Том 4 № 21 (2025)

Статья посвящена анализу художественной культуры России XVIII века, периоду значительных преобразований, обусловленных петровскими реформами и последующим активным взаимодействием с европейской культурой. Рассматриваются основные тенденции, характеризующие развитие архитектуры, живописи и скульптуры, а также процесс секуляризации искусства и формирование русской художественной школы.

Мазкур мақолада нотўлиқ оилаларда ўсган болаларда шахсий масъулият ва эмпатия ҳиссини шакллантириш масаласи ижтимоий-педагогик нуқтаи назардан таҳлил қилинган. Ота ёки онасиз муҳитда вояга етаётган болаларда руҳий ҳимоясизлик, ҳиссий номувозанатлик ва ижтимоий муносабатлардаги муаммолар кузатилиши таъкидланган. Шунингдек, мактаб, маҳалла, оммавий ахборот воситалари, болалар марказлари ва нодавлат ташкилотларнинг тарбиявий ролини кучайтириш орқали бундай болаларда шахсий камолотни таъминлаш механизмлари таклиф этилган. Хорижий тажрибаларга асосланиб, миллий шароитга мос амалий ечимлар баён этилган.

Ushbu maqolada tazyiq va zo„ravonlikka uchragan ayollarni qo`llab-quvvatlash, ularning huquq va manfaatlarini himoya qilish, ijtimoiy reablitatsiyani amalga oshirish bo„yicha tahlillar amalga oshirilgan.

Abelmoschus (Abelmoschus esculentus) or “lady’s finger” belongs to the Malvaceae family and is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical climates. Its historical origin and various names show how significant it is in different parts of the world. Each culture has given it different names based on its expertise: in India, it is called bhindi, in the USA, it is known as gumbo, in the UK, it is referred to as lady’s finger, and in Africa, it is called abelmoschus. This vegetable is not only used in cooking but also in the textile, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries.

В статье рассматриваются современные взгляды молодежи на семейную жизнь. Особое внимание уделено изменению представлений о браке, роли супругов, родительстве и семейных отношениях в условиях глобализации и цифровизации общества. Молодое поколение проявляет прагматизм в вопросах вступления в брак, акцентируя внимание на эмоциональной совместимости и равенстве партнеров. В статье анализируются также тенденции, такие как позднее вступление в брак, выбор детей или отказ от них, влияние социальных сетей и медиа на восприятие семьи.

Ўзбекистон Республикаси Жиноят-процессуал кодексининг асосий вазифаларидан бири жиноятларни очиш  ҳисобланади.  Жиноятларни очиш жиноят процессуал кодексида белгиланган тартиб асосида ваколатли давлат органларининг мансабдор шахслари томонидан амалга амалга оширилади. Шу билан бирга Ўзбекистон Республикаси Тезкор-қидирув фаолияти тўғрисидаги Қонуннинг вазифаларидан бири жиноятларнинг аниқлаш ва фош этиш  ҳисобланади. Демак жиноятларни очишнинг ҳуқуқий асосларини Ўзбекистон Республикаси Жиноят-процессуал қонуни ва Тезкор-қидирув фаолияти тўғрисидаги Қонунлари ташкил қилади.

Жиноят процессида далилларни текшириш муҳим аҳамиятга эга.  Жиноят иш бўйича тўпланган ҳар бир далилнинг синчковлик билан, тўла, ҳар томонлама ва холисона текширилиши шарт. Далилларни текшириш орқали ҳақиқатни аниқлаш амалга оширилади. Далилларни текшириш тушунчасини таҳлил қилар эканмиз, албатта ушбу таҳлилни мазкур тушунчанинг луғавий маъносидан бошлаш муҳимдир.

В статье рассматриваются современные каталитические методы, применяемые в переработке нефти, такие как гидрокрекинг, каталитический риформинг и десульфурирование. Особое внимание уделено их роли в повышении эффективности процессов, улучшении качества нефтепродуктов и снижении негативного воздействия на окружающую среду. Подчеркиваются преимущества внедрения новых катализаторов и технологий, а также обозначаются перспективы развития отрасли в условиях современных экологических и экономических требований.

