Том 4 № 12 (2025)

Туркистон ҳалқларининг тарихида шундай сиймолар борки, улар ўз замонида кўрсатган ҳизматлари билан эл хотирасида нақшланиб қолганлар. Тарихда ўчмас из қолдирган мана шундай сиймолардан бири Муҳаммад Ёқуббек Бадавлат(1820-1877)дир. Ўзбек давлатчилигида ўз ўрнига эга бўлган Қўқон хонлиги (1709 – 1876) даврида ҳам фидоий инсонлар юрт ободлиги, тинчлиги, осойишталиги ва равнақи учун кураш олиб борганлар. Ана шундай инсонлардан бири бўлган Муҳаммад Ёқуббек Марказий Осиё давлатлари ва Хитой Халқ Республикаси (асосан Шарқий Туркистон) ҳудудида катта ҳарбий ташкилотчилик ишларини олиб борган саркарда ва давлат арбоби сифатида машҳур бўлган.

Биогенные элементы являются основой жизнедеятельности человека, поскольку они участвуют в важных физиологических процессах и составляют основу структуры клеток и тканей. В организме человека присутствуют как макроэлементы (кислород, углерод, водород, азот, кальций, фосфор и др.), так и микроэлементы (железо, йод, цинк, медь и другие), каждый из которых выполняет свои функции, обеспечивая нормальное функционирование организма. Эти элементы участвуют в энергетическом обмене, поддержании водно-электролитного баланса, синтезе белков и нуклеиновых кислот, а также в поддержке иммунной системы. Недостаток или избыток биогенных элементов может привести к различным заболеваниям. Статья освещает значение биогенных элементов в организме человека, их роль в обменных процессах, а также возможные последствия их дефицита или избытка.

Tolepbergen Qayipbergenov, a prominent Karakalpak writer, is known for his profound portrayal of human nature through the depiction of both positive and negative characters in his novels. His protagonists embody values such as resilience, integrity, and cultural preservation, serving as moral compasses within the narratives. Conversely, his antagonists represent greed, betrayal, and moral decline, highlighting the consequences of unethical behavior. Through the interplay of these characters, Qayipbergenov explores themes of justice, identity, and social cohesion, offering a deeper understanding of Karakalpak history and culture. This study analyzes the roles, development, and thematic significance of positive and negative characters in Qayipbergenov’s literary works, emphasizing their contribution to the moral and cultural messages conveyed in his novels.

The influence of advertising on society’s culture necessitates its thorough evaluation. Nowadays, creating effective advertising involves specialists from various fields such as psychology, sociology, marketing, and linguistics. At the same time, governments establish laws that regulate the content, structure, and display of advertisements while also monitoring the quality of products or services. For example, in the United States, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the Children's Advertising Practice Code impose strict requirements on advertisements targeted at children [AANA, n.d.].

Bugungi kunda o‘zbek adabiyotining ingliz tiliga tarjima qilinishi global madaniy almashinuv jarayonida muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Xalqaro kitob yarmarkalari, onlayn nashriyotlar va elektron kutubxonalar orqali o‘zbek adabiyoti jahon o‘quvchilari e’tiboriga havola etilmoqda. Kelajakda bu yo‘nalishda yanada ko‘proq ilmiy va amaliy ishlar amalga oshirilishi kutilmoqda.

Intellektual va shaxsiy o'sishning eng yuqori nuqtasi yosh sportchining o'zini o'zi tarbiyalashni va o'zini rivojlantirishni o'rganadigan paytidir. O'z-o'zini tarbiyalash deganda shaxsning o'z ustida ongli, tizimli ishlashi, shaxsiy ehtiyojlar va o'rnatilgan ideallarga muvofiq ijobiy fazilatlarni maqsadli shakllantirish va takomillashtirish va salbiy fazilatlarni yo'q qilish tushuniladi.

