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ACADEMICIA
A n I n t e r n a t i o n a l
M u l t i d i s c i p l i n a r y
R e s e a r c h J o u r n a l
( Doubl e B l i nd Ref ereed & P eer Revi ew ed Journal )
DOI:
10.5958/2249-7137.2021.01865.6
STUDY OF EPIZOOTOLOGY OF TRIXOPHYTIS DISEASE IN COWS OF
SAMARKAND REGION
Shopulatova Zumrat Jahongirovna*;
Usmonova Khadicha Juraevna**
*Associate Professor,
Candidate of Veterinary Sciences,
UZBEKISTAN
**Doctoral Student,
Samarkand Institute of Veterinary Medicine,
UZBEKISTAN
ABSTRACT
This article examines the epizootiology of the origin of trichophytosis in cattle, depending on the
season. In the research process, the distribution of the trichophytia fungus in cattle was
highlighted in the cross section of the seasons.
This is due to the wider development of
international relations and the increase in animal exports. According to Rasulov's research in
Uzbekistan in the 1970s, trichophytosis in cattle was exacerbated during the winter months,
mainly in calves under one year of age.
During the life of the animal, the diagnosis is made by
laboratory examination of the fungus itself or its hairs under a microscope, taking into account
the clinical signs of the disease, epizootiological data, age, type, and what type of fungus it has.
Due to high humidity in the barns, the bottom of the cattle is filled with manure, the barns are
not ventilated in time, pits and dust appear between the hairs of the cattle, the cattle are strongly
disturbed and lick their outer bodies.
KEYWORDS:
Cattle, Fungus, Microbe, Pit, Disinfection, Samarkand Region, Seasons,
Epizootology.
INTRODUCTION
Currently, there is a trend of deterioration of the ecological situation, which leads to a decrease in
immunity of animals and humans and, consequently, an increase in the number of mycotic
diseases. Livestock is an important sector of agriculture in our country and plays an important
role in meeting the needs of our people in livestock products.
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Today, the demand for the development of pedigree cattle breeding is growing in the country.
The main reason for this is the pedigree of cattle imported from abroad and the high level of
meat and dairy products.
It is expedient to maintain this productivity, increase their breed and provide farms and the
population of different regions and districts of the country with quality livestock.
For this reason, pedigree cattle imported from abroad are kept in quarantine for 40 days. The
goal is to prevent various infectious and fungal diseases and prevent them from spreading to
other regions. Unfortunately, due to non-compliance with quarantine rules on some farms,
various infectious and trichophytic diseases are also on the rise. Despite the fact that veterinary
measures are being taken, the incidence of trichophytosis (tetanus) in such cattle is growing
every year. Given the fact that in veterinary practice so far no interregional scientific conclusions
on trichophytosis in cattle, the main purpose of my research was to study the epizootiology of
trichophytosis in cattle in the Samarkand region.
Level of study of the problem:
Long-term observations show that the prevalence of
Trichopheton verrcosum fungi can vary significantly. This is due to the wider development of
international relations and the increase in animal exports. According to Rasulov's research in
Uzbekistan in the 1970s, trichophytosis in cattle was exacerbated during the winter months,
mainly in calves under one year of age. An analysis of the literature on tetanus published in the
1960s and 1970s found that the disease mainly began in August-September among calves, with
trichophytia being more common in the fall and winter and less common in the early spring.
My research shows that the disease has been found to be more common mainly in the fall and
winter seasons during 2018. In the spring and summer of the 2019 season, damage was observed
in the form of coins. In 2018-2019, coin-shaped forms of trichophytia were more common in
cattle of different ages, mainly in October in the fall, winter in December, spring in March-April,
and summer in August.
The purpose of the study:
Seasonal analysis of the fungal disease
trichophytia (tetanus),
which occurs in livestock in the population and breeding farms.