Ushbu maqola Oʻzbek adabiyotining yorqin hikoyalaridan biri “Dasht-u dalalarda “hikoyasidagi qatnashgan shevaga xos soʻzlar tahliliga bagʻishlangan. Bu maqolada sheva hamda dialektologiya haqida ham ma’lumot berilgan. Hikoyadagi soʻz va iboralarni tahlil qilish jarayonida uning adabiy tildagi izohini ham berib oʻtganmiz.

this article evaluates the concept of “human value” based on a philosophical and social approach. The author tries to shed light on human value not only from a legal or political point of view, but also from a moral, spiritual and ontological point of view. It also extensively analyzes the fact that the New Uzbekistan Development Strategy places human values ​​at the center, and that a democratic society is being built on the basis of the constitutional rights, freedoms and principles of social equality of citizens. It reveals how human values ​​are manifested through the development of the mahalla institution, social protection and citizenship reforms. The article analyzes the views of philosophers such as Socrates, Kant, and Al-Farabi on the essence of man, in harmony with modern reforms.

The reliability of operation of gas transportation systems (GTS), of which gas preparation units for transportation (UPGT) are an integral part, puts forward certain requirements for the quality of the transported gas. The main ones are the dew point for moisture and hydrocarbons.

This article explores the interplay between irony and the linguistic worldview in English. It investigates how irony, as a pragmatic and stylistic device, shapes and reflects cultural and cognitive perceptions encoded in language. Through discourse analysis and cross-cultural comparison, the study reveals how ironic expressions in English serve as a tool for worldview construction, enabling speakers to express social critique, ambiguity, and layered meanings. The findings underscore irony’s crucial role in conceptualizing values, power relations, and shared norms within English-speaking societies.

Berilganlarni markazlashgan tarzda boshqarish tizimlari ma’lumotlarni boshqarishning samarali va xavfsiz usuli bo‘lib, ko‘plab sohalarda qo‘llaniladi. Ushbu maqolada markazlashgan boshqarish tizimlarining asosiy prinsiplari, ularning afzalliklari va kamchiliklari tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, bunday tizimlarning amaliyotda qo‘llanishi, korxonalarda va davlat tashkilotlarida qanday ishlashini ko‘rib chiqiladi. Markazlashgan boshqarish tizimlarining rivojlanishi va kelajagi haqida ham fikr yuritiladi. Maqola orqali markazlashgan boshqarish tizimlarining samaradorligini va xavfsizligini oshirishda qanday yondoshuvlar mavjudligini ko‘rsatib o‘tiladi.

Ushbu maqolada “Berilganlarni markazlashgan tarzda boshqarish prinsiplari” mavzusi tahlil qilinadi. Raqamli transformatsiya jarayonida ma’lumotlarni markazlashgan boshqaruv modeli tashkilotlarning samarali ishlashini ta’minlashda muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Ma’lumotlar modeli, foydalanuvchi rollari, xavfsizlik va izchillik tamoyillari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Texnologik yechimlar sifatida server infratuzilmasi, MBBTlar va data-warehouse texnologiyalari tahlil qilinadi. Ta’lim tizimi misolida markazlashgan boshqaruvning amaliy qo‘llanilishi va kelajakdagi texnologiyalar — sun’iy intellekt, bulut, IoT va blockchain — integratsiyasi ahamiyati ko‘rsatiladi.

Maqolada berilganlar bazasida axborot almashinuvi sxemalarining tuzilishi, texnologik asoslari va ularning tizimlararo integratsiyadagi ahamiyati yoritiladi. API, ETL va Message Queue kabi zamonaviy vositalar yordamida ma’lumot uzatishning samaradorligi va xavfsizligi tahlil qilinadi. Axborot almashinuvi orqali tizimlar o‘rtasida uzluksiz va ishonchli muloqotni ta’minlash imkoniyatlari ko‘rib chiqiladi.

Ushbu maqolada Berilganlar bazasini boshqarish tizimlari (BBBT) ning ma’lumot turlari, ularning qo‘llanilish sohalari hamda ta’lim jarayoniga innovatsion yondashuvlar orqali qanday ta’sir ko‘rsatishi tahlil qilinadi. BBBT bugungi kunda nafaqat ta’lim sohasida, balki biznes, sog‘liqni saqlash, moliya va boshqa ko‘plab sohalarda muqarrar zaruratga aylangan tizimlardan biridir. Ayniqsa, raqamli transformatsiya davrida bunday tizimlar axborotni tizimli boshqarish va samarali qarorlar qabul qilishda muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Maqolada, shuningdek, BBBT xizmatlarining amaliyotdagi real qo‘llanilishi misollar asosida ko‘rsatilib, ularning kelajakdagi rivojlanish istiqbollari va zamonaviy texnologiyalar bilan integratsiyasi ham yoritib o‘tiladi. Ushbu tahlillar orqali BBBT nafaqat ma’lumotlarni saqlash vositasi, balki innovatsion rivojlanishning asosiy omillaridan biri ekanligi isbotlab beriladi.

