27
UDK 36
Sodirjonov M.M.
Researcher
Namangan State University
ETHNOSOCIOLOGICAL FACTORS OF SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION
IN MODERN UZBEKISTAN
Annotation:
The article
discusses the
economic
and
political
changes in Uzbek society and the radical changes in people's daily lives . In
addition, the article modern social transformation of ethno factors , etnosotsional
processes described in the subjectivity of ethnic groups fail. Ethnic social
processes in the region are discussed in terms of ethnic unity and harmony, ethnic
conflicts, ethnic migration, and the importance of ethnic economics .
Keywords: globalization, internet, ethnicity, mentality, ethnosocial process,
media, virtual space, digital economy, modernization.
The twenty-first century, the country s role in the economic life of the
people, and the world community in connection with the development of
information technologies. It is known that in the period of rapid development of
science and technology, the sharp increase in the volume of scientific knowledge,
understanding and imagination is becoming a significant part of everyday
life. This, on the one hand, scientific and technological development of new
industries because of its differentsiallashuvini providing, on the other hand, the
science in the process of integration creates.
The XXI century marks new milestones in the study of the history and
national values of the Uzbek people. Today, unknown stages and aspects of our
history are being rediscovered. In recent years, a number of significant studies on
the ancient statehood traditions, ethnic history and ethnogenesis of the Uzbek
28
people have been created [ 3 ]. However, so far no sociological research has been
conducted on the mentality of the Uzbek people, its peculiarities, succession and
intergenerational conflict [4].
It is known from history that the mentality of each nation in the world,
including Uzbeks, is formed within the specific historical, ethnic, natural and
climatic conditions, so its attitude to socio-political events and historical processes
in society is different. . After all, national identities are determined on the basis of
socio-economic, political processes, natural geographical location, mutual
ethnocultural relations, religious affiliation over a long historical period.
The main goal of the development of any society will be to improve the
living standards of the population. The state pursues a strong social policy to
ensure social stability, economic development, peace , and a healthy and
prosperous life. Considering this, the further development of the Republic of
Uzbekistan " H " action strategy in the early stages of life of the
population f arovonligi and quality of life of the great creative work is carried
out. Today, more than 60% of the state budget is directed to the development of
the social sphere.
Consequently, the domestic production of the rational core of the national
policy reforms "Many nationality - Uzbekistan's wealth" the main idea. Particular
attention is paid to the fifth priority of the Action Strategy for the further
development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2017-2021 - ensuring security,
interethnic harmony and religious tolerance, as well as the implementation of
well-thought-out, mutually beneficial and practical foreign policy [ 1. 27]. The
country has created ample opportunities for the active participation of citizens of
different nationalities in socio-economic, political, legal, spiritual and educational
life, their understanding of national identity and the preservation of ethnic values.
Etnosotsional processes - this is a type of social processes , to describe the
subjectivity of the ethnic groups is an important factor hissoblanadi. Ethnic social
29
processes in the region include ethnic unity and harmony, ethnic conflicts, ethnic
migration, ethnic economics, and ethnic crime.
In fact, if the ethnic group is not available as a single event, but a cultural
and political nature of the "elements" allocating SA, which is under pressure from
the Soviet Union was very aggressive and their growth during the current group of
ethnic crackdown. However, the filling of this process did not happen. This ethnic
factor in the Soviet T z mining and the stability of its political and economic
evidence of the influence of the components. The USSR decay is one of the
reasons is that during the years of the Soviet Union and its powerful ethnic
territory, only limited additional cultural ya Madi. In short, the culture of the
peoples of the Soviet Union persecuted religious traditions, of course, have
successfully developed.
Let us take another example as a clear case of possible ethnic conflict. The
objection that these “some elites” are provoking a conflict or that the group is
based on economic claims does not absolve it from criticism (the events in
Fergana confirm this ) . These peoples have historically the same origin, and today
there is no significant difference between Turkish and Uzbek cultures . For
example, the Ferghana village have the main part of the Muslim population that
has become important to their identity.
In other words, the idea of a clear, comfortable, and superior union leads to
separation, and we have witnessed separatism in the process of building
Europe. Moreover, not only in Central or Eastern Europe , where the direction of
such events was conveniently explained by the mistakes of national policy in
communist execution, but also in a stable, highly prosperous Western society
concerned with the rights of national minorities.