Altruistic competence is an essential attribute in the development of a socially responsible and empathetic individual. It encompasses a range of skills and attitudes that encourage selflessness, compassion, and social responsibility. The formation of altruistic competence is a key aspect of the educational process in general educational institutions, where students can be guided to develop moral and ethical values through structured teaching methodologies. This article explores various approaches to fostering altruistic competence among students, including ethical education, social projects, collaborative learning, and parental involvement. The study aims to highlight the significance of integrating altruistic values into the educational system to cultivate socially responsible citizens.[3]

Ushbu maqolada Python dasturlash tilida fayllar bilan ishlash, fayllarning turlari, ularni yaratish va saqlash, matnli fayllar va ular ustida ishlash atroflicha yoritib o‘tilgan, hamda python dasturlash tilida fayllar bilan ishlashning afzalliklari va kamchiliklari, matn va binar fayllar haqida fikr yuritilgan.

Til va nutq bir-biriga bog‘liq hodisalardir. Til nutq uchun moddiy material, bu material asosida nutq tashkil topadi. Tildagi hamma narsa til jamoasi uchun umumiy bo‘ladi. Tilda ruhiy va moddiy material mavjud bo‘lib, so’zning kishilar xotirasidagi obrazli ruhiy material, nutq yaratilish jarayonida qo‘llaniladigan so‘z shakllari, morfemalar, tovushlar moddiy material hisoblanadi. Tilning ruhiy hodisa ekanligi uning ongda saqlanishi bo‘lsa, moddiy hodisaligi  undagi til vositalari orqali belgilanadi.

This article analyzes Ibn Khaldun's contribution to social philosophy. It is shown that the historical, economic and political principles put forward in his work have influenced today's social sciences. In particular, how the concept of "asabiyya" and the social cycle theory influenced the development of social structure and state administration are studied. It is emphasized that Ibn Khaldun's methodological approach includes both empirical and theoretical analysis, and his ideas are relevant for today's modern science.

Zamonaviy tibbiyotda texnologik innovatsiyalar va klinik bilimlarning uyg‘unlashuvi muhim ahamiyat kasb etmoqda. Shu sababli, tibbiyot talabalari nafaqat klinik ko‘nikmalarga, balki yuqori darajadagi texnik tafakkurga ham ega bo‘lishlari zarur. Ushbu maqolada tibbiy-texnik tafakkurning hozirgi holati, mavjud muammolar va uni rivojlantirish strategiyalari tahlil qilinadi. Tibbiy ta’limda innovatsion pedagogik yondashuvlar, simulyatsion o‘quv texnologiyalari, fanlararo integratsiya va ilmiy tadqiqotlarga jalb qilish kabi omillarning ahamiyati yoritiladi.

This article analyzes the significance of folklore in correcting children's speech. Folklore, as a part of oral folk art, plays a crucial role in the development of children's speech. The article examines the role of various forms of folklore - fairy tales, songs, proverbs, riddles, and folk poetry - in enriching children's speech, improving pronunciation, expanding vocabulary, and developing logical thinking. It also emphasizes that folklore has a positive impact on children's psychology and the emotional aspects of their speech. The article demonstrates that folklore is an important tool for the correct and qualitative development of children's speech from both pedagogical and linguistic perspectives.

Ушбу мақолада сақлашга мос бўлган олма навларинининг агробиологик хусусиятларини ўрганиш бўйича тадқиқотлар натижалари баён этилган. Бунда, тажрибалар учун танлаб олинган олма навларининг асосий кўрсаткичлари таҳлил қилинган. Тадқиот натижасида илмий асосланган хулосалар ҳосил қилинган.

In this paper, the effectiveness of the Duolingo app is explored in learning different languages. With the increasing number of language learning apps that are popular tools for self-directed study, it is necessary to pick the most beneficial application. This study offers a more motivational program with everyday notifications and gamification elements, such as rewards, and progress tracking. Additionally, the study highlights the popularity among diverse age groups with the app’s accessibility and user-friendly interface. However, limitations were identified, particularly regarding the lack of conversational practice and the absence of some languages in use, such as the Uzbek language.  The thesis concludes by discussing other implications and recommendations according to both sides.