В статье рассматриваются вопросы развитие коммуникативной компетентности у младших школьников на основе инновационного подхода.

Ushbu maqolada Berilganlar bazasi administratori (DBA) ning tizimlar va ma’lumotlar xavfsizligini ta’minlashdagi roli tahlil qilinadi. DBAning asosiy vazifalari orasida tizimning uzluksiz ishlashini nazorat qilish, foydalanuvchi huquqlarini boshqarish, ma’lumotlarni zaxiralash va tiklash, hamda xavfsizlikni ta’minlash mavjud. Maqolada DBAning turli xil administratorlik turlari va ularning zamonaviy texnologiyalar bilan integratsiyasi ko‘rsatiladi, shuningdek, kelajakda bu sohaning rivojlanish istiqbollari yoritiladi.

In diplomatic meetings where every word counts and cultural nuances carry weight, simultaneous interpreters work silently in the background, ensuring mutual understanding among nations. This article explores the human side of simultaneous interpretation in international diplomacy by shedding light on the experiences, challenges, and personal reflections of professional interpreters. Through qualitative interviews and observational analysis, this study reveals that interpreters are not just language mediators but critical participants in fostering international cooperation.

Статья посвящена изучению народной культуры как основополагающего компонента культурного наследия Московской Руси. Автор раскрывает значение фольклора, обрядов, ремёсел и традиций в становлении духовных и художественных основ русского общества. Рассматривается взаимодействие народной и официальной культуры, их влияние на формирование общественной идентичности и национального самосознания в эпоху консолидации Московского государства.

This article analyzes the methodological foundations for developing the practical competence of future professionals as an integral part of modern engineering education. It explores the essence of the concept of practical competence, the pedagogical conditions influencing its formation, educational-methodological approaches, and the role of digital technologies. Additionally, mechanisms for integrating theory and practice in engineering education are developed based on national and international experiences. The findings of the study contribute to new approaches for organizing high-quality technical education.

В статье рассматривается многофункциональная роль математических задач в начальном образовании, выходящая за рамки простой отработки вычислительных навыков. Автор анализирует дидактический потенциал текстовых задач как универсального инструмента для развития логического мышления, аналитических способностей и практического применения знаний. Особое внимание уделяется методическим аспектам организации работы с задачами, включая различные формы учебной деятельности (фронтальную, групповую, индивидуальную) и их адаптацию в зависимости от педагогических целей. Подчеркивается значение дифференцированного подхода к выбору методов преподавания, позволяющего эффективно использовать задачи на всех этапах образовательного процесса – от введения новых понятий до совершенствования математических умений.

This paper explores the significance of financial control and internal audit services in public sector budget organizations. It identifies key challenges in the current systems and proposes actionable strategies to enhance transparency, accountability, and operational efficiency. The use of digital tools and risk-based auditing frameworks is emphasized as critical to improving governance and fiscal discipline.

Ushbu tezis zamonaviy vizualizatsiya texnologiyalari yordamida tematika xaritalarini tayyorlash metodikasini ilmiy-nazariy tomonlama o‘rganadi. Maqolada xaritalarning ta’lim va tadqiqot jarayonidagi ahamiyati, shuningdek, ularni yaratishda foydalaniladigan zamonaviy dasturiy ta’minot va usullar keltiriladi. Tematik xaritalar orqali ma’lumotlarni vizual tarzda ifodalash, murakkab ma'lumotlarni sodda va tushunarli ko‘rinishga keltirish mumkinligi alohida ta’kidlangan. Shuningdek, geografik axborot tizimlari (GAT) va 3D vizualizatsiya texnologiyalarining roli ko‘rsatilib, bu vositalar yordamida xarita shakllantirish jarayonining samaradorligi oshirilishi mumkinligi haqida fikrlar bildiriladi. O‘quv jarayonida tematik xaritalardan foydalanish orqali talabalar uchun mavzularni yanada qiziqarli va tushunarli qilish, ularning analitik fikrlash qobiliyatlarini rivojlantirish imkoniyatlari ham yoritilgan.