Specific manifestations of the ethnic factor include macro, and meso-level
factors. Key factors at the macro level include society and the state. Along with
the general ethnosociological features of society (ethnodemographic composition
of the population, the ratio of national majority and minority, the intensity of
30
ethnic migration, the presence or absence of ethnic stratification in the minds of
citizens, etc.), there are specific features of a particular society and state.
The population of all countries in the world is divided into 2 groups
according to their national composition. The first is monoethnic (population is
mainly composed of one ethnic group) and the second is polyethnic
(multinational) states.
Uzbekistan has its own characteristics, which are expressed as follows. The
country has never been mono e non-ethnic state, historically the modern world, the
most common model is rejected. Today, globalization is leading to the decline of
mono-ethnic states. According to experts, a state is a monoethnic state if 5 percent
of its population is made up of other non-titular nationalities. At a time when
migration processes are on the rise, mono-ethnic states are almost non-
existent. (Ethnic Uzbeks) of the nation, not the formation of a one-third of the
racial-ethnic backgrounds, but in a neighboring ethnic groups ( q foodstuffs,
Kyrgyz, Tajiks, Turkmens, etc.) in a long time as a result of "interference" . The
former I ttifoq period on the basis of national policy (in the government, on the
one hand, benefits, on the other hand, restrictions and ethnic discrimination), but
lay religious views. In other words, it was "useful" to be Russian-speaking, not
Uzbek-speaking.
Title peoples - in all historical periods, Uzbeks were much higher than other
ethnic groups, so they represented the national majority not only legally, but also
quantitatively. At the same time, for example, during the heyday of the British
Empire, the British were only a few percent comparable to the colonial peoples .
Today, the phenomenon of " cultural influence " is not always accompanied
by a certain amount of violence, but we can not deny that the Uzbek language
and Uzbek culture in general has always served as a strong unifying principle for
all peoples living in different periods of the Uzbek state.
The national policy of the Soviet state was full of internal contradictions,
which eventually led to the collapse of the union. The role of the ethnic factor in
31
this process was not clearly considered. The main contradiction was, of course, the
attempt to combine the two incompatible trends. On the one hand, the formation of
a single national-ethnic nation - the Soviet people as equal citizens, on the other
hand, to put the principle of ethnicization in the construction of a union
state. Obviously, the filling of these two ideological opposite to each
other. This significant estimates " unreliable " mass deportation nations, victims of
the German occupation of the post-war repression and more events need to enter
them.
During the Soviet period, the institutionalization of the ethnic group began
with the national-territorial structure of the Soviet state and the formation of
ethno-national elites who later took an active part in the disintegration of the
Union. An ethnos in the form of “ blood-kinship ” to a particular ethnic
group began to perform an unusual regulatory function, and the ethnic group was
essentially transformed into a reference group for all its members.
Today, ethnic group, the secret institutsionalizatsiya be observed in a
number of national entities, inter-ethnic relations broke ng li shi and can lead to
ethnic tensions. The ethno-social stratification inherent in Uzbek society is not
typical of the postmodern period. It exists only in a symbolic reality, and the work
of directly influencing interethnic relations is exactly the same. Based on the
ethnic origin of a complex system of ethnic status (national titles belonging to the
majority or minority, or titles), as well as being a member of the group , place of
residence ( " their " national association or " stranger " ) expands the social
distance between representatives of different nationalities, ethnic conflicts leads to
Economic and political changes in Uzbek society are characterized by the
phenomenon of "cultural delay", which is much more important than the radical
changes in people's daily lives and psychological preparation.
The main factor at the intermediate level is educational and upbringing
institutions
that
provide humanitarian
(spiritual) education to
the younger
generation , in particular, ethno-cultural education, which contributes to
32
the formation of ethnic identity and patriotism, national identity. Socialization is
carried out by the subjects of education within the framework of the general
ideology of this society, especially its national idea.
For filling the most important part of this process is a positive ethnic
identity and the representatives of the people in the country, with the formation of
the Uzbek nation in the future not only in law (Civil), but also the development of
the spiritual (psychological level) offers a national identity for all of creation is
explained .
