No. 2 (2025) Social Sciences in the modern world: theoretical and practical research

this article covers the role of the team in the development of organizational skills in the personality of a small school-age student.

Ushbu maqolada yengil atletikaning yugurish bo’limining tekis masofa bo’ylab yugurishdagi  qisqa masofaga yuguruvchi (sprint) larning  jismoniy sifatlardan eng muhimlari bo’lgan tezkorlik va chidamlilik sifatlarini rivojlantirishga  yordam beradigan maxsus mashqlar hamda  organizmidagi antropometrik o’zgarishlar haqida bayon etilgan.

Fiduciary duties are primarily aimed at protecting the interests of the beneficiary based on the principles of honesty, loyalty, care, and prudent management. This article analyzes the importance of fiduciary relationships in the management of beneficiary property in modern legal systems, the formation of fiduciary duties, and their role in ensuring legal relationships. It also examines the state of national legislation, identifies legal gaps, and emphasizes the need to address them. Furthermore, the article critically addresses the absence of normative-legal foundations that clearly define the rights and obligations of fiduciaries and beneficiaries in national legislation, and proposes suggestions for improving national laws. In addition, based on international experience, the article emphasizes the need to establish legal foundations for ensuring the effective management of beneficiary property by strengthening fiduciary relationships legally.

In this article we will consider the origin and role of cosmonyms, their typology and significance for science and culture. Names of planets and their satellites, names of stars and constellations, names of galaxies, names of comets and asteroids, names of individual star systems and clusters. These names have both scientific and cultural significance, reflecting man's interest in space exploration and his centuries-old desire to understand the secrets of the Universe.

This article explores the stylistic features of literary and newspaper texts, focusing on their linguistic, structural, and functional distinctions. By analyzing these features, the study highlights how each genre employs stylistic devices to achieve specific communicative goals. The analysis emphasizes the role of creativity and formality in literary texts compared to the precision and immediacy in newspaper texts. Understanding these stylistic variations contributes to a deeper comprehension of how language is tailored to different audiences and purposes.

Ushbu maqola Amerika ingliz tilining evolyutsiyasi, tarixiy va madaniy o‘zgarishlari, shuningdek, yangi emigratsiya to‘lqinlari, ijtimoiy o‘zgarishlar, texnologik taraqqiyot va global kommunikatsiyasining ta'sirida shakllangan omillarni, shuningdek bugungi kunda dunyo miqyosida eng ko‘p ishlatiladigan ingliz tili variantlari bo’lmish o‘ziga xos talaffuz, grammatikani qo‘llash va so‘z boyligiga ega bo’lgan Amerika va Britaniya ingliz tillari o‘rtasidagi bir nechta muhim farqlarni tahlil qiladi.

The article discusses the self-development of teachers - the ability to engage in independent learning, the effectiveness of independent learning, the need for personal development and self-development, and the availability of conditions for realizing this need.

Мақолада Хива шаҳридаги  меъморий ёдгорликлар, ўзбек миллий менталитетига хос энг муҳим жиҳатлар яъни халқимизнинг маънавиятга бўлган туғма чанқоқлиги, аждодларимиз тарихи, улар томонидан яратилган маънавий, маданий ёдгорликларни қадрлаш, мамлакатимиз ҳудудида кўп минг йиллик тарих давомида инсоният томонидан турли йўллар билан яратилганлиги, тарихий обидаларни, маданий моддий бойликларни бугунги кундаги ҳолатини ўрганиш каби жиҳатлар олиб борилган.

This article examines the reforms carried out in the sphere of judicial power in recent years in our country, the introduction of new institutions for conducting court cases, the process of re-examining judicial acts in the revision procedure, the right to appeal in the revision procedure, courts considering complaints in the revision procedure, the procedure for filing a complaint in the revision procedure, written about the number, the term for considering a complaint in the revision procedure and some issues of considering revision cases by courts.

The investigation of crimes related to violations of information technology regulations in the Republic of Uzbekistan presents an urgent and complex challenge in the context of society's digital transformation. Within the framework of current legislation, including the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Informatization" (2003) and other regulatory acts, such crimes encompass unauthorized access to information systems, data breaches, cyberattacks, and non-compliance with critical infrastructure protection requirements. The key entities responsible for investigations are specialized units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the State Security Service, which collaborate with IT experts to analyze digital traces, conduct cybernetic examinations, and ensure the preservation of electronic evidence. However, the process is complicated by the rapid advancement of technologies, cybercriminals' use of encryption and anonymization techniques, and the transnational nature of cybercrimes, which necessitates international cooperation. Violations in the sphere of informatization pose risks to national security, the economy, and citizens' privacy, which is particularly critical in the context of implementing state digitalization programs.

This article discusses the spatial cases as “barıs”, “shıǵıs” and “orın” in karakalpak language and their expressions in English.