В статье рассматриваются психофизиологические аспекты письма как сложного когнитивного и моторного процесса. Анализируются механизмы взаимодействия психических функций и физиологических процессов, лежащих в основе формирования письменной речи. Особое внимание уделяется роли центральной нервной системы, моторного контроля, памяти и внимания в процессе овладения письмом. Также рассматриваются возрастные особенности развития навыков письма и возможные нарушения, возникающие при патологиях нейропсихологического характера. Результаты исследований подчеркивают важность комплексного подхода к изучению письма с учетом как психологических, так и нейрофизиологических факторов.

Ushbu maqola dizartrik  monologik nutqini rivojlantirish uning turli jihatlarini organishga qaratilgan bo’lib korreksion pedagogik ishlar tizimini to’g’ri tashkil etish haqida ma’lumot beradi . Maqolada korreksion pedagogik ishlar tizimini to’g’ri tashkil etish bosqichlari shuningdek zamonaviy logopedik bilim ko’nikmalarni qo’llash kabi jarayonlar haqida soz yuritiladi.

This article explores the intersection of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) with labor law and social security law. It examines how CSR principles influence and are influenced by legal frameworks protecting workers' rights and social welfare. The analysis focuses on how CSR reinforces legal compliance, promotes better working conditions, and complements national labor and social security systems, especially in transitional and developing economies. The study draws from international standards such as the ILO Conventions, the UN Global Compact, and OECD Guidelines, alongside domestic legislation from selected jurisdictions. It concludes that CSR, though voluntary in nature, plays a critical role in advancing the objectives of labor and social protection laws and suggests legal reforms to further integrate CSR into enforceable labor frameworks.

Parliamentary oversight occupies a central position in the democratic governance system. This institution ensures that people’s representatives can monitor the activities of the executive branch, which in turn guarantees the practical functioning of the separation of powers and the system of checks and balances. As our country’s leader emphasized, “strengthening parliamentary oversight mechanisms is an important condition for improving the efficiency of public administration”.

Jahon miqyosda ekologik muammolar va estetik ong o‘rtasidagi o‘zaro bog‘liqlik tobora ortib bormoqda. Zamonaviy jamiyatda ekologik ong va estetik madaniyat yosh avlodning dunyoqarashini shakllantirishda muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Ekologik inqiroz natijasida insoniyat tabiatga bo‘lgan munosabatini qayta ko‘rib chiqishga majbur bo‘lmoqda. Shu bois yoshlarning ekologik estetik ideallarni qabul qilish madaniyatini shakllantirish dolzarb masalaga aylangan. Bugungi globallashuv jarayonida ekologik tafakkur va estetik qadriyatlarning uyg‘unligi ekologik barqarorlik, madaniy merosni asrash va tabiiy muhitni go‘zallik timsoli sifatida qabul qilishni o‘rgatish bilan bevosita bog‘liq. Jahon tajribasi shuni ko‘rsatadiki, rivojlangan davlatlarda ekologik ta'lim va estetik madaniyat integratsiyasi orqali yoshlar ongida ekologik mas’uliyat hissi kuchaytirilmoqda.

В данной статье рассматриваются особенности речи детей с недоразвитием речи, связанная речь, развитие эстетического вкуса к психическому развитию детей с использованием сказкотерапии, виды сказкотерапии и их влияние на общее развитие детей.

This article explores the formation, function, and stylistic impact of compound neologisms in newspaper language. By analyzing a range of contemporary journalistic texts, the study highlights how new compound words are creatively constructed to capture public attention, reflect cultural trends, and convey complex ideas with brevity and wit. The research categorizes different types of compound neologisms based on their structural patterns and semantic innovations, examining their roles in headlines, opinion pieces, and editorials. The findings demonstrate that compound neologisms not only enrich the lexical landscape of modern journalism but also serve as powerful tools for shaping public discourse and enhancing reader engagement.

This Article Examines The Pragmalinguistic Features Of Passive Constructions In English And Uzbek, Analyzing How Each Language Utilizes Passive Voice To Reflect Social, Cultural, And Communicative Norms. While Both Languages Employ Passive Forms For Emphasis, Formality, And Subject Omission, The Frequency And Context Of Usage Differ Significantly. By Comparing Structural And Functional Aspects, The Study Highlights How Passive Constructions Are Shaped Not Only By Grammar But Also By Pragmatic Needs Such As Politeness, Indirectness, And Topicalization. The Findings Are Based On Contrastive Analysis Using Authentic Textual Sources From Media, Literature, And Formal Discourse.