Low academic performance in primary schools is a serious problem that requires a comprehensive approach. Individualization of learning is one of the key factors for successful work with such students. This article discusses the basic principles, methods, and techniques for individualizing the education of low-achieving elementary school students.

Токсикоз при беременности – это патологическое состояние, возникающее в ранние сроки гестации и сопровождающееся рядом неприятных симптомов, таких как тошнота, рвота, слабость и нарушения обмена веществ. Несмотря на частоту встречаемости, этиологические механизмы токсикоза до конца не изучены. Исследование причин возникновения токсикоза имеет большое значение для разработки эффективных методов профилактики и лечения (Иванова, 2020).

Ushbu asarda Mirza Salimbekning "Tarixi Salimiy" va "Tavorixi muttaqadimin va muttaxirin"asarlarida keltirilgan Amir Temur va temuriylar davri haqidagi ma’lumotlar tahlil qilinadi. Asarda Amir Temurning kelib chiqishi, yoshligi, harbiy yurishlari va davlat boshqaruvi haqidagi muhim tarixiy ma’lumotlar o‘rin olgan. Temuriy hukdorlarning faoliyati qisqacha yoritilgan. Ushbu tadqiqot Mirza Salimbekning tarixiy voqealarga bo‘lgan yondashuvi va ularning ishonchliligini baholashga qaratilgan.

Представлен обзор современной литературы, посвященной вопросам консервативного и хирургического лечения острой кишечной непроходимости (ОКН). Опубликованы данные об эффективности и безопасности введения водорастворимых контрастных веществ, которое коррелирует со значительным снижением потребности в хирургическом вмешательстве у пациентов со спаечной тонкокишечной непроходимостью, а также со значительным сокращением сроков разрешения ОКН и продолжительности пребывания в стационаре.

Mazkur maqolada o‘zbek adabiyotining ulug‘ namoyandasi Cho‘lponning hayoti va ijodi yoritiladi. Uning bolalik yillari, ilmga va adabiyotga bo‘lgan qiziqishi, shoir sifatidagi shakllanishi hamda mustamlaka zulmiga qarshi kurash yo‘lidagi faoliyati tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, Cho‘lponning she’riyat, dramaturgiya va tarjimachilik sohasidagi hissasi, uning qatag‘on davridagi fojiali taqdiri va mustaqillikdan so‘ng adabiyotimizga qaytishi haqida batafsil ma’lumot beriladi. Maqola Cho‘lpon merosining bugungi avlod uchun ahamiyatini ko‘rsatishga qaratilgan. 

This article examines the development of students' speech through adherence to four key principles: coherence, perspective, diversity, and alignment with a common goal. Speech is not only a medium for expressing thoughts but also plays a crucial role in their formation, serving as the psychological foundation for thinking. Effective speech development is achieved through mental activities such as preparation, material refinement, topic selection, logical operations, and organization. The successful development of thinking occurs when concepts are formed and expressed verbally using linguistic materials. Incorporating various didactic games in children's speech development facilitates rapid assimilation of knowledge, as these games align with children's natural need for activity. Games like "Divide into Syllables," "Which Letter," "Silence," and "What is Knocking" enhance children's memory, auditory skills, and attention. Properly organized didactic games foster observation, comparison, analysis, generalization, and clarification abilities, thereby promoting conscious actions and enriching vocabulary and speech. Consequently, didactic games hold significant importance in strengthening memory, attention, and normal speech development in children.

