularning sabablariga, masalan, til ekvivalentligi va madaniy kontekst ta'siriga e'tibor qaratiladi. Madaniy xabardorlikni oshirish va tarjimonlarni tayyorlash orqali bu muammolarni bartaraf etish taklif qilinadi. Bu ish tarjima sifatini yaxshilashni maqsad qiladi.

Ushbu maqolada perifraza tilshunoslikning muhim stilistik vositasi sifatida tahlil qilinadi. Perifrazaning lug‘aviy-ta’rifiy mazmuni, stilistik funksiyalari, adabiy va publitsistik matnlarda qo‘llanish xususiyatlari yoritilgan. Ayniqsa, o‘zbek tilidagi perifrazalarning milliy xususiyatlari va ularning emotsional-estetik ta’siri alohida ko‘rsatib o‘tilgan. Perifrazaning zamonaviy axborot vositalari va siyosiy nutqlardagi ahamiyatiga ham e’tibor qaratilgan.

Современное образование предъявляет высокие требования к уровню устной речи учащихся, что особенно актуально в процессе изучения русского языка. Развитие устной речи способствует формированию коммуникативной компетенции, критического мышления и творческого потенциала учащихся. В данной статье рассматривается значение устной речи на уроках русского языка, анализируются эффективные методы её развития, а также предлагаются практические рекомендации для учителей.

Ushbu kurs ishida antik davrda shakllangan va zamonaviy matematikada katta ahamiyat kasb etgan sirkul va chizgʻich yordamida yechilmaydigan klassik masalalar tahlil qilingan. Geometriya tarixida yuzaga kelgan asosiy uchta muammo - kubni ikki barobar oshirish, burchakni uchga boʻlish va doira kvadraturasi muammolari haqida keng maʼlumot berilgan. Shuningdek, bu masalalarning tarixiy rivojlanishi, yechim imkoniyatlari va ularning imkonsizligi zamirida yotgan asosiy matematik tushunchalar, masalan, algebraik sonlar va konstruksiya nazariyasining o‘rni tahlil etilgan. Ishda Galois nazariyasi va u bilan bogʻliq isbotlar ham koʻrib chiqilgan.

This thesis explores the use of Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) as transformative tools for interdisciplinary learning. By merging multiple fields, such as science, technology, arts, and humanities, VR and AR offer immersive experiences that engage learners, enhance critical thinking, and promote collaboration. The study examines the theoretical foundations of VR/AR in education, their application in interdisciplinary teaching, and the challenges of implementation. Through literature reviews and case studies, this research highlights the potential of VR/AR technologies to break traditional subject boundaries and prepare students for complex real-world challenges.

This blog post highlights the outcomes of the international conference on "Problems and Solutions in Increasing the Legal Literacy of Persons with Disabilities and Providing Free Legal Assistance," held on September 28, 2024. It emphasizes the legal challenges faced by persons with disabilities in Uzbekistan, particularly the low awareness of their rights despite comprehensive legal protections. The article reviews the rights enshrined in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On the Rights of Persons with Disabilities," including access to education, employment, healthcare, and cultural participation. It also covers the impact of international conventions like the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and national initiatives like the "Sharoit.plus" mega-project, aimed at enhancing inclusion through specialized platforms like "Huquq Plus" and "Kitob Plus." The piece underscores the need for improving legal awareness to ensure that the rights of persons with disabilities are fully realized in practice.

Abdurauf Fitrat (1886-1938) is considered one of the most important intellectual and cultural figures in the history of Central Asia. A leading voice of the Jadid reform movement, Fitrat's work encompassed literature, education, politics, and language reform. This article explores his life, analyzes his major works, and assesses his lasting impact on the history of Uzbek education and literature.

В данной статье мы рассмотрим обо всём, что касается именно Киевской Руси и анализируем, почему тот или иной период считается расцветом и какие причины привели к разрушению.

This article is devoted to the theoretical and methodological foundations of the formation and development of tolerant thinking of future social work specialists. The article presents the concept of tolerance, its role in social work, the components of tolerant thinking, as well as the pedagogical and methodological foundations of the formation of this thinking. The integration of tolerance into the education system, the necessary courses and methods in the curricula, various methods of developing tolerance in practice are discussed in detail. The article also emphasizes the importance of tolerant thinking in social work and its impact on professional success. The formation of tolerance in social work requires a systematic and continuous approach, in which methodologies and practices must be consistent with each other.

Ushbu maqolada yosh hayvonlarda keng tarqalgan modda almashinuvi patologiyalardan biri raxit kasalligini etiologiyasi va klinik belgilari bo‘yicha ma’lumotlar keltirilgan.

