In the article, the essence of the specific features of the introduction of alternative concepts into the educational process in the teaching of natural sciences in primary education, the principles of choosing materials related to the content of these educational subjects, the interdisciplinary connection of acquired knowledge, skills, skills and competencies implementation in its content, to understand the essence of events and process changes between nature and society, as well as to develop a careful attitude towards the environment, nature, to feel the interrelationship of animate and inanimate nature and to know nature the possibilities of creating interest, the holistic visualization of scientific concepts, the aspects of developing students' thinking by applying them to practice are highlighted.
Recently, in world linguistics, in particular, in Uzbek linguistics, the number of studies on the notion concept and its essence has increased. This, in turn, reflects the different and similar aspects of unique cultures among peoples. The scope of research and practical work on the linguistic and cultural characteristics of peoples has increased. In such studies, special attention is usually paid to concepts representing cultural concepts such as “family”, “nation”, “mother”, “child”, and “father”. The present paper will discuss linguistic-cultural study of lexemes representing family content.
Modern Tamil literature is distinguished by the versatility of its creators. Just as the literature of the peoples of India was influenced by foreign literature, such prose genres as short story, essay, and novel were introduced into Tamil literature. Samples of the work of European and Russian writers had been translated into Tamil and new works in the spirit of realism began to be created. Inspired by the works of Russian artists, the Tamil writer Chinnappa Bharati takes his place among Tamil realists. The article deals with the life and works of Chinnappa Bharati, the ideological content of his novels, as well as the writer’s contribution to Tamil novelistic. In the introductory part of the article, a brief overview of the stages of development of the Tamil language and literature is given, and in the main part, the life and creative path of Chinnappa Bharati, his novels, and the level of knowledge of Chinnappa Bharati’s work are described in detail. Studies have shown that Chinnappa Bharati is not only a creative figure, but also a person who is actively involved in the socio-political processes of society. Although Chinnappa Bharati started his career with poetry, he is a multi-faceted writer who can successfully perform in such prose genres as short story, essay, article, novel. The article also compared the works of Yashpal and Chinnappa Bharati. As a result, aspects of the commonality and differences of their creativity were also studied. As a result of the comparative analysis, i is established that the work of both writers combines the similarity of thoughts, the presence of ideas that call for striving for creativity, and it is also revealed that they are writers who love their people and fight for justice. It is also noted that Chinnappa Bharati stands out among his contemporaries as a writer who has his own style in artistic creation, and the main reason for this is that the plot of his works is based on reality.
In this article is described some samples for organizing students independent learning in pedagogical circumstances, it is also mentioned to increase educational efficiency and motivate students learning English which related to their profession with forming innovative atmosphere. Blended learning plays an important role to improve learning English independently for the students. It is proposed to coordinate the students' independent learning-cognitive activity with the content of differentiated universal, authentic, differential-creative, integrative-active, and non-philological content. There are proposals aimed at improving the model of the development of students' independent educational activities in the conditions of mixed education, based on the design mechanisms of professional competence and foreign language skills, on the basis of individual, independent, adaptive synchronization to the interests of educational subjects. Definitely, developing the social sphere, especially education and science, to improve the continuity of the education system, to increase the possibilities of quality education services, and to train highly qualified personnel in accordance with the modern needs of the labor market.
The article focuses on the issues of systematic scientific and methodological support of modern educational activities. The need for a systematic approach to studying the problem of professional self-determination of students in the “school-university” system depends on a number of reasons. The choice of certain diagnostic methods of research depends on a number of circumstances, and this approach determines the content component of the organization of the school and university educational process: the choice of subjects (disciplines), their methodological content and the organization of necessary activities, inter-thematic connections, innovative pedagogical technologies. They contribute to the formation of a unified picture of the world among students in a historical and cultural retrospective.
The article provides information from the literature on the harvesting, sorting and placement of dried peach varieties in the drying area and methods of their drying. On this basis, the country can further develop exports of dry products and achieve positive results in agriculture.
