The lifestyle and works of Kalabadi Bukhari, who lived and worked in Bukhara in the X century, have not yet been studied extensively and systematically. Accordingly, this article focuses on medieval sources, providing accurate and complete information about Kalobodi’s full name, date of birth and death, place of burial, subjects learned, mentors, students, fields of activity and works he created.
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a biopsychosocial disorder that consists of a set of functional disorders that cannot be explained by organic changes in the intestines. At present, it is very important to determine the indicators of quality of life (QOL) in patients with various diseases. QOL analysis allows us to determine how well a patient is coping with the disease, and is also important for addressing many of the issues that arise during treatment. The main complaints of patients were fecal incontinence (100%) and pain syndrome (100%). In patients with IBS with predominance of diarrhea and constipation, the leading symptom in the clinical picture of the disease is pain throughout the bowel, which decreases or disappears after defecation, accompanied by flatulence and a feeling of complete bowel emptying. ± 0.25 points (according to the results of the GSRS survey), which corresponds to severe and moderate intensity pain syndrome. At the end of the course of treatment, a statistically significant decrease in the intensity of abdominal pain was observed in patients.
This article presents a clinical case of the treatment of a mandibular radicular cyst from 3.6 teeth by creating a decompression "window", which allows the cyst volume to be reduced up to complete restoration of the bone structure as well as ensuring the integrity of the surrounding anatomical structures. The subsequent filling of the cavity with newly formed bone is due to secondary osteogenesis. This operation can be performed on an outpatient basis in a dental surgery room under local anesthesia
The full name of Fakhr al-Dīn Ūzjandi is Ḥasan ibn Manṣūr ibn Maḥmūd ibn ʿAbd Al-ʿAzīz ibn ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Ūzjandi al-Farghānī (hereinafter Fakhr al-Dīn Ūzjandi). To study the contribution of Fakhr al-Dīn Ūzjandi to the development of medieval Mawarannahr jurisprudence, it is necessary to have a complete understanding of the socio-political situation of the time when the scientist lived. Only then will it be possible to objectively determine and scientifically analyze its place in the development of the Mawarannahr school of Ḥanafī.
The fact that the style in this article is a factor that ensures the aesthetic integrity of the artistic work. The peculiarity of the Individual style, psychological and metaphorical image, landscape, portrait, mental state of the hero. The author's speech is that the title, epigraph, text, skill means a much wider range of meanings than the style, the technique is applied to the addicts of many styles, such as realistic style, romantic or classic. It should also be noted that when we say a realistic or romantic style, we understand the generality of the style. And the individuality of the style is analyzed as an image and a form of expression, which characterizes the content of the work as holistic and complete.
To micropropagate agave plants, physical tissue is acquired from chosen establishes that are adapted for 2 to a half year to work on their physiological condition and wellbeing before in vitro development. The goal of this review was to assess the physiological state of Agave angustifolia plants as far as its impact on organogenic reaction in physical tissue taken from these plants when they are set up in comparable culture media. In a nursery, development of four gatherings of plants was assessed when they were exposed to various sorts of water system for quite some time: 1) water; 2) NS-half (fertigation with supplement arrangement at half strength); 3) NS-75%; and 4) NS100%. Toward the finish of the period, it was discovered that providing supplements is significant for plants to accomplish better physiological condition. The unfertilized plants and those that got NS-75% had increments of 3.8 and 7.8 leaves, 6.5 and 12.5 cm long of the biggest leaf, and 1610.3 and 4401.4 cm2 in leaf region. Stem tissue was acquired from these stock plants and refined for 90 days in vitro culture, and development of unusual shoots was surveyed. The outcomes showed that the size of organogenesis in stem tissue for arrangement of unusual shoots was emphatically identified with the physiological state of the stock plant. Explants taken from unfertilized stock plants framed 14.6 all out shoots and 3.8 shoots on each explant, while those fertigated at 100% centralization of supplements shaped 32.7 complete shoots and 8 shoots on each explant.