The issue of solving a number of problems facing the executive and legislative authorities is an important component of Internet communication. With the introduction of Internet technologies into management practice, the corruption component of the activities of officials will decrease, and interested parties will be able to take the initiative, which will help minimize corruption in state structures and decriminalize society. It is necessary to study the positive experience of developing countries in implementing "electronic activities". These are, first of all, Singapore, Estonia and Japan, where the practice of using electronic means of communication to improve the activities of state bodies is developing quite actively.

Imkoniyati cheklangan fuqarolar uchun sog‘lom turmush tarzini shakllantirish muammosi bugungi kunda juda dolzarbdir. Nogironlik muammosi global miqyosda va dunyoning har qanday davlati uchun juda muhimdir. Ushbu maqolada imkoniyati cheklanganlar orasida sog‘lom turmush tarzini targ‘i qilish yo‘l-yo‘riqlari va tamoyillari borasida ilmiy ma’lumotlar keltirilgan. Bundan tashqari mazkur shaxslarning salomatligida jismoniy tarbiya va sportning ahamiyati xususida muhim xulosalar bayon etilgan.

Мазкур мақолада Қўқон давлат музей-қўриқхонасининг тарихий шаклланиши, бугунги кундаги фаолияти, таркибидаги музейлар, илмий-тадқиқот ишлари ва маҳаллий ҳамда халқаро даражадаги ҳамкорликлар кенг ёритилган. Музейнинг илмий ходимлари томонидан олиб борилаётган тадқиқотлар, археологик қазишмалар ва қўлёзма манбаларни тўплаш ишлари музейнинг илмий ва маданий аҳамиятини янада оширган. Шунингдек, музейда ўтказиладиган кўргазмалар, фестиваллар, конференциялар ва замонавий ахборот технологиялари қўлланилиши унинг жамоатчилик билан интерактив муносабатларини мустаҳкамлагани қайд этилган. Мақолада музейнинг Фарғона водийси тарихи ва ҳунармандчилиги соҳасидаги улкан ҳиссаси ҳам алоҳида ўрин олган.

Mazkur ishda musiqa madaniyati darslarida nota savodxonligini shakllantirish va uning o‘quvchilarning musiqiy dunyoqarashini rivojlantirishdagi o‘rni yoritiladi. Shuningdek, notani o‘qish va yozish ko‘nikmalari orqali musiqani to‘g‘ri anglash, ijro etish va baholash imkoniyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Amaliy yondashuv va didaktik usullar orqali nota savodxonligini o‘rgatishning samarali yo‘llari ko‘rsatib beriladi.

Статья «Исторические связи России и Узбекистана: от древности до наших дней» представляет собой комплексное исследование многовековых взаимоотношений двух стран, прослеживая их эволюцию от первых контактов до современного этапа. Работа охватывает широкий спектр исторических периодов, начиная с древних времен, когда территории современных России и Узбекистана входили в состав различных кочевых империй и торговых путей Великого Шелкового пути, и до наших дней, характеризующихся стратегическим партнерством и интеграционными процессами.

Mazkur maqola Shukur Xolmirzayevning hikoyalari, ulardagi oʻziga xoslik,obrazlarning rang-barangligi masalalariga bagʻishlangan boʻlib, unda yozuvchi mahorati muammosiga ham eʼtibor qaratilgan.Shuningdek, Shukur Xolmirzayevning ijodida hikoya janri yaqqol ajralib turishi, ularning boshqa ijodkorlarning hikoyalaridan tubdan farq qilishi xususida ham fikr yuritilgan. Qolaversa, hikoyadagi ramziy obrazlar alohida ahamiyatga ega ekanligi ochib berilgan.

Mazkur maqolada XIX asr birinchi yarmida inglizlarning Ost-Indiya kompaniyasi tomonidan Afg'oniston hududiga yuborilgan josuslari, elchilari va missiyalarining maqsadlari, ularning mintaqada amalga oshirgan geosiyosiy maqsadlardagi faoliyatlari, Afg'onistonning davlat tuzimi, boshqaruv shakli, qo'shni davlatlar bilan munosabatlari, Afg'onistonning topografiyasi, afg'on xalqining iqtisodiy, siyosiy va ijtimoiy ahvoli, ularning, urf-odatlari, an'analari, turmush tarzi, millatlar rang-barangligi, bu davrning o'ziga xos xususiyatlari, bayon qilinadi. Shuningdek XIX asrning o'ttizinchi yillari oxirida Britaniya mustamlakasi Afg'onistonga bostirib kirish uchun bo'lgan harbiy-siyosiy va diplomatik tayyorgarliklarni qay tariqa olib borgani, Ular mamlakatdagi har-bir yo'llarning batafsil chizmalarini, suv yo'llarini, xukumat amaldorlarini, har qanday manbalarni, hududlarning siyosiy-iqtisodiy sharoitlarini sinchkovlik bilan o'rganishgani yoritiladi.