52 patients with rickets and 10 healthy children were examined. Among patients with rickets, 35 children were born in women with a complicated course of pregnancy (threat of termination, toxicosis of the first and second half). In 12 children, mothers had chronic liver and kidney diseases before giving birth.
The level of 25(OH) vitamin D (25-oxycalciferol) and 24.25 (OH)2 vitamin D (24.25-dioxycalciferol) was determined. The content of calcium-regulating hormones in the blood serum was determined by radioimmunological analysis. To assess the severity of the rickets process, the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the blood serum was determined using a standard kit.
The aim of our study was to determine the effect of specific prevention on the metabolism and course of the clinical form of rickets in young children.
Topicality and demand of the theme of dissertation. In world practice of informatization, systems of electronic document interchange (EDIS) arc considered and introduced last years not only as systems for automation of manage processes but also as high-grade platforms for creation of uniform information field, so borders of their use, certainly, expands and scientists of the world raises interest to them. In researches of leading scientists of infocommunication technologies the demand of problems of authentic gathering, transfer, analysis, coding of information during formation of office-work documents is allocated for getting of effective technologies raising mobility and productivity of EDIS.
Complex measures undertaken by the Government of Republic of Uzbekistan on development of systems of region-territorial automated management and to creation of uniform information field arc directed on wide introduction of information systems, EDIS, databases (DB) on the basis of modern information-communication technologies. In this connection, working out of new methods to intelligent processing of information resources used for improvement of data transfer quality, allowing effectively to find out and correct errors in structure of electronic document interchange with least material and time expenses, differs a special urgency and, at the same time, remains the unresolved theoretical and applied problem having important economic value.
Requirements to information resources and streams of data transmission as the important factor of efficiency and quality of EDIS functioning arc expressed in providing of stability, integrity, safety and authenticity of the information. One of important among factors is the criterion of authenticity of the information, caused by distortion of transferred messages in infocommunication networks because of failures and refusals of means, any handicaps in communication channels, errors of operators, scanning and recognition systems.
Hence, construction of effective systems to control of information authenticity during transfer and processing represents special scientific interest as priority technology of data processing, characteristic for conditions of automated management and electronic document interchange at the enterprises and organizations.
For existing methods, despite of providing the high level of information transfer authenticity, some unsolved questions is typical, and as basic of them it is possible to allocate the following: at development technologies of electronic documents interchange in structure of modern data transfer packages the significant volume of resource is spent for headings, at the same time the most part of information in headings remains constant from package to package during stream of transfer of the whole frame (redundancy of the information arising at it and mechanisms to provide reliability of deliveries consisting, basically, in sending the appropriate message and repeated transfer of packages, - result to additional time and material expenses while errors detection and elimination); code and hardware methods of information transfer control arc focused, mainly, on elimination the transposition mistakes in managing fields of packages; however, at data transfer there arc also distortions in information fields, which frequently reveal as multiple text mistakes.
In this relation, the decision of tasks for providing of information transfer authenticity is reasonable to consider in two aspects.
Solutions of the first type tasks should taken into account errors of the man-operator, scanning and other devices intended for input of the information. These kinds of mistakes make greatest volume of distortions in text and arise at Applied and Representation levels of OSI model (Open System Interconnection reference model).
Solutions of second type tasks, devoted to control of the information reliability, take into consideration the probability of distortions which occur at stages of Transport, Network, Physical and Line of model OSI.
Demand of the dissertation is characterized by the fact that introduction of a wide range of IP-enabled technologies in electronic document interchange is connected to requiring close attention tasks of detection and correction of errors during preparation and processing of documents.
This research work is focused on providing realization of laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan «On informatization», «On electronic digital signature», «On electronic document», «On electronic commerce», «On electronic payments», Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan № 126 on 05.04.2011 «About measures on installation and use of a single secured e-mail and system of electronic document interchange in the executive office of cabinet of ministers, bodies of government and economic governance, local government».