Ushbu maqola tilshunoslik to‘g‘risida ba’zi faylasuflarning falsafiy qarashlari bayon etilgan. Falsafaning tilshunoslikka ta’sir qilgan jihatlari. Til to‘g‘risida ba’zi tavsiflar, fikr va muloxazalar keltirib o’tilgan.

В статье рассматривается роль искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) в уголовном процессе, его потенциал для оптимизации расследования преступлений, анализа доказательств и вынесения судебных решений. Особое внимание уделено правовым и этическим аспектам внедрения ИИ, а также возможным рискам, связанным с его использованием. Автор анализирует перспективы развития ИИ в сфере уголовного судопроизводства и предлагает меры по минимизации связанных с этим угроз.

Ekotizim — bu aloqalar o'zgaruvchan va murakkabdir, bu tabiat va uning tarkibiy qismlarining o'zaro aloqada bo'lgan tizimi bo'lib. Insonlar va ularning jamiyatlaridagi o'zaro munosabatlar va madaniy an'analarga ham taalluqli, ekotizim atamasi asosan biologiya va ekologiya fanlarida ishlatilsa ham. Qadriyatlari va ekologik ongining shakllanishiga katta ta'sir ko‘rsatadi, tildagi ifodalanishi xalqning tabiiy olamga bo‘lgan munosabati. o'zining tarixiy tajribasi, tabiatga bo‘lgan qarashlari, va zamonaviy ekologik muammolar bilan bog‘liq o‘ziga xos xususiyatlarni, o‘zida aks ettiradi, har bir til va madaniyat.Ingliz tili dunyo miqyosida dominant tildan biri bo‘lib, ekologik muammolarni global darajada yoritishda muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Shu bilan birga, o'zbek tili, milliy madaniyat va qadriyatlarni o'z ichiga olgan, tabiat va uning resurslariga nisbatan hurmatni ta'kidlaydigan til sifatida ajralib turadi. Ekotizimlarning milliy-madaniy xususiyatlari tildagi ko‘plab iboralar, atamalar va tasavvurlar orqali ifodalanadi. Bundan tashqari  ingliz va o'zbek tillarida ekotizimning milliy-madaniy xususiyatlarini solishtiramiz va har bir tilning ekologik qarashlarini chuqur tahlil qilamiz.

Ushbu tezisda lotin tili va tibbiy terminologiya fanining tibbiyotdagi roli va ahamiyati to’g’risida fikr yuritilgan. Unda lotin tilining kelib chiqish tarixi, tibbiyotda lotincha terminlarning ishlatilishi, o’rni va o’ziga xos xususiyatlari borasida tahlillar asosida ma’lumotlar berilgan.

Hozirgi zamon muammolari, jumladan, iqlim o‘zgarishi, yer va suv resurslarining degradatsiyasi sharoitida, ekologik funksiyaning huquqiy asoslarini shakllantirishda, O‘zbekiston parlamentidan ilg‘or va ilmiy asoslangan qonunlarni qabul qilishni talab etadi. Shu bilan birga, milliy xususiyatlarni hisobga olib, iqtisodiy rivojlanish va ekologik manfaatlar o‘rtasida muvozanatni ta’minlash hamda fuqarolik jamiyatini ekologik qonun ijodkorligiga jalb etish muhim ahamiyatga ega hisoblanadi.

Mazkur maqolada raqobatbardoshlikni oshirishda klaster tizimining institutsional ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Klaster yondashuvi global iqtisodiyotda strategik rivojlanish omili sifatida qaralib, u ishlab chiqarish samaradorligi, innovatsion faoliyat va bozor talablariga tez moslashish imkoniyatlarini kengaytiradi. Tadqiqot davomida klaster tizimining normativ-huquqiy asoslari, davlat va xususiy sektor hamkorligi, ilmiy-tadqiqot institutlarining roli hamda klasterlar orqali eksport salohiyatini kengaytirish masalalari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Klaster tizimi doirasida resurslardan samarali foydalanish, tannarxni pasaytirish va ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy barqarorlikni ta’minlash bo‘yicha ilmiy asoslangan tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan.

Ushbu maqolada ingliz va o‘zbtk tillarida somatizmlarni ifodalovchi topishmoqlarning strukturaviy va sintaktik xususiyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Somatik ltksika tilning asosiy tarkibiy qismlaridan biri bo‘lib, u inson tanasi a’zolari va ularning funksiyalari bilan bog‘liq tushunchalarni ifodalaydi. Maqolada ushbu topishmoqlarning grammatik va sintaktik tuzilishi, ularning mttaforik va stmantik xususiyatlari qiyosiy tahlil qilinadi. Natijalar ingliz va o‘zbtk topishmoqlarida somatizmlarning o‘xshash va farqli jihatlarini aniqlashga xizmat qiladi.

