There exist numerous resources about the history and culture of Uzbekistan in the libraries and archives of Turkey. This work is about a letter from the Ottoman archives. Documents related to the history of Uzbekistan in the Ottoman archives began to be seen especially in the middle of 16 th century and continued to increase permanently. As a result of the relations, there are many documents in the Ottoman archives. In return, it is known that a great number of documents about Turkish history and culture are saved in the libraries and archives of Uzbekistan. Scientific works on these documents should be increased and brought to the scientific world. The letter that we work on, was dated 6 April 1706 and sent by Ubeydullah Khan II of Bukhara khanate to the Ottoman Padishah Ahmet III. The letter is saved in the Ottoman Archives operating under the Presidency of the Republic of Turkey Department of State Archives. The letter gives essential information about wording, style of language, diplomatic features and historical events in that period. The reason for writing this letter was to declare the accession of Ubeydullah Khan II and to celebrate the accession of Sultan Ahmet. In addition, the work done by Ubeydullah Khan and the importance of the relations between the two countries were mentioned and good wishes were made for their development. The letter was written in old Uzbek (Turkic) language. It is an eloquent and advanced level text in which a number of Arabic and Persian words were used. One of the writing features of the period is the absence of punctuation marks. Another feature of the letter's wording and style is to include several quotations in the same sentence while expressing the idea in order to support and prove the idea. These issues make it difficult to determine the starting and ending places of the sentences as well as making it hard to understand. The quotations included to support and prove ideas and thoughts also reveal the cultural and religious features and levels of the period. The quotations in question are largely verses and hadiths from the Qur'an. This work relies on the first-hand resource and brings in some information to the scientific world about Turkish-Uzbek relations, Uzbek language, history and culture in the late 17 th and early 18 th centuries.
Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. Development of science and intensification of all branches of national economy and also introduction of new technogenic processes of production have resulted in antropogenic influence of industrial activity of man on the environment and ecological equilibrium According to the data of regional evaluation of stable toxical compounds in the countries of the European Counsel the highest concentrations of Pb, Cd and Hg in the environment have been noted in the Ukraine (Pb-31,02; Cd-54, Hg-36 ton/year).Release of heavy metals to the environment for Russia equaled Pb-50%; Cd-66%; Hg-37% and in some others countries: Pb-10%,Cd-21%,Hg-58%,.Short analysis of the situation interms of these tree toxical metals has shown the level of antropogenic throwings of heavy toxical metals(HTM).The biggest part of HTM finding with throwings released to the atmosphere thrown out on soil and in waters of the country being the-surce the release and then they accumulate in neighbouring countries .
At presente time in the Republic of Uzbekistan the level of manufacture is rapidly growing and this results in the increase of the concervation of HTM compared with global scale of some natural processes. The most dangerous for the health of population are the non-essencial elements (Hg, Cd, Pb, As) . For this reason the monitoring of pollutions of objects of environment especialy HTM has acquired special importance and actuality. Qualitative and quantitative determination of ions of HTM has acquired important and necessary demands and has pulled out before analysts and ecologists the task of elaboration of express sensitive and selective methods of determination of microquantities of these elements which are dangerous toxicants, cancerogens and mutagens.
In this regard in the process protection of objects of the environment it is important and necessary to determinetion precise concentrations of HTM by different physical, chemical and physico-chemicals methods. For the practical realization of this problem at chemical analysis it is necessary to improve perfection existing methods analysis and elaborationof new modern methods ecotoxicants monitoring (espessially HTM). In the aspect of realization of theoretical prerequisites and practical confirmation of analytical determination of ecotoxicants concentrations it is necessary to elaborate some new hybrid methods with immobilization of different complexe-forming reagents on polymeric bearers and matrixes differing by high meteological and operation parameters.
Existing actual problems can be solved by introducing to the analytical practices of the methods of HTM determination of some new selective and specific organic reagents.The most perspective way of their solution is the purposeful synthesis and immobilization of new organic reagents with some definite analytical characteristics with following forecast of their properties with the aim of the optimal solving of the given tasks.