Materials and methods:
According to the research, in October, December, March, April,
August 2018-2019 in the Arabkhana area of Pastdargom district of Samarkand region and in the
village of Esavoy in the farm "Grant Farim", in the breeding farm "Yurti Risqi" LLC Kasbi
district of Kashkadarya region when diagnosed with the disease in cattle appeared iron spots in
the form of circles, circular shapes on the upper part of the skin. During the life of the animal, the
diagnosis is made by laboratory examination of the fungus itself or its hairs under a microscope,
taking into account the clinical signs of the disease, epizootiological data, age, type, and what
type of fungus it has. It is taken from the injured area of each infected animal for inspection.
Take 6-10 pieces of damaged wool fiber, put in a cup petri and add 5 grams of 10% sodium
hydroxide solution. After 20-30 minutes, add a drop of 50% glycerin to the microscope
instrument glass, collect 6 hairs on it, cover it with a thin cover glass and check the average size
of the microscope.
Trichopheton verrcosum
fungal examination was performed according to generally accepted
methods.
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Inspection results and their analysis:
The research was conducted at
“
Yurti Risqi
”
LLC
breeding farm in Kasbi district of Kashkadarya region, Iskandari, Bakkal, Ravot mahallas in
Samarkand region, Jambay, Payarik and Pastdargom districts, and
“
Graent Farim
”
farm in
Esavoy village.
At the
“
Graent Farim
”
farm, 33 Simmental breeds imported from Poland are in the meat and
dairy category, weighing 550-600 kg. The cattles were delivered in late August.
Picture 1. Microscopic examination of the
fungus Trichopheton verrcosum.
Picture 2. Appearance of an animal infected with
the fungus Trichophytia
Until September and October, cattle are kept in outdoor pastures, left in the field during the rainy
season, high humidity, insufficient suckling, lack of indoor barn buildings, lack of disinfection
causes various diseases. Trichophytosis was observed on the farm in November, December, and
January. As a result, the daily milk yield in such cows is reduced by 1-2.0 times in a short time,
and div weight by 15-20%, in return for their decline in growth and development, the
population and farms suffered great economic losses.
These barns were disinfected twice with supermethrin and chlorine mixtures, and butasol vitamin
and ivermectin were injected to treat
Trichopheton verrcosum
disease. A mixture of
adnachloriskiy and levamikol ointment was applied to the outer surface twice a day. The disease
was cured in 10 days and productivity increased.
CONCLUSION
The reason why the fungus Trichophytia is more common during these months is that there is a
lot of rainfall during these seasons. As a result, the cattle stay in the barns during the day. Due to
high humidity in the barns, the bottom of the cattle is filled with manure, the barns are not
ventilated in time, pits and dust appear between the hairs of the cattle, the cattle are strongly
disturbed and lick their outer bodies. After that, due to friction on the walls and bowls, the hair
ISSN: 2249-7137 Vol. 11, Issue 9, September 2021 Impact Factor: SJIF 2021 = 7.492
ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal
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ACADEMICIA
falls out, causing the development of trichophytia fungus due to the ingress of dust, gung, germs
between the injured skin.
An important condition for the prevention of infectious diseases is the timely mechanical
cleaning and preventive disinfection of inspectors assigned by the Committee for Veterinary and
Livestock Development of the population and breeding farms of Samarkand region.
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1.
Nurmatov UV Tulyaganov AR VIII All-Russian Congress of Dermatovenereology:
Scientific Theses. Part 1 // Dermatology.- M, 2001. R. 154-155.
2.
Karaboev D.K. To the question of epizootology of ovine paramphistamatosis in the Guryev
region Kaz. SSR. In KN: K materials scientific. Proceedings of the Conference on the
Problem of Helmentology, Dedicated to the 85th Anniversary of Akhod. K.I. Scrub.
Samarkand - Tailak: 1963, p - 47.
3.
Stepanova Zh.V. Қўziқor
in kasalliklari. Diagnostics, zamonaviy davolash usullari
prevention. M: Kron-Press, 1996 y.-164b.
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Salimov HS, Kambarov AA "Epizootology" Textbook., P. 2016, pp. 86, 96
5.
V.Z.Bazaev, O.V. Dashevskaya, A.A. Fidarov, M.S. Tsaruyeva. A.V. Fidarov.
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Methodical manual of trichomycosis (microsporia, trichophytosis, favus). Vladikavkaz;
2007.