There is an issue which can be the subject of a further research that is: most learners of EFL do not actually have any needs at all. They are learning English because they have to rather than because they want or need to. This is particularly true of young learners, who are not going to need to communicate in English for many years to come (if at all). In such cases, the teacher is unlikely to be able to create much intrinsic motivation to learn English in general but can create the need in an engaging classroom task in which the students need to find a way of communicating in English in order to successfully complete the task. This can lead to readiness for acquisition provided the students are motivated by the teacher to read extensively as well. Thus, there should be more place for needs analysis because when we do not run the first principle to create and produce better materials, the rest will always be under great doubt. Every new teacher should consider starting their year applying needs analysis in small scales and then decide what the best is for themselves and their learners.
Considering that organizations access different elusive assets as they attempt to complete a market system, this current examination is keen on researching whether, theoretical assets delegated abilities offer more to Occupation Organization suppliers' prosperity than immaterial assets as resources, as endorsed by the 'asset based view' hypothesis. A solitary speculation was placed to examine the presumption that capacities contribute to a great extent to Occupation Organization suppliers' market and monetary execution, as opposed to theoretical resources. This model was tried by means of a study incorporating Position Organization suppliers in Australia. Of the 200 polls appropriated, a last example of 69 suppliers was broke down utilizing various relapse investigation. Suppliers' term in business was utilized as a control variable. The discoveries of the current examination uncovered blended outcomes. Capacities were observed to be a huge supporter of suppliers' market execution and not monetary execution, in the wake of representing the impacts of other elusive resources and the control variable. Paradoxically, authoritative resources were observed to be a critical supporter of both market and monetary execution measures. Also, protected innovation and notoriety resources were not observed to be critical in foreseeing suppliers' market and monetary execution. Along these lines, as opposed to the 'asset based-see' hypothesis, capacities were not observed to be the absolute most significant supporter of Occupation Organization suppliers' presentation.
The content of this scientific research is related to the study of the positive and negative effects of water added to the composition of a concrete structure, ensuring complete hydration of cement by reducing the amount of water to a minimum and creating a new structure of high-strength concrete.
In the last 20-30 years, tactical and technical movements in basketball have changed. New complex types of dribbling have appeared that allow the basketball player to beat the opponent and attack the basket. There is no systematic description of improper coordination types of dribbling in modern educational and methodological literature. The purpose of the study is to systematize dribbling in modern basketball. To achieve this, the following methods were used: analysis and summarization of specialized literature, method of systematization, questionnaire from 86 trainers. As a result of classification, description of 64 main (simple) types of dribbling was obtained. The classification of game situations gave a complete understanding in class 72 of its application during the game. Complex coordination types of dribbling include several basic - combinations of different game situations.
This article will discuss the problems of learning the Bengali language in Uzbekistan and challenges for the future, also problems and perspectives. The very ancient cultural ties of the Republics of Uzbekistan and Bangladesh were also affected in this feature. Until the beginning of the 20th century, comments were made on measures to study and introduce the Indian language in Central Asia for the first time. It was against this background that the history of teaching the Indian language in Tashkent, at the Department of South Asian Languages, was discovered with great difficulty, and reviews were made of the invaluable work of Russian linguistic scholars who began teaching the Indian language. The main essence of the problem is the history of the beginning of teaching Bengali at the Department of South Asian Languages of the Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies (TSUOS), in which teachers taught for the first time. The degree to which the teaching of the Bengali language at the Tashkent State Pedagogical Institute has ended is an indication of the nature of the tasks associated with these problems. Up to now, achievements in teaching the Bengali language have also been mentioned. Complete information on the issues described above is given in this article.
As part of the study of the Bukhara-Khiva oil and gas region, a geologist performed a comprehensive analysis of geophysical information on wells - lithological description of the core, laboratory determinations of reservoir properties, log curves, test results. The article is presented. The most complete information on the structure of the surfaces of the suprasalt complexes was obtained from the top of the Bukhara layers of the Paleogene. The obtained data were incorporated into the logging interpretation algorithms, which made it possible to give a litho-petrophysical characteristic of each of the formations of the Jurassic Cretaceous oil and gas complexes within the Chardjoy stage of structural-facies zones.
Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. Researches of human population genomic variety and scenarios of its genetic pool formation arc one of perspective directions of modem genetics. Prompt progress in this field has allowed defining the basic routes of continents settlement. However the information about Central Asian (CA) populations even on «classical» genetic markers has accidental, fragmentary character, and requires additional large-scale investigations. Besides, according to historical, archeological, paleontological and some anthropogenetic studies, given region was playing certain role in ancient moving of modem human ancestors throughout Eurasian continent. Therefore it is extremely important to summarize and perform complex assessment of new and collected data on Central Asian populations as practically there arc no multivariate analyses studies of given region as a complex population system.