This article describes the content of qualified legal aid, which is provided in full or in part at the expense of the state in accordance with the established procedures and conditions, aimed at protecting the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of individuals. In addition, it discusses a special electronic information system designed to attract lawyers to provide legal aid at the expense of the state to individuals recognized as low-income individuals and individuals randomly selected through the “Unified Register of Social Protection” information system, as well as to perform tasks provided for by law and not related to the provision of legal aid at the expense of the state.

Yaponiya tarqoqlik hamda fuqarolar urushi davrida, davlatni birlashtirish uchun kurash, Yaponiyada Tokugavalar syogunati davrida hamda davlatning yakkalanib qokishi haqida gap boradi.

In higher education, the use of didactic tools in the training of future educators is organized by the teacher. Therefore, it is envisaged to use didactic tools in general secondary schools, and in vocational education and higher education institutions, to prepare and conduct lectures and practical exercises. For this, the curriculum and subject content are first thoroughly studied, and an electronic textbook or manual, virtual exhibitions, and didactic materials are prepared. This mainly involves presenting theoretical information, developing theoretical and technical thinking in students, arousing interest in the course content, and developing motivation for training in a specialty.

This article analyzes the pedagogical value and effectiveness of using games to introduce children to nature. The article focuses on the impact of nature-based games on children's cognitive, social and emotional development, as well as their role in increasing environmental awareness. The study examines various types of games (exploratory, role-playing and creative games) through examples and discusses their advantages in instilling in children a sense of love and conservation of nature. The article provides scientific evidence confirming the positive impact of contact with nature on children's health and learning process. In conclusion, it is emphasized that teaching nature through games should be more widely used in modern education.

Данная статья рассматривает страноведение как неотъемлемую часть изучения иностранного языка, выступающую мостом между языковой компетенцией и глубоким пониманием культуры изучаемого региона. В статье анализируется взаимосвязь языка и культуры, подчеркивается важность страноведческих знаний для эффективной коммуникации и преодоления межкультурных барьеров. Авторы исследуют различные аспекты страноведения, включая историю, географию, традиции, обычаи, литературу и искусство, и демонстрируют, как эти знания способствуют развитию лингвистических навыков и формированию межкультурной компетенции. Статья также затрагивает методические аспекты интеграции страноведческого материала в процесс обучения иностранному языку.

Mazkur maqolada oilaviy munosabatlar tizimi, oiladagi nizolar va ularning kelib chiqish sabablari hamda oilaviy zo‘ravonlik holatlariga oid masalalar bayon etilgan.

we will discuss various methodological approaches pivotal to preparing future teachers to provide effective pedagogical dialogue. Emphasizing the importance of effective communication in class, we discuss a variety of teaching approaches that facilitate dialogic learning cultures. From case studies and current practices, we attempt to find core competencies and pedagogical models that enhance teachers' ability to facilitate rich classroom conversations. The findings underscore the significance of including dialogue as a core component within teacher education programs, finally facilitating a more participatory and coactive learning experience for students.

Mazkur tadqiqotda raqamli iqtisodiyotning jadallashuvi sharoitida kichik va o‘rta biznes subyektlarining axborot tizimlariga moslashuvi tahlil qilinadi. Bugungi kunda  kichik  va o‘rta biznes egalarining  faoliyatini muvaffaqiyatli tarzda olib borishida zamonaviy texnika-texnologiyalar muhim rol o‘ynamoqda.  Ushbu tadqiqotda buxgalteriya hisobini yuritishda foydalaniladigan avtomatlashtirilgan axborot tizimlarining moslashuvchanlik darajasi hamda afzalliklari o‘rganiladi. Shuningdek, ushbu tizimlarning amaliyotda qo‘llash jarayonidagi qulayliklari, kamchiliklari va amaliy foydasi tahlil qilinadi.