Elaboration of methods and approaches of prognosis as method of further development of sorbtion-spectroscopical method of analysis is an actual problem .In this range of theoretical and applied analytical chemistry there are considerable achivments bonding with investigations of home and forcing investigators ,but row of questions of problematical character has demanded of deep investigation and knowledges of new approaches and methods of their decision.
It is known that theory of action of OR is characterized as “system of ideas” allow ing to construct of some analytical system to find optimal by nature reagent and medium in which analytical reaction will carried out .In decision of some taskes of development of theory of OR action the fallowing stages neussarg to take into acconnl:”esplantion of observe processes and phenoments:prediction and direction works by synthesis of reagents with given properties .’’Thus the elaborated methodology and predication of properties of immobilized analytical reagents can be consider as definite seintific contribution in development of theory of action of IMOR for their using in analytical chemistry and ecology.
Purpose of research is elaboration of express, high-sensitive sorbtion-spectroscopical methods and test-systems of HTM determination with using of IMOR. Elaboration on the base of these methods some general approach to prognosis of properties and construction of specifical analytical grouos in organic reagents immobilized on different types of bearers synthesis of new organic reagents with given up properties on the base of our theretical prognosisesand introduction of them in practice of analysis of different analytical and ecological laboratories.
To achieve this goal the following tasks of research is solved: -optimization of immobilization conditions of organic reagents with preservation of their analytical properties; determination of mechanism of coloured reactious of complex-formation of immobilized organic reagents with ions of HTM;
-determination of connection between structure of OR and their analytical characteristics; prognosis of some perspective ways of their modification and directed synthesis of new specifical reagents on the base of nitronaphtols;
-analytical groups (EAG): (6-methyl-pyridil-2-azo-aminophenol; l-(5-methyl -2-pyridilfzo )-5-diethglaminophenol ;l-(4-antipyridilazo) -2-napthol sulphoacid; 1-(2-pyridilazo)-2-oxynaphtalin-6-sulphoacid sodlium; 3-hydroxy-4-nitrozo-2-naphtoic acid;2-hydroxiy -3-nitrozo naphtaldehyde and others);
-determination of influence of different factors and parameters on value of the analytical signal ;wing of elaborated methods in analysis of different by nature model binary ,triple and more complex mixtabiological objects industrial materials
-comparison of obtained results with results obtained by existing methods of determination of the investisated metals in solution.
Scientific novelty of disscrtational research consists in the following:
-Immobilization of different by nature reagents for prognosis and prediction of optimal construction of some OR based on quantum-chemical value of changing of analytical characteristics in dependence on structure of the functional and analytical-active groups has been theoretically based and practically has been realized;
-Chemico-analytical properties of OR immobilized on bearers on the base of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polypropylene (PP) for apriory prediction of structure of different OR and elaboration on their base an optical chemical sensors on the base PAN and PP-matrixes having some necessary analytical parameters;
Conclusion
1. Litrature date about using fiber sorbents and ion-exchanging on their base for determination of HTM cations at analysis objects of environment have been summarized. Advantages of using of fiber sorbents in comparison with their using as granule and powder have been shown. Necessarily of search of new immobilized reagents for determination metals in different objects was ground.
2. New scientific trend in analytical chemistry based on the sorbtion-spectroscopical determination of HTM in different objects of enviroment with using immobilized on fiber material organical reagents of different nature with aim of improvment of metrological parameters, exploitational and analytical parameters was developed.
3. Pysico-chemical and analytical properties of immobilized reagents on the base of reagents Arsenaza and threephenylmethan row and also synthesized on the department of organical chemistry NUUz sorbited on the fiber “Nitron” were systematically investigated. Optimal conditions of immobilization of new reagents on some polymeric bearers with preservation of theirspecifical analytical properties were determined.