Havo ifloslanishi va atrof-muhitga zararli ta’sirlarning oldini olish bugungi kunda eng dolzarb muammolardan biri hisoblanadi. Sanoat ishlab chiqarish jarayonlari, energiya manbalaridan foydalanish, transport vositalari hamda turli xil energetik qurilmalar tufayli atmosfera havosiga chiqariladigan chang va zararli aralashmalar miqdori ortib bormoqda. Mazkur muammoni hal etish uchun havo tozalagich qurilmalarini takomillashtirish, ayniqsa, yuqori samaradorlikka ega bo‘lgan va energiya sarfini kamaytiradigan yangi texnologik yechimlar izlash bugungi kundagi ilmiy izlanishlar hamda amaliy tadqiqotlarning ustuvor yo‘nalishlaridan biridir.

This thesis investigates the motivational techniques employed by English as a Second Language (ESL) teachers and assesses their impact on student engagement and ultimately, on learning outcomes. It explores the multiple factors that influence ESL student motivation, encompassing both intrinsic elements such as a genuine interest in language learning and extrinsic motivators like the desire for good grades. Cultural considerations and the nature of the teacher-student relationship are also examined as key influences.

Ushbu maqolada bolalarning aqliy qobiliyatlarini rivojlantirishda o‘yinlarning ahamiyati yoritiladi. Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky, Howard Gardner va David Elkind kabi olimlarning ilmiy ishlari asosida bolalar tafakkuri va intellektual rivojlanishi jarayonida o‘yinlarning tutgan o‘rni tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotlar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, o‘yinlar bolalarning mantiqiy fikrlashi, xotirasi, ijtimoiy ko‘nikmalari va ijodiy tafakkurini rivojlantirishda muhim vosita hisoblanadi. Shu bilan birga, o‘yinlar bolalarning o‘ziga bo‘lgan ishonchini oshirish, stressni kamaytirish, mustaqil qaror qabul qilish va muammolarni hal qilish qobiliyatini shakllantirishga yordam beradi.

This article presents an opinion on the specifics of the military pedagogical process based on an analysis of the views of scholars working in different eras and countries on the organization of the military pedagogical process.

Contemporary education systems increasingly rely on digital formats to make teaching, knowledge reinforcement, assessment, and professional development more efficient. In this setting, the software products being developed (platforms, web applications, mobile apps, online testing systems, etc.) can radically transform the teaching process. However, merely creating a piece of software is insufficient to achieve genuine impact – it also needs to be sensibly integrated into the learning environment and implemented in accordance with sound didactic methodology. Equally relevant are questions about how commonly used tools such as Learning Management Systems (LMS) or online testing platforms work in practice and what technical and methodological requirements they must meet.

Мақолада корхоналар бошқарув стратегияларининг турлари таҳлил қилинган бўлиб, улар бизнес, функционал ва корпоратив гуруҳларга бўлинган. Тўғри стратегик қарорлар қабул қилиш ва бошқарув амалиётларини яхшилаш орқали корхоналар ўз иқтисодий самарадорлигини оширишга эришиши мумкин.

ushbu maqolada maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalar nutqini o‘stirishda badiiy adabiyotning ahamiyati tahlil qilingan. Muallif hikoyalar, ertaklar, she’rlar orqali bolalar nutq madaniyati, balki hissiy idrok, tasavvur va ijodiy tafakkur hamda lug‘at boyligini kengaytirish, so‘zlarni to‘g‘ri talaffuz qilish, fikrlarni izchil va mantqiy ifodalash ko‘nikmalarini shakllantirishning ahamiyatini tushuntiradi. Maqolada maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalarning nutqini o‘stirishda badiiy adabiyotning tutgan o‘rni, ahamiyati har tomonla tahlil qilinib, bolalarning shaxsiy rivojlanishiga va ijtimoiy moslashuvchanligini oshirish bo‘yicha amaliy tavsiyalar berilgan. Shuningdek, uy sharoitida va maktabgacha ta’lim tashkilotlarida ota-onalar va tarbiyachilarning badiy adabiyotdan samarali metodik yondashuvlardan foydalanish zarurligi hamda sahnalashtirish orqali nutq faoliyatining faollashuvi muhimligi ta’kidlanadi.

Maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalar uchun o‘yin – asosiy faoliyat turi bo‘lib, u bolaning dunyoqarashini kengaytirish, bilish qobiliyatlarini rivojlantirish va ijtimoiylashuv jarayonida muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Didaktik o‘yinlar esa bolalarni o‘qitish va tarbiyalash jarayonida samarali vosita sifatida qo‘llaniladi. Ushbu maqolada didaktik o‘yinlarning mohiyati, ularning turlari va maktabgacha ta’lim tashkilotlarida qo‘llashning ahamiyati yoritiladi. 

Ushbu maqolada internetdan foydalanish huquqiga ta’sir qiluvchi texnik bo‘lmagan omillar tahlil qilinadi. Siyosiy, huquqiy, ijtimoiy, madaniy va iqtisodiy omillar internetga kirish imkoniyatiga qanday ta’sir ko‘rsatishi yoritiladi. Internetdan foydalanishning global va mahalliy darajadagi cheklovlari, raqamli tengsizlik muammolari va ularni bartaraf etish yo‘llari muhokama qilinadi. Maqola raqamli inklyuziyani ta’minlash uchun zarur bo‘lgan strategiyalarni ko‘rsatib beradi.

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly influenced various fields, including education. AI-based educational software plays a crucial role in enhancing the learning process by providing personalized learning experiences, automating administrative tasks, and offering intelligent tutoring systems. This article explores the importance of AI-driven educational tools in modern learning environments, discussing their advantages, challenges, and future prospects. Moreover, different types of AI-based software and their practical applications in education are analyzed.

The article examines the impact of digitalization on the modern understanding of paradigm and semantics in the context of the development of information technologies and their integration into various spheres of human activity. It analyzes how digital tools and platforms change traditional approaches to knowledge and meanings, forming new models of communication and presentation of information. The study addresses the issues of adaptation of scientific and cultural paradigms in the context of a rapidly changing digital landscape. In addition, the prospects arising from these changes and their impact on educational systems, business processes and social interactions are considered.

 Ushbu maqolada masofaviy bank xizmatlarining rivojlanishi va ularni takomillashtirish yo‘llari haqida fikr yuritiladi. Bank tizimining raqamli transformatsiyasi, mijozlarga taqdim etilayotgan imkoniyatlar va dolzarb muammolar atroflicha tahlil qilingan. Shu bilan birga, xalqaro tajribalar o‘rganilib, ularni mahalliy sharoitga moslashtirish bo‘yicha tavsiyalar berilgan.

The article analyzes the life and activities of labor soldiers mobilized from Central Asia to construction and industrial enterprises in the Urals during World War II. Their social and living conditions, food supply, dormitory and housing problems are described. Labor conditions and social relations towards workers in the Chelyabinsk and Chkalov regions are analyzed.

Ўзбекистон Республикаси Президенти Шавкат Мирзиёевнинг 2020-йил 24-январда Олий Мажлисга қилган Мурожаатномасида “Ислоҳотларимизга жиддий тўсқинлик қилаётган “яширин иқтисодиёт”га барҳам берилмас экан,  соғлом рақобат ҳам, қулай инвестиция муҳити ҳам шаклланмайди. Вазирлар Маҳкамаси икки ой муддатда, хорижий мутахассисларни жалб этган ҳолда, “яширин иқтисодиёт”нинг вужудга келиш омилларини чуқур таҳлил қилиб, унга қарши курашиш дастурини тасдиқласин” ,-деб таъкидлаши хуфёна иқтисодиёт нафақат тадбиркорлик соҳасида, мамлакатимизга кириб келаётган инвестицияга, соғлом рақобатга жиддий хавф солаётгангини кўришимиз мумкин.