Following that, the solution of listed tasks requires carrying out the special researches and development connected to creation of methods and algorithms, capable to control the information authenticity in structure of data transfer packages at the expense of use the enclosed redundancy, and able to function in transport environment, eliminating existing lacks. This fact causes necessity of allocation of a special class algorithms for providing of information authenticity on the basis of new type of PR-rcdundancy (property redundancy), defined by depending on properties of processed object.
Purpose of research is development ol constructive methods, models, algorithms and systems of information authenticity control during transfer and processing of the data on the basis of mechanisms used PR-rcdundancy of various nature, and software and algorithmic realization of results for developing technologies of electronic document interchange.
Scientific novelty of disscrtational research consists in the following:
concept, methodology and software and algorithmic bases to construction methods, models and algorithms for the information authenticity control in systems of electronic document interchange arc developed, classes of objects characterized by PR-rcdundancy, applied to provide accuracy, integrity, efficiency, compression, availability of information resources in EDIS arc allocated;
methods and algorithms arc offered for control of information reliability at the expense of use the artificial redundancy on the basis of linear, modular, plane summing mechanisms and definition of belonging to the coded subsets;
methods and software complexes arc developed for control of information reliability at the expense of use the natural redundancy on the basis of algorithms in which procedures of statistical, arithmetic, parsing coding, n-gram structured description, statistical pattern recognition and hashing of text elements arc realized;
for control and correction of spelling mistakes in texts on Uzbek language methods and algorithms arc offered on the basis of models of multilevel morphological analysis and n-grams Grammatik description;
on the basis of enclosed logic criteria, database and knowledgebase in structure of the built-in expert systems methods and algorithms arc developed for the control of information authenticity at the expense of use the structural-technological PR-rcdundancy;
methods arc offered to synthesis algorithms of text information reliability control in interactive system of errors detection and correction for developing technologies of electronic document interchange.
Conclusion
1. Developed in the dissertation constructive methods, models, software and algorithms complexes to control of information authenticity by principles of using of PR-rcdundancy on the basis of concepts of system analysis, control and information processing allow to increase efficiency and productivity of EDIS.
2. The estimation of current state of the theory and practice of code, hardware and program methods of control of authenticity information transfer had shown insufficiency of existing types of redundancy for providing qualitative functioning of EDIS. Principles of use of PR-rcdundancy at electronic documents for working out applied methods, software and algorithmic complexes to providing of information transfer authenticity have allowed to design toolkit of development of existing technologies.
3. Methods of: linear, plane and modular summation; codings by rules of Haffman, Lempcl-Ziv-Velch, Barrousc-Willcr, arithmetic coding, statistical recognition, logic control form methodical bases of use of PR-rcdundancy for expansion possibilities of algorithms and software complexes to providing of the information authenticity during drawing up, transfer and processing of electronic documents texts.
4. Efficiency of developed algorithms is shown and solutions arc got for tasks of control the information authenticity on the basis of criterion of mistakes undctccting probabilities. It is established, that they find up to 92 % of all kinds of mistakes, capable to correct single, double and adjacent transpositional mistakes, in comparison with existing methods reduce labour content and cost of control in 2-3 times if probability of mistakes is accepted as P«4-10-3, and also raise the information authenticity up to three orders.
5. To solving tasks of control and correction of spelling mistakes in Uzbek texts methods, algorithms and systems arc developed included morphological and n-gram structured models. The developed technique of getting frequency characteristics of n-gram on the basis of distortions probability parameters statistics arc applied during systematization hash-codes for parsing coding.
6. Interpolation and extrapolation methods of construction the logic and arithmetic function of statistical recognition arc used for working out algorithms to control of text elements images authenticity. Methods arc developed to control authenticity of alarm characteristics of text elements images in ncuronctworking system to information processing which includes parts of automatic recognition and control of images signals. Methods and algorithms arc realized in the structure system to control of information authenticity for eases when information in EDIS is represented as metatext on the basis of belonging attributes and classification of metatext on fuzzy semantic hypcrnct.
7. Methods and algorithms of the control of the information authenticity, based on methods of dictionary, statistical and hash-codings provide effective applying of the hardware-software environment of parallel computations NVIDIA with use of standard libraries of numerical analysis, optimized data exchange between CPU and GPU for optimization.