4. 1R- spectroskopical investigation of immobilized reagents of fiber sorbents and their complexes with cations of HTM was carriedout. It was proved that in complex-formation of HTM ions with immobilized reagents the same functional analytical groups participated as in case of native solutions.
5. Results of investigations of interaction of reagents group Arsenazo and theephenylmethanic raw and also reagents synthesized on the derailment of inorganical and analytical chemistry of chemical faculty ofNUUz immobilized on marix on the base of PAN and PP-fibers with ions of HTM have shown that their immobilization was carried out owing to ionic changing and also formation of strong intermolecular hydrogenous bonds with bearers.
6. Using of calculating quant- chemical methods such as EMN, MNDO, RMZ and AM-1 has allowed in apriori to predict the structures of different rengents having some necessary analytical parameters (sensibility, contrastion of reactions and conditions of their carring out).
7. On the base on comparison optimal conditions of immobilization, sorbtion, degree of extraction of metals ions, coefficients of distribution, sorbtion capasity of fiber sorbents, data about sensibility of the analytical action occording to ions Cd, Hg, Cu and Fe in presence of accompanying elements, possibilities of quantitative desorption by small volumes of mineral acids and accessibility of initialcompounds it is shown an perspective of practical using of synthesized reagents and fiber sorbents. Immobilized reagents quantitativly have extracted ions of metals during 20-30 min at temperature 20-25°C in pH diapazone 3-7 (R=90-99%).
8. Coplex of methods of solidphase - spectroshopical and visually-testing determination of HTM in natural objects and samples of sewage and also new effective method of sorbtion - spectroskopical determination of Co,Cu, Cu, Ni, Fe and Hg in drinking and natural waters with using of immobilized organical reagent has been elaborated . This sorbtion - spectroskopical method has allowed to determine abovementioned metals in drinking and natural waters on the level n x 10-6 - n x 10'3 % and also to decrease the limitof their determination . Rightness of elaborated methods was proved by method “introduced - determined” at analysis of some real abjects and also by comparison with data obtained by atom -absorbtion method.
9. Elaborated methods were aprobated at analysis of real objects and were introduced in practics of laboratories by investigation of surface waters NYSMY; SES (sanepidemic station) of Tashkent region and Bekabad; department of radiopreparates of INP (Institute of nucleur physies) and others. Some obtained experimental data have been introduced in educational process at reading of lectures , carring out seminars and labaratory works with bachelors and masters by courses : “Analysis of environment objects”; “Optical methods of analysis “ ; “Physical methods of analysis “ ; “ Metrology statistics and computer in analytical chemistry” on the departments ofNUUz ; SamSU; Term.SV Tash.Pharm.1.
Chast naseleniya, zanyatye rabotoy, a takje te lyudi, kotorye khotyat rabotat, ischut botu, no po raznym prichina poka ee ne imeyut, predstavlyayut soboy trudovye resursy. Ix izuchenie imeet bolshoe znachenie pri otsenke rynka truda iprovedenii gosudarstvom sootvetstvuyushche demographiceskoy politiki s tselyu vozdeistviya na processy vosproizvodstva naseleniya i ego zanyatosti. Gosudarstvennaya politika zanyatosti naseleniya – eto chast social-economic policy of the gosudarstva, napravlennaya na rreshenie problem zanyatosti naseleniya vy ekonomiki na osno povysheniya effektivnosti program obespecheniya zanyatosti, razvitiya sistemy sotsialnogo partnership, stimulating the mobility of the economic active population i sileniya gibikosti rynka truda. [1, p.188] Nastoyashchee issledovanie napravleno na reshenie sleduyushchikh zadach: obzor sovremennoy literatury po tematice trudovye resursy i obespechenie regionalnoy zanyatosti; statisticheskiy analyz zanyatosti i rovnya bezrabotitsy v Respublike Uzbekistan; Izuchenie i otsenka vliyaniya faktorov, vliyayushchikh na zanyatost trudovykh resursov Republic of Uzbekistan, s tselyu vyavleniya naibolee znachimyx iz nix. Ob'ektom issledovaniya yavlyayutsya trudovye resursy Respubliki Uzbekistan, objektom — faktori, povyshayushchie ee zanyatost. Issledovanie osnovano na ispolzovanii kak kachestvennyx, tak i kolichestvennyx metodov analiza. Qualitative analysis is based on modern research factors that define labor resources in the whole world. The quantitative analysis is based on the data of the State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Statistics, the Ministry of Industry and Labor Relations of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Scientific Center for Industry and Labor Relations of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and some other organizations. The theoretical significance of the study is presented in detailed quantitative and qualitative analysis and detailed comparison of factors of regional labor resources of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
The aim of the study is to development of an algorithm for managing pregnancy and childbirth by studying the functional state of the mother-placenta-fetus system in pregnant women who have undergone COVID-19 in different trimesters of pregnancy.