Понятие «Родина» занимает центральное место в формировании личности студента, его гражданского самосознания и мировоззрения. Уроки русского языка предоставляют широкие возможности для развития у студентов осознанного восприятия Родины через изучение языка, литературы, истории и культуры. В данной статье рассматриваются методы и приёмы, позволяющие преподавателям формировать у студентов глубокое понимание своей страны, используя как традиционные, так и инновационные методики. В частности, анализируются ролевые игры, работа с художественными и публицистическими текстами, проектные задания, мультимедийные технологии и их влияние на воспитание национального самосознания. Особое внимание уделяется эмоциональному восприятию Родины через образы природы, истории, традиций и личного опыта.

This article examines the problem of gender inequality in the works of Charlotte Brontë, especially in the novel "Jane Eyre". The author emphasizes that Brontë experienced a sense of dualism, which was reflected in her views on women's destiny and the struggle for independence. The opposing views of researchers on the role of women in her works are also analyzed, including the ideas of women's emancipation and subordination to patriarchal society.

Ushbu maqolada XIX-XXI asr boshlarida Fargʻona yogʻoch oʻymakorligi san’ati o‘zining o‘ziga xos badiiy xususiyatlari bilan ajralib turadi. Ushbu davrda yogʻochdan yasalgan buyumlar, asosan, amaliy san’at va estetikaga asoslangan bo‘lib, ularning bezaklari Farg‘ona vodiysining milliy an'analari, folklori va madaniy qadriyatlari bilan chambarchas bog‘liqdir. Farg‘ona yog‘och oʻymakorligi, nafaqat diniy va maishiy buyumlarni, balki ijtimoiy va badiiy qiymatga ega san'at asarlarini ham yaratgan. Bu davrda ishlatilgan naqshlar va bezaklar an'anaviy sharqona uslublarga asoslanib, tabiiy shakllar, simmetriya, geometrik va organik elementlar bilan boyitilgan. Yogʻoch oʻymakorligining badiiy xususiyatlari, o‘sha davrning madaniy va ijtimoiy hayotini aks ettirish bilan birga, nafaqat Farg‘ona, balki butun O‘zbekistonning o‘ymakorlik san’atining rivojiga sezilarli ta'sir koʻrsatgan.shu haqda soz’ yuritilgan.

В статье представлен сопоставительный анализ метонимии как когнитивного механизма в русском и узбекском языках. Выявлены универсальные и национально-специфические модели метонимических переносов, определены когнитивные функции метонимии в концептуализации действительности. На материале лексикографических источников и художественных текстов установлена национально-культурная специфика метонимических переносов, обусловленная различиями в концептуализации действительности, характерными для русской и узбекской лингвокультур. Результаты исследования подтверждают положение о том, что метонимия является важным средством концептуализации действительности, отражающим как универсальные когнитивные механизмы, так и национально-культурную специфику языкового сознания.

This article provides information on the demand for vitamins and their fulfillment in lactating women living in rural areas of the Kashkadarya region. The results obtained show that the provision of vitamins in lactating women aged 18-29 years in this region is 56.7 ± 3.0 mg (vitamin C), 1.3 ± 0.3 mg (vitamin A), 18.8 ± 0.8 mg (vitamin E), 2 ± 0.2 mcg (vitamin D), 2.1 ± 0.4 mg (vitamin B1), 1.4 ± 0.1 mg (vitamin B2), 2.2 ± 0.2 mg (vitamin B6), 14.9 ± 0.7 mg (vitamin PP), and 2.1 ± 0.2 mcg (vitamin B12).

Ushbu ilmiy tezis bank sektorida moliyaviy innovatsiyalarning ahamiyati, ularning joriy etilishi va takomillashtirish yo‘llarini tahlil qiladi. So‘nggi yillarda raqamli texnologiyalar bank xizmatlarini transformatsiya qilmoqda va mijozlarga yanada qulay hamda tezkor xizmatlar ko‘rsatish imkonini bermoqda. Tadqiqot davomida raqamli bank xizmatlari, blokcheyn texnologiyasi, sun’iy intellekt va fintex kompaniyalari bilan integratsiya kabi innovatsion yo‘nalishlar ko‘rib chiqilgan.