I
must
admit
that,
having
a
different
ethnic
origin Study of
Karakalpakstan US citizens of ethnic tolerance and mutual aimed at creating a
positive
relationship
between
this
humanitarian
mission. According to the researchers , ethnic superstition, extremism, and a
tendency to dominate other ethnic groups in young people who have gone through
the stage of secondary socialization in the new conditions are far from
over [ 6 ] . As a result, the Soviet practice of internatsionalizmi not only
ideological shortcomings, including the BBC RGA generous qualities that allow
the formation of a few generations of people is not enough. The one exception to
this - by the state policy of open and covert anti-Semitism grown syndrome.
The main factor at the micro level is the family, which is a key element of
the primary social relations. The " entry " of the child into the ethnic culture of his
people takes place in the family . This part of the community of children at the
primary skills of social relations, including ethnic relationships of family, ethnic
and cultural system of norms, manners, customs, and most importantly, groups
and personal conflicts arising from negative ethnic stereotypes are
formed. Research shows that the family, as an ethnic “ socializer, ” dominates the
influence of educational institutions on consciousness. If the family and the
school spread different systems of values and stereotypes, the family wins in this
competition, because the upbringing in the family is continuous and is carried out
not only consciously but also unconsciously [ 7 ] .
33
Thus, for example, the process of family sotsializatsiya safeguard the ethnic
intolerance, stereotypes, attitudes and social behavior, often at the level of the
school
s teaching hitting
the
positive
ethnic
relations
in
moderation. Complementing the above factors as the media and the arts
(especially literature), they also need to talk about the ethnic culture and ethnic
system of norms, customs, manners and understanding of the formation of
stereotypes , " take part " . B during an assessment of the representatives of ethnic
groups and their effects are always " been " recognized by the dominant.
A specific factor determining the direction of ethnic relations at the
interpersonal level is the personal experience of social processes . This experience
not only be positive or negative , but it now exists. In addition, personal
experience of interaction (acquaintance with representatives of a particular ethnic
group) often reduces the impact of the system of social stereotypes formed in the
process of socialization, while the absence of such cases reinforces stereotypes
about accepting and evaluating an ethnically “other” person.
In the context of multi-ethnicity, the establishment of interethnic relations
requires taking into account the uniqueness, diversity of interests and needs of
each nation. "Today, more than 130 nationalities and ethnic groups live in our
country as children of one family" [ 2 ]. This is due to the national responsibility
of people of different nationalities living in the country, as well as the activities of
governmental
and
non-governmental
organizations
on
ethnocultural
policy. "13 8 national cultural centers play a leading role in the development of
ethnic identity and further harmonization of interethnic relations in our country ."
Taking into account such aspects as the unique cultural traditions and values
of different nations and peoples allows for the sustainable and consistent
development of interethnic relations in the system of national interests. "Because
social development in polyethnic societies shows signs of diversity" [ 3. 15].
In conclusion, it should be noted that, according to their nature, nson social
approaches with respect to the environment and society as an important
34
component to consider that this principle social ts entrizm between principles and
antroposentrizm
antroposotsiosentrizmni
will
be
grounds
for
promotion. Social ts entrizm the West for a long time the principle of social and
political systems, and social development of the socialist systems that are used in
the power of the masses of the people.
The principle of anthroposociocentrism, based on the cooperation of society
in the human, cultural, economic, political and legal spheres, presupposes the
definition of material and spiritual values, along with other macrocosmic
values. When attention is paid to the material and practical life of each individual,
personal security is important for individual members of society, and it must be
endorsed by others and more important to one another.
References:
1.
Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the Action Strategy
for further development of the Republic of Uzbekistan. -T .: Adolat, 2017. - B. 27.
2.
Mirziyoev.Sh.M. We will resolutely continue our path of national
development and raise it to a new level. - T .: Uzbekistan, pages 296, 297, 298.
3.
Askarov A.A. Some theoretical and scientific-methodological bases of
ethnogenesis and ethnic history of the Uzbek people // History of Uzbekistan,
2002. № 4. Pages 54-60
4.
Bekmurodov MB, Begmatov A. National mentality and leadership
spirituality. - T., 2003; Bekmurodov M.B. Features of the Uzbek mentality //
Social opinion. 1998 № 1. Pages 49-53
5.
Musayev O . R . Socio - philosophical features
of
the development
of interethnic relations
in Uzbekistan . Author's
abstract
of
the
doctoral
dissertation (DSc). - T .: 2017. p.15
6.
Bell D. Ethnicity and Social Change // Ethnicity. Theory and Experience. NY,
1989.
7.
Triandis G.K. Culture and social behavior. M .: Forum, 2007.