The object of the study was 105 pregnant women who, were treated at the Samarkand Regional Perinatal Center and a specialized maternity center for pregnant women with COVID-19
Тhe scientific novelty of the research consists of the followings: for the first time in pregnant women infected with COVID-19, a relationship was established between the course of pregnancy, childbirth, the postpartum period and the development of complications depending on the trimester and severity of the disease; a direct correlation has been established between the state of the vessels of the mother-placenta-fetus system (resistance and pulsation indices, Endothelin-1 indicators), disorders in the hemostasis system (D-dimer, platelet aggregation) and the clinical course of the disease in pregnant women who underwent COVID-19; it has been established for the first time that the developed scale for assessing risk factors for non-developing pregnancy in women infected with COVID-19 (age, BMI, obstetric history, gestation period, hemostasis system status, endothelial function and severity of the disease) can serve as a prognostic marker of the degree of risk of pregnancy complications; it was proved for the first time that the choice of effective therapy for restoring hemodynamics in the mother-placenta-fetus system, in women who underwent COVID-19 at different stages of pregnancy, leads to a decrease in the number of thrombophilic complications.
Implementation of the research results. The results of the scientific research were introduced into the practical activities of the Samarkand Regional Perinatal Center by Order No. 128/1 of 01.09.2022 and the Samarkand City Maternity Complex No. 1 by order No. 58/1 of 03.10.2022. In pregnant women who underwent COVID-19 at different periods of pregnancy, changes in the mother-placenta-fetus system were determined using simple and effective research methods, such as ultrasound and Dopplerography, and this saved 53,000 soums; obstetricians and gynecologists, as well as neonatologists and therapists, are needed to diagnose signs of complications in the echocartin, that is, it has been proven that there is no need for other highly qualified specialists for this, due to the lack of need to train new personnel, state budget funds have been saved. With early detection of disorders in the hemostasis system in pregnant women with COVID-19: the period of stay of patients in the hospital was reduced from 10.5 days to 7.5 days and the number of hospital bed days was reduced; due to the reduction of the period of stay in the hospital for several days, the number of necessary drugs was reduced (on average, drugs are used for 1 day in the amount of 130,000 soums). Examination of pregnant women infected with viral diseases using simple and effective research methods such as ultrasound and Dopplerography served to save 85,000 soums: in the early stages up to 16 (10-11 weeks. - fetometry), 19-21, 32-34, 38-40 weeks of pregnancy; due to the absence of the need to use other research methods, it was possible to reduce costs by 23.5%; early detection of changes in the hemostasis system and endothelial dysfunction using fast, budgetary and effective research methods, contributed to the prevention of possible pregnancy complications, as well as the absence of the need to use long-term and expensive research methods, and this saved 106 000 soums: the coagulogram was checked in 105 (100%) patients, time was saved and efficiency was increased; endothelin-1 was also determined in 105 (100%) patients, efficiency was increased by 78.6%.