In studies of human population genetic structure arc usually used various approaches allowing understanding concept of populations subdivision and character of genetic relationships between them. Among these techniques the prominent place belongs to approaches based on an assessment of genetic distances between populations with their subsequent analysis by multivariate statistics methods. For even more compelling picture of the relationships between the populations on tree diagram we composed «the genetic landscape» of area, where the description of population genetic structure is presented by equally spaced figures consistently consolidating populations according to their genetic distances from each other and thus creating a genetic landscape. This approach is not only a tool for elementary population boundary detection, but also can be effectively used for identification of borders and sizes of population as naturalistic unit.
Multigcnctic landscape is a collection of different genetic systems which arc specific to the region and ethnic groups, which have their geographical areas, their geographical, historical and cultural boundaries. Gene flows arc run through these conventional boundaries, but they arc less intense than in the limits of area. These limits arc ambiguous and fluid, but it is real. You can identify them by studying, for example, the structure of marriage migration. Therefore anthropogenesis of different populations will inevitably differ from each other. Ethnogenetic composition tends to change over time, from generation to generation, and hence there is a need to understand the structure of the genepool, not only at a given time, but also in the study of genetic processes that form and reform the gcncpooL In this regard, the studying of multigcnctic landscapes is in close contact with the demographics, medical and genetic ecology, anthropology, ethnology, archeology and history of the peoples, that is, with a range of areas, not only natural, but also the humanities knowleges.
Study of genomic diversity is important not only to address questions of origin and genetic history of different ethnic groups, but is also the basis for molecular epidemiology of hereditary and multifactor diseases. Each region is characterized by a specific set of common genetically determined diseases. To understand the causes of the prevalence of disease in different regions, and to develop approaches to their early DNA diagnosis and effective prevention, initially it is necessary to conduct population-based studies, which determine the development of the disease.
Purpose of research is to implement a comprehensive description of the structure of indigenous Central Asian populations genetic pool, examine demographic, phylogenetic and evolutionary features of Central Asian populations through the analysis of genetic variety of mtDNA, Y-chromosomal (NRY), autosomal, X-chromosomal microsatcllites and immunogcnetic variants of Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) and hepatitis В virus (HB V).
To achieve this goal the following tasks of research is solved:
specification of immunogcnetic variants of H.pylori and HBV, allocated at the patients in Central Asian region, with the subsequent comparative phylogenetic analysis of H.pylori and HBV regional versions with those in other regions of the world;
examination of genetic variety and degree of genetic differentiation of Central Asian populations according to classical population-genetic objects -polymorphisms of mtDNA, Y-chromosomal, autosomal and X- chromosomal STRs;
assessment of the Western and East-Eurasian lines of population inheritance contribution to Central Asian populations’ genetic pool at regional, ethnic, sub-cthnic levels and in a level of elementary populations;
reviewing of character of regional populations relationships by genetic variety of mtDNA, autosomal, X-chromosomal, Y-chromosomal STRs markers in view of ethnographic, social and linguistic data;
evaluation of sex-specific genetic structure and the social organization according to polymorphisms of mtDNA, autosomal, X-chromosomal, Y-chromosomal markers in the region;
determination of ancient ways of migrations and scripts of formation of Central Asian populations according to mtDNA, autosomal, X-chromosomal, Y-chromosomal STRs markers and immunogcnetic variants of H.pylori and HBV',
evaluation of ethnogenetic position of studied Central Asian populations in the system of genetic pools of Eurasia and the world in general through comparative analysis of all studied population-genetic parameters.
Scientific novelty of dissertational research consists in the following:
for the first time was performed a study of genetic pool structure of 26 Central Asian populations from 6 ethnic groups as complete population systems using a wide range of genetic objects;
for the first time was made an assessment of informativeness of each type of genetic subjects. For the first time was received detailed characteristic of genetic pool structure of indigenous Central Asian population on the basis of variability lines of the spectrum of genetical objects;
for the first time was defined the ratio of Westem-and the East-Eurasian lines in a genepool of Central Asian population and were made an assessments of genetic variety level and genetic differentiation degree of regional populations as a whole;
for the first time phylogenetic analysis of major haplogroups of investigated genetic subjects was conducted;
for the first time the position of Central Asian population in population genetic pool system of surrounding regions and Eurasia in the whole was studied;
for the first time the evolutionary-adaptable mechanisms, necessary in the forecast of formations of multigenic pathologies in region were studied at 6 ethnoses of Central Asian.