Diabetes mellitus, a global health crisis characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, affects over 500 million individuals, driving significant morbidity and mortality. Insulin, a peptide hormone secreted by pancreatic beta cells, is pivotal in regulating glucose homeostasis and managing diabetes. This article provides an exhaustive exploration of insulin’s biochemical structure, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic applications in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. It examines insulin’s biosynthesis, signaling pathways, and the pathophysiology of insulin deficiency and resistance, while highlighting cutting-edge advancements in insulin therapy, including recombinant analogs, smart delivery systems, and regenerative approaches. Challenges such as hypoglycemia, weight gain, patient adherence, and global access disparities are critically analyzed. By synthesizing contemporary scientific evidence, this article underscores insulin’s indispensable role in mitigating diabetic complications, enhancing quality of life, and addressing the escalating diabetes epidemic.

Joint injuries, including dislocations, sprains, and fractures, are prevalent musculoskeletal traumas that disrupt the structural and functional integrity of joints, leading to acute pain, impaired mobility, and a predisposition to chronic degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis. These injuries affect the complex interplay of bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, and synovial fluid, initiating a cascade of biomechanical, cellular, and molecular changes. This article provides an in-depth exploration of the pathophysiology of joint traumas, their immediate and long-term effects on joint health, and the mechanisms underlying secondary complications. It examines the role of inflammation, cartilage degradation, and altered biomechanics in the progression of joint damage, while also addressing diagnostic challenges, therapeutic interventions, and rehabilitation strategies. Furthermore, the article emphasizes preventive measures and emerging research into regenerative therapies to mitigate the impact of joint injuries. By synthesizing clinical, biomechanical, and molecular perspectives, this study underscores the critical need for early intervention and holistic management to preserve joint function and improve patient outcomes.

Ushbu tezisda flora komponentli idiomalarining chog‘ishtirma kognitiv-diskursiv tahlili yo‘nalishida yozilgan bo‘lib, «Dorian Grey portreti» romanining original matni va uning o‘zbek tiliga tarjimasi misolida flora bilan bog‘liq frazeologik birliklarning muvofiqligi va muammolarini o‘rganadi. Tadqiqotda flora komponentli idiomalar tushunchasi, ularning turlariga doir nazariy asoslar, shuningdek, kognitiv va diskursiv yondashuvlar asosida idiomalar muvofiqligi va tarjima qiyinchiliklari tahlil qilinadi. Misollar yordamida tarjimadagi flora elementlarining saqlanishi va o‘zgartirilishi, madaniyatlararo tafovutlar va tarjimonlarning tanlovlari yoritiladi. Tadqiqot natijasida flora komponentli idiomalar muvofiqligi va tarjima jarayonida yuzaga keladigan muammolar aniqlanib, tarjima strategiyalarini rivojlantirish uchun yangi metodologik yondashuvlar taklif etiladi. Ushbu maqola tilshunoslik va tarjima nazariyasining rivojiga hissa qo‘shadi, madaniyatlararo tafovutlarni hisobga olgan holda adabiy tarjima sifatini oshirishga xizmat qiladi.

This article considers translation as an important aspect of linguistics, reveals its role in the transfer of meanings between languages, its impact on the formation of intercultural communication, as well as the importance of translation in the development of national literatures and scientific thought. It is substantiated that translation is not only a linguistic activity, but also a complex cognitive and cultural process that contributes to the deepening of understanding of languages and cultures.

Mazkur tadqiqotda raqamli iqtisodiyotning jadallashuvi sharoitida kichik va o‘rta biznes subyektlarining axborot tizimlariga moslashuvi tahlil qilinadi. Bugungi kunda  kichik  va o‘rta biznes egalarining  faoliyatini muvaffaqiyatli tarzda olib borishida zamonaviy texnika-texnologiyalar muhim rol o‘ynamoqda.  Ushbu tadqiqotda buxgalteriya hisobini yuritishda foydalaniladigan avtomatlashtirilgan axborot tizimlarining moslashuvchanlik darajasi hamda afzalliklari o‘rganiladi. Shuningdek, ushbu tizimlarning amaliyotda qo‘llash jarayonidagi qulayliklari, kamchiliklari va amaliy foydasi tahlil qilinadi.

This article examines the changes implemented since Uzbekistan’s independence with the goal of advancing the country’s cultural and artistic industries. It looks at how long-standing traditions and customs are maintained, passed down to future generations, and how young people are raised with a sense of patriotism while developing their aesthetic sensibilities. The article also examines the normative-legal documents, such as the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan’s decrees and resolutions, that have been adopted to support creative teams and fortify the material and technical foundation of cultural institutions.