Improving the functionality of blood circulation in the uteroplacental and fetal-placental systems, a comprehensive analysis of possible complications during pregnancy and childbirth in women who have had viral infections, improving diagnostic, preventive and prognostic measures for managing pregnancy and childbirth contributed to the birth of live, full-term and healthy newborns in women who experienced COVID-19 during pregnancy, as well as a decrease in maternal mortality and perinatal mortality, 43% of women underwent rehabilitation in the postpartum period, 23.8% of women who underwent severe COVID-19 improved their quality of life.
To introduce scientific novelty on the topic “The impact of COVID-19 on the state of hemodynamics in the mother-placenta-fetus system in pregnant women”, a letter was sent to the Ministry of Health from Samarkand State Medical University on November 9, 2022 under No. 4295 (Conclusion of the Ministry of Health No. 8 n-z / 679 of December 15, 2022).
The structure and volume of the dissertation. The content of the dissertation consists of an introduction, five chapters, conclusion, list of used references. The volume of the dissertation consists of 113 pages.
This article is devoted to the study of Arabisms in the field of education, which is one of the dynamically developing areas of science, since it serves as an inexhaustible source in the process of constant enrichment of the vocabulary of various languages of the world. The theoretical study of the development and functioning of terminology is one of the priority areas in modern linguistics. The terminology of the sphere of education is, first of all, a terminology of general literary vocabulary, therefore, the work included the terms names of positions, institutions, names of subjects, processes, phenomena, combined into the general concept of “terminology of the sphere of education”. The purpose of the article is to analyze the main structural and lexical-semantic characteristics in the field of education in the Uzbek language. The study includes Arabicisms of the sphere of education, which are masdars or participles in the original language. In the Uzbek language, they are all considered names. The article also covers and analyzes the grammatical, morphological and semantic features of borrowings. The study was carried out using a modern descriptive method using comparative analysis, classification and systematization of the vocabulary of the Uzbek language. The results obtained will allow a new approach to the understanding and solution of problems, such as word formation in the Uzbek literary language, the definition of lexical-semantic and structural-functional characteristics of terminology in the field of education.
This article is devoted to the study of historical documents stored at the Center for Oriental Studies (COS) and the importance of the researches conducted within the framework of projects. Besides, special attention was drawn to the procurement of the government Decrees directed to the investigation of saving historical documents.
Subject of research: 128 patients with acute, subacute, secondary-chronic and primary-chronic types of Rock fever.
Aim of research: early diagnosis of audio and vestibular disturbances on patients undergo Rock fever and against background of usage of ototoxic medicines by applying of modem complex tools of audio research and impcdanccmctry.
Tools of research: general clinical research, special inquiries: examination of otolaryngologic organs, acoumctcring, tone threshold audiomctcring, voice audiometery, impcdanccmctry, detection of audio sensitivity to ultrasound under methodology of В. M. Sagalovich, vestibulometery, clcctronistagmography, reenccphalography.
Results received and their novelty: different types of audio disturbances were first time discovered from patients with Rock fever infection during a complex inquiry of audio and vestibular organs status: in acute and subacute types of Rock fever there dominate the audio disturbances on sound conductivity, in chronic type - the mixed or advantageously ncurosensoric character. There was applied an impcdanccmetry to define a character and level of injury of audio organ.
A scheme of complex conservative therapy included the mounts that influence on hemodynamics; adjuvants; the mounts that influence on tissue interchange; antyhypoxantincs that improve microcirculation of internal car; enzyme mounts that eliminate cicatrical and soldering processes in medium ear.
Practical value of dissertation: a qualified method of diagnosis of different types audio disturbances was proposed to practical public health. The methods of early diagnosis allow asserting a necessity of usage of early complex inquiries of audio and vestibular analyzers to make a prevention and development of further abnormalities (hard hearing and surdity).
A level of introduction: received results were introduced to the work of Otolaryngologic department of Second Tashkent State Medical Institute and clinical infectious hospital of Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology, Microbiology of Infection Diseases of Republic of Uzbekistan.
Fields of applying: otolaryngology, infection diseases.