CONCLUSION
1. H.pylori from Central Asian territory is similar to Western Europe isolates, and shaped by two ancestral populations genotype Ancestral Europe 1 (dominant) and Ancestral Europe2 and for AE1-genotype Central Asian region probably is the source. H.pylori from the territory of Central Asia form a separate cluster group: close relationship of Tadjik, Uzbek strains and Iranian isolates from the north of Iran is established. Kirghiz isolates were found to be closer to populations from territory of Siberia.
2. High diversity of HBV genotypes in Central Asia was found -4 genotypes (A, C, D, and G). Phylogenetic analysis of Central Asian genotype HBV-with options for other regions of the world showed a close relationship between the dominant genotype D (0,78), the D1-subtype with variants of the virus in Europe, the Middle East and Africa.
3. The rates of genetic affinity for STR-NRY in Kazakhs, Turkmens, Karakalpaks Turtkul at the level of the same lineage were high: 0,58 (p<0,001); 0,34 (p<0,01) and 0,77 (p<0,001), respectively. The coefficients of relationship at the level of clan for Kazakhs, Turkmens, Uzbeks and Karakalpaks from Kungrad and Turtkul were lower: 0,30 (r<0,01); 0,21 (p<0,001) and 0,40 (r<0,001); 0,07 (p<0,05) and 0,09 (p<0,05), respectively. At the level of the tribe, the indicators were negative for all Turkic populations: -0,02 (r<0,05);-0,04 (r<0,001);-0,07 (p<0,01); -0,0011 (r<0,1) and -0,10 (r<0,01), respectively.
4. The analysis of mtDNA HVS-1 showed that total rate of differentiation level for all populations was low: FST=0,013; p<0,0001. Level of diversity between groups was 0,6% (p<0,001) of the total variability. Parameter of genetic differences between Turkic and Indo-Iranian populations made 0,55% (p<0,0283) of the total genetic variability. The rate of genetic differentiation on a sub-ethnic level was significantly expressed in Indo-Iranian group (FST=0,0197;r<0,001) than among the Turkic-speaking (0,3%; p=0,10). In all populations, in general, wasn‟t detected the correlation between genetic and geographic distances at the global level on mtDNA HVS-1: r=0,00682; p=0,502.
5. Analysis of STR-NRY showed that the level of the genetic differentiation between ethnic groups was 5,6% (p<0,02); general differentiation between populations made RST=0,186 (p<0,001). Combined analysis, taking into account the language and way of life of Turkic and Indo Iranian populations, showed the general differences between the two groups – 9,1% Value of genetic differentiation when comparing the ethnos-ethnos was slightly lower than the level within ethnos: 5,6% among ethnic groups, 18,6%, and 13,7%-between populations within the ethnic group.
6. Analysis of heterozygosity (H) and the average number of pairwise differences (p) of mtDNA, were high in nomadic populations (av.H=0,99; av.p=5,29) and farmer populations (av.H=0,99; av.p=5,32). Heterozygosity (H) on Y- chromosome was lower in nomadic groups than in the agrarian – 0,86 and 0,99,respectively (p<0,01). Nomadic populations exhibit a higher level of population differentiation (RST) in comparison with farmers - 0,19 and 0,06, respectively (p<0,01). Indicators of population growth (r) were lower in nomadic populations compared with farmers - 1,004 and 1,008, respectively (p=0,056).
7. The level of genetic differentiation in all ethnic groups was higher on the Y chromosome in comparison with mtDNA. The farming populations showed no significant difference in the genetic differentiation FST (Y)=0,069 and FST (mtDNA)=0,034, while among patrilineal nomadic population the level of genetic diversity was higher in the male line of inheritance - FST(Y)=0,177 and FST (mtDNA)=0,010. Genetic diversity of population structure in patrilineal nomads on autosomal and X-linked markers were: FST (A)=0,008 (0,006-0,010) and FST (X)=0,011 (0,001-0,004) (H0: FST(A)=FST(X); H1: FST(A)>FST(X); p=0,02). In bilinear farmer populations the differences of autosomal and X-chromosomal markers were insignificant: FST (A)=0,014 (0,012-0,016) and FST (X)=0,013 (0,008-0,018 at p=0,36).