The study included 266 women who were divided into 2 groups: 166 women with early miscarriage (I - group) and 100 women who did not experience miscarriage (II - control group)

Diseases associated with congenital anomalies of the airways during the neonatal and infant periods represent life-threatening conditions. These conditions not only require urgent resuscitation measures but also demand early and accurate diagnosis, as they often manifest with rare and complex clinical presentations. Congenital bronchial anomalies—such as bronchomalacia, bronchial stenosis, bronchogenic cysts, and bronchial atresia—are structural defects occurring at the bronchial level. These anomalies often lead to partial or complete obstruction of the airways due to cystic masses or dynamic collapse, hindering normal airflow.

Buyuk mutafakkir  Alisher Navoiyning  “Sittayi zaruriya” qasidasi  O’rta Osiyo , arab va eron xalqlari  she’riyatida katta o’rin tutgan .Qasida janri lirikaning rivojida muhim rol o’ynagan . Qasidago’ylik XIV –XV asrlarga kelib o’zbek shoirlari orasida keng tarqalgan edi. Sharq adabiyotida qadimgi davrlardan beri mavjud bo’lgan qasida ,ayniqsa Navoiy va uning zamondoshlari ijodida  yuqori pag’onaga ko’tarildi. Shuning uchun  bu davr  qasidago’yligi  va uning an’analarini o’rganmay turib ,O’zbek adabiyotining rivoji haqida ,ayniqsa ,Navoiy ijodi haqida tugal bir fikr aytish qiyin. Lekin  shunga qaramay ,hozirgacha o’zbek klassik adabiyotida ham bu masala  durustroq o’rganilmagan.

Good reading skills—including critical thinking, comprehension, and data analysis—are widely recognized as essential components of academic success in higher education. Numerous studies have highlighted the importance of critical reading in fostering intellectual growth and problem-solving abilities. This article explores the advantages of strong reading skills in broadening perspectives, fostering innovation, and enhancing effective communication. As higher education students are expected to develop both soft and hard skills, the role of reading proficiency cannot be overlooked. Additionally, improved reading skills contribute to better information processing, research capabilities, and lifelong learning, ultimately shaping well-rounded professionals in various fields.

Южное Приаралье является одним из наиболее уязвимых регионов Центральной Азии, где экологический кризис, связанный с усыханием Аральского моря, повлиял на флору и фауну. Изучение жуков-долгоносиков (Curculionidae), как вредителей сельского хозяйства и важных биоиндикаторов, имеет большое значение для оценки состояния экосистем региона и разработки мер по их восстановлению.

Advanced reproductive age is typically defined as the period after 35 years old when a woman becomes pregnant. In recent decades, there has been a growing trend of increasing maternal age due to social, environmental, and medical factors. According to Cleary-Goldman et al. (2005), pregnancies in women over 35 are associated with a significantly increased risk of obstetric complications such as gestational diabetes, hypertension, and chromosomal abnormalities. Furthermore, Schimmel et al. (2006) report that maternal age influences both maternal and neonatal outcomes, making age a critical factor in pregnancy management.

The problem of cervical incompetence is becoming increasingly relevant, not only from a medical and biological perspective but also due to its social and economic importance. Preterm infants account for 70% of perinatal deaths and 65-75% of infant mortality. The rates of infant mortality are 8-13 times higher in preterm births compared to term births. According to data, the frequency of cervical incompetence ranges from 0.2% to 2%, accounting for 8-9% of all preterm births. Cervical cerclage is accepted as an effective intervention for pregnancies where a history of previous pregnancy loss or extreme premature delivery indicates a risk of cervical insufficiency.

Infertility is a global public health concern that significantly affects reproductive health and creates serious social and medical issues for many couples worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), one in six couples suffers from infertility. The causes of infertility vary, one of which is disruption in folliculogenesis and ovulation processes in women. Ovulatory disorders account for approximately 30–40% of infertility cases in women. In recent years, many scientific studies have investigated the impact of antioxidants on reproductive health. For example, a study conducted by Davis et al. in 2020 demonstrated the effectiveness of antioxidant therapy in reducing oxidative stress and improving reproductive health in women.