O‘zbekistonning iqtisodiy hayotidagi o‘zgarishlar inson hayotining barcha sohalariga ta’sir qiladi. Bu, ayniqsa, ta’lim uchun to‘g‘ri keladi. “Bepul oliy ta’lim” standartlashtirilgan kontseptsiyasi o‘tmishga aylanib bormoqda va ta’lim xizmatlari iste’molchilarining talablari o‘zgarmoqda. Hozirgi vaqtda talabalarning turli darajadagi talablari, asosiy ta’lim va daromadlari uchun mo‘ljallangan pullik ta’limning ko‘plab shakllari va usullari mavjud. Taklif etilayotgan xizmatlar iste’molchilar talablariga qay darajada javob beradi? Bu savolning javobi ta’lim xizmatlariga bo‘lgan talabni va demakki, nodavlat ta’lim muassasalarining moliyaviy muvaffaqiyatini belgilaydi. Ta’lim xizmatlari bozorida raqobat kuchayib borayotganini hisobga olib, potentsial talabni baholash uchun bozorni o‘rganishning marketing usullariga murojaat qilish kerak. Marketing tadqiqotining maqsadi istiqbolli ehtiyojlarni aniqlash, ularning qondirish darajasini baholash, aniq farazlarni sinab ko‘rish va iste’molchilarning xatti-harakatlarini bashorat qilishdir. Shu nuqtai nazardan qaraganda, zamonaviy ta’lim muammolarini tahlil qilishda marketing tadqiqotlari metodologiyasini qo‘llash maqsadga muvofiqdir.
The aim of the study is to improve the results of diagnosis and surgical treatment of victims with closed abdominal injury by developing a new approach to ultrasound assessment of the amount of hemoperitoneum, expanding and specifying indications for laparoscopy, taking into account the volume of free fluid in the abdominal cavity.
The object of the study were 160 patients with closed abdominal injury with stable hemodynamics, was hospitalized in the surgical Department of the Republican specialized scientific and practical center for emergency medicine of the Samarkand branch (clinical departments of surgical diseases № 2 and surgery postgraduate faculty of Samarkand state Medical Institute) for the period from 2010 to 2019.
The scientific novelty of the study is as follows: a fundamentally new approach to ultrasound evaluation of discrete volumes of free fluid in the abdominal cavity is proposed, based on taking into account the thickness of the fluid layer and its prevalence in the abdominal cavity zones; The expediency of using the ultrasound indicator "free fluid in the abdominal cavity < or >500 ml" in choosing the tactics of surgical treatment of patients with closed abdominal injury is substantiated; an algorithm for choosing surgical tactics for the treatment of patients with closed abdominal trauma was developed based on an ultrasound assessment of the volume of free fluid in the abdominal cavity.
Implementation of research results. Based on the results of a scientific study to improve the diagnosis and surgical treatment of patients with closed abdominal trauma:methodological recommendations "The choice of tactics for surgical treatment of closed abdominal trauma based on ultrasound assessment of the nature and severity of the injury" have been developed (certificate of the Ministry of Health No. 8n-z/1282 dated November 15, 2022). The proposed recommendations made it possible to increase the effectiveness of the diagnosis of intra-abdominal injuries in patients with abdominal trauma;
The results of scientific research on improving the diagnosis and surgical treatment of patients with closed abdominal injury have been introduced into medical practice, including the clinical practice of the Republican Scientific Center for Emergency Medical Care and its Samarkand, Surkhandarya and Navoi branches (conclusion of the Ministry of Health No. 8 n-z/699 dated December 21, 2022). The introduction of the obtained results into clinical practice allowed to improve the quality of high-tech surgical care provided to patients with isolated and combined abdominal injuries, to reduce the frequency of postoperative complications from 11.9 to 3.1% (p=0.144).
The structure and volume of the dissertation. The dissertation consists of an introduction, 4 chapters, conclusions and a list of cited literature. The volume of the text material is 107 pages.