8. Analysis of mtDNA indicated that the age of expansion on the territory of Eurasia (τw) declined significantly from East to West (r=0,72; p<0,001). The age of expansion had a pronounced tendency to decrease from 30 thousand years in China to 17 thousand years in Western Europe. Age of expansion in Central Asia amounted to 26 thousand years. Results of expansion analysis on NRY also show a decrease in genetic diversity from the East to the West of Eurasia (r=0,49; p<0,001). In Central Asia this age was 16 thousand yrs. According STRs-NRYBatwing analysis of the minimal age of Uzbek population origin was 1232,71 yrs old (Ne=14088 (6765-23942); α=0,0108 (0,0065-0,0155)).
9. The apportionment of multilocus genetic variations among ethnic and linguistic groups of Central Asian populations showed that more than 98% of all variations were within the population (p<0,0001). Evaluation of the ethnic and linguistic affiliations in the observed variations showed reliable conformity - FST=0,007; p<0,0001 and FST=0,011; p<0,0001, respectively. We didn‟t find evidence of geographical isolation within each of the Turkic and Indo Iranian groups of populations (p=0,363 and p=0,772, respectively).
10. Analysis of multilocus allelic diversity (AR) and heterozygosity (He) showed differences among the Central Asian and other populations in allelic variety (χ2 =105,29; d.f.=25; p<0,0001) and heterozygosity (χ2=67,98; d.f.=25; p<0,0001). Population differentiation at multilocus analysis at populations of Central Asia is more pronounced than in the other regions of Eurasia: in European and Middle Eastern groups pairwise estimation of FST ranged from 0,011 to 0,015 and -0,008-0,021, respectively; in East-Asian groups from -0,011 to 0,046; and finally, in Central Asia these rates ranged from -0,004 to 0,056. Heterozygosity was significantly higher in the group of the Indo-Iranian populations than among Turkic-speaking (He=0,818 and He=0,787, respectively; Z=-4, 55; p<0,0001). According to multilocus analysis all 26 Central Asian populations slightly but significantly differed (FST=0,015; CI99%=0,011-0,018; p<0,01).
This article is about the main goal of the National Program of training of personnel – the radical reform of the educational sphere, the complete liberation of it from ideological views and sarcophagi left by the past, the creation of a national system of training highly qualified personnel at the level of developed democracies that meets high moral and ethical requirements.
This article is devoted to the study of euphemisms related to the concept of "woman" in Chinese and Uzbek linguoculture. Sometimes people encounter situations when communicating with others where they cannot say what they want directly or use phrases in their own sense, putting their interlocutors at a disadvantage. Euphemisms applied to find out solution of such complicated situations. Euphemisms are words and expressions, which are replaces forbidden, improper to say, rude lexicon that contradict moral norms in its own polite way. Euphemisms reflects the psychology, worldview, customs, traditions, myths and beliefs of a people. The article examines the euphemisms associated with the concept of "woman" in Chinese and Uzbek linguoculture in such thematic groups as "woman's age", "pregnancy", "morals" and "appearance". The general and specific aspects of euphemisms expressing the concept of "woman" in Chinese and Uzbek linguoculture are compared and their place in language and culture is shown. Changes of way of thinking and worldview of Chinese and Uzbek peoples at certain times, growth of the role of women in the socio-political life, role as mother, housewife moreover as a active member of society with equal rights with men explained through euphemisms. In both nationalities have been found cognitive traits of women such as oriental abashment, pudency, humbleness and chastity, which is reflected in euphemisms. The study of euphemisms associated with the concept of “woman” in Chinese and Uzbek linguoculture is important in solving the current issue of gender equality. The examine of euphemisms makes it possible to deeply study and understand the mentality of a people, to form a complete picture of its national culture, values, customs, traditions, moral criteria, the national character of a native speaker and the relationship between the language and culture. Along with this, knowledge of euphemisms avoids misunderstandings and difficulties arising in the process of intercultural communication, eliminates pragmatic obstacles, and ensures successful and effective communication.