Ushbu maqolada stilistikaning yangi qirralarini ochib beruvchi kognitiv tamoyillar haqida ma’lumotlar berilib, ulardan tildan ortiqcha foydalanish tamoyili tahlilga tortiladi. Ushbu kognitiv tamoyilning turli til sathlaridagi ko‘rinishlari farqlanadi. Ingliz va o‘zbek tillaridagi badiiy diskurs parchalari misolida ushbu kognitiv tamoyil stilistik vositaning asosi sifatida tahlil qilinadi.

Сахарный диабет и несахарный диабет - заболевания, что объединённы схожим названием, но имеющие принципиально различные патофизиологические механизмы, причины, клинические проявления и методы лечения. В данной статье был поведен сравнительный анализ двух форм диабета с акцентом на этиологию, патогенез, клинические признаки, методы диагностики и терапии. На основе анализа современных клинических исследований описываются ключевые отличия между сахарным диабетом 1 и 2 типов и центральным и нефрогенным несахарным диабетом. Также рассматриваются трудности дифференциальной диагностики в педиатрической и взрослой практике.

Ushbu maqola zamonaviy oliy ta’lim muassasalarida talabalarning vokal ijrochiligi ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirishda innovatsion metodlar va texnologiyalardan foydalanish masalalariga bag‘ishlangan. Tadqiqotda an’anaviy vokal ta’limi usullari bilan birga, raqamli texnologiyalar, interaktiv o‘qitish vositalari, multimedia tizimlar, sun’iy intellekt dasturlari va individual yondashuvni birlashtiruvchi kompleks metodika taklif etilgan.

Цель: оценка лабораторных показателей у больных неспецифическим спондилитом (НС) и туберкулезным спондилитом (ТС). Материалы и методы. ТС диагностирован у 90(100%) пациентов, НС у 50(100%) пациентов. Проведен сравнительный анализ лабораторных показателей. Результаты: Острофазные белки крови были больше повышены у больных НС. Однако, повышение фибриногена статистически значимо было больше при ТС. Хотя положительная корреляционная связь между СРБ и фибриногеном отмечалась как при ТС, так и при НС, r = 0,43 и r = 0,4 соответственно. Выводы: Лабораторные показатели крови, указывающие на системное воспаление более повышены при НС, чем при ТС, за исключением фибриногена, который больше повышается при ТС.

Цель. Определить возможности лабораторных, рентгенологических и иммунологических тестов в диагностике туберкулезного спондилита (ТС). Материалы и методы. В основу исследования легли результаты обследования 75(100%) пациентов с диагнозом ТС, а также 50(100%) пациентов с диагнозом неспецифический спондилит (НС). Обследование пациентов проводилось путем общеклинических оценок и специализированных лабораторных тестов, МРТ, КТ, P1NP, Quantiferon TB Gold (QFT), гистологически, бактериологически. Результаты. Выявлены частота, чувствительность, специфичность и положительная прогностическая ценность МРТ и КТ признаков ТС по отношению к НС. Оценена диагностическая ценность QFT. Выводы. Ранняя диагностика ТС требует комплексного подхода, основанного на рентгенологических оценках, иммунологических тестах, а также гистологических и бактериологических результатах.

This article examines the challenges involved in translating economic terminology from English into Uzbek, focusing on issues such as non-equivalence, polysemy, and neologisms. It highlights the structural and conceptual differences between the two languages and analyses the limitations of existing bilingual dictionaries. The paper also explores the role of lexicography in ensuring accurate and contextually appropriate translations of economic terms. Recommendations are provided to improve the quality and usability of English–Uzbek economic dictionaries, thereby enhancing cross-cultural communication and economic literacy.

This article explores the pragmatic interpretation of culturally embedded lexical units related to family upbringing in English and Uzbek. Drawing upon a comparative intercultural framework, the study examines how terms such as parenting, discipline, and nurture in English and their Uzbek equivalents tarbiya, odob, and parvarish function within different socio-cultural contexts. Through qualitative methods including componential semantics, discourse analysis, and pragmatic context evaluation, the research highlights how each term conveys unique connotations tied to cultural ideologies, social expectations, and emotional values.

In our society today, the teaching of foreign languages, especially English, is developing day by day. The mechanism of teaching methods plays an important role in the process of teaching English. The use of effective method competencies in the classroom is valued as a product of the intellectual approach and research of each faculty member to their profession. The functional serenity of modern ped-technologies improves the process of integrated communication in the process of language teaching.

This article analyzes the successful information from each of the modern methods of teaching a foreign language, independent educational technologies. It allows students to adjust any technology in accordance with the structure, functions, content, goals and objectives of teaching a specific group of students.