Nosocomial infections (NI) remain one of the most pressing healthcare issues worldwide. Their significance is determined by high morbidity and mortality rates, prolonged hospital stays, and the economic costs associated with treating complications.

Ushbu tezisda elektron tezаuruslarning qidiruv tizimlari bilan integratsiyasi va ularning axborot qidiruvini optimallashtirishdagi roli tahlil qilinadi. Elektron tezаuruslar semantik tahlil, qidiruv doirasini kengaytirish, natijalarni dolzarblashtirish va mavzular bo‘yicha tasniflash imkonini beradi. Shuningdek, tezаuruslar sun’iy intellekt va mashina tarjimasi tizimlarida keng qo‘llaniladi. Qidiruv tizimlarining samaradorligini oshirish uchun elektron tezаuruslarni ishlab chiqish, ularni tahlil qilish va integratsiyalash texnologiyalari muhim ahamiyatga ega.

Ushbu maqolada ijtimoiy psixologiya doirasida oilaviy munosabatlarning shakllanishi,rivojlanishi va barqarorligi haqida so’z yuritiladi.Oilaviy psixologiya insonlarning oila ichidagi o’zaro munosabatlarning, kommunikatsiya jarayonlari, konfliktlar va ularning yechimlarini, shuningdek, oilaviy rollarning ta’sirini o’rganadi. Mustahkam oilaviy munosabatlar inson ruhiyati va jamiyat barqarorligi uchun muhim ahamiyatga ega. Maqolada oilada kommunikatsiya usullari, oila a’zolari o’rtasidagi emotsional bog’liqliklar, nizolarni bartaraf etish strategiyalari va farzand tarbiyasining psixologik jihatlari yoritib beriladi.Shuningdek,zamonaviy oilalarda uchraydigan muammolar va ularni hal qilish yo’llari muhokama qilinadi. Maqola oilaviy psixologiya bilan shug’ullanadigan mutaxassislar, pedagoglar va oilaviy munosabatlar psixologiyasiga qiziqqan har bir inson uchun foydali bo’lishi mumkin.

This research adapted the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) framework to assess Uzbekistan's digital performance, identify areas for improvement, and propose evidence-based policy recommendations to enhance the country's digital economy and infrastructure. Aligned with the "Digital Uzbekistan 2030" strategy, the study employed a quantitative approach, combining primary data from surveys of 62 enterprises and secondary data from government and international sources. Data analysis followed the DESI Methodological Note, focusing on its four dimensions. Ethical practices, such as voluntary participation and reliance on open-source data, were maintained. The study revealed Uzbekistan's DESI score of 0.42, comparable to lower-performing EU countries, highlighting significant gaps in Human Capital and Connectivity. Despite limitations like data availability, regional disparities, and a small sample size, the research offers critical insights and actionable recommendations for advancing Uzbekistan's digital transformation.

Ushbu maqola madaniy ta’sir va an’anaviy tarjimalar o’rtasidagi bog’lanishni tahlil etadi. Madaniyat va til o’rtasidagi aloqalarni o’rganib, an’anaviy ifodalar va qadriyatlarning tarjimasi, jamiyatdagi til va madaniyat o’zgarishlariga qanday ta’sir ko’rsatishi ko’rib chiqiladi. Maqolada madaniy elementlar va tilning ahamiyati, ularning xalq hayotidagi o’rni, va xalqaro kommunikatsiyada madaniyatlarning qanday aks etishi tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, tarjimalar va madaniy o’zlikni saqlashning o’ziga xos jihatlari va globalizatsiya jarayonidagi yangi qiyinchiliklar ham yoritiladi. Maqola madaniy va lingvistik tadqiqotlarga qiziqqan olimlar, talaba va ilmiy jamoatchilik uchun muhim manba hisoblanadi.

This article explores the significance of recognizing students' online and offline learning styles in modern education. The study provides an in-depth analysis of various learning methods and their effectiveness in improving students' academic performance. The article also highlights the advantages and disadvantages of both approaches and emphasizes the importance of blended learning for optimal results.

O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Konstitutsiyasida mustahkamlab qo‘yilgan inson huquqlari va erkinliklarini ta’minlashda, jamiyatda qonuniylik va huquq-tartibotni mustahkamlashda hamda qonun hujjatlarini amaliyotda qo‘llash samaradorligini oshirish va takomillashtirishda sud hokimiyati alohida o‘rin tutadi. Shu sababli ham jamiyatda va davlat boshqaruvida sud organlarining nufuzini oshirish, sudyalarning chinakam mustaqilligini va faqat qonunlarga asoslanib ish yuritishini ta’minlash mamlakatimizda huquqiy demokratik davlat va fuqarolik jamiyatini qurishdagi muhim shartlardan biri hisoblanadi.