8. It is determined that at realization of the system to control of spelling on the basis of developed ways of description and identification of the software shell, treelike representation of n-gramm grammar and architecture of framework Sfinks-4 focused on various language models used PR-rcdundancy, the number of undetected errors and cost of realization considerably decreases, and labour content in comparison with the spelling control system on the basis of morphological analysis decreases twice.
9. Developed simulating algorithms, complexes of software and systems to control of information authenticity on the basis of using PR-rcdundancy have found practical application in systems of: automated organization of educational environment in high schools; adapted data transfer, processing and analysis in infocommunication networks; EDIS of enterprises.
10. The developed software complexes to control the information authenticity in structure of EDIS and computer system of adapted transfer, handling and data analysis arc implemented in real working conditions in the Samarkand branch «UzTelecom» of the State committee or communication, for informatization and telecommunication technologies of the Republic of Uzbekistan and in Joint Venture «Tasty-Fuit». Appropriate certificates confirm cost of economical efficiency of dissertation results.
Rashod Nuri Gunthekin is an internationally renowned Turkish writer. Many of his stories and novels have been translated into Uzbek. An article about the life and work of Rashod Nuri Guntekin. His role in the history of Turkish novels, the essence of the content of his novels are discussed and some of his novels are analyzed. The entry of the author into the world of literature provides information about his published works. The article is based on the analysis of the novels "The Mysterious Hand", "Cholikushi", "Tamga", "Khazonrezgi", "Achinish", "Green Night", "Night of Fire", "Evening Sun". shown. The uniqueness of Rashod Nuri Guntekin as a writer reveals the content of social problems raised in his works. It is appropriate to cite the opinions of other writers about the work of Rashod Nuri (for example, the words of the Azerbaijani writer Ismail Shikhli), and you can also find out the influence of the work of R. Nuri Guntekin on other artists. In general, the article contains the necessary information that Rashod Nuri Guntekin is a great writer, his novels have been translated into Uzbek.
This article analyzes virtual resources in the process of teaching English. Habitual virtual phenomena appear in a new quality due to the disclosure of their linguistic and didactic potential in English classes. The author pays special attention to the relevance of authentic materials in this pedagogical process. Their importance is not in doubt in modern conditions, but they are spoken of as means, which are material objects. Until now, when talking about technical teaching aids, the emphasis is on the equipment itself, which has already become familiar, while today the content and form of the information transmitted using it, in other words, the content, is much more important.
The quantitative content of water-soluble vitamins of the aerial part of the plant Capsella bursa was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method, the quantitative content of vital macro- and microelements in the various vegetative organs of the Capsella bursa plant was determined
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Khorezm's Muhammad Rahimkhan Feruz created a unique literary atmosphere around his palace. Poets and writers who are Tabibi, Mutrib, Bayani, Avaz Otar, and Chokar worked during this period. The works of the poets are in Persian-Tajik and Turkish languages and have their own traditions. The interest in science significantly grew in Khiva. According to the khan's decree, qualified secretaries set up devons, mukhammases, bayozs, tazkirs, and complexes. At present, such works are kept in the manuscript fund of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan and in the Ichankala Museum in Khiva. The collection "Majmuai mukhammasoti ash-shuaroi Feruzshahiy" is a large source of lyrical works of Khorezm literary environment. The complex was built in the second half of the XIX century and was built by Tabibi by royal decree. It contains samples of poems by contemporary artists. This source, which provides valuable information about the literary environment of its time, is now stored in the main fund of the Institute of Oriental Studies named after Abu Rayhon Beruni of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan under inventory number 1134. The complex differs from other collections in that it consists of poems of the mukhammas genre. Muhammad Hasan Devon Haji Tabib o‗g‗li Mutrib Khonaharab is one of the poets whose works are included in the creative heritage of the poets. The article analyzes the mukhammases of Mutrib Khonaharab, which are connected with the ghazals of the master poets Ogahi and Feruz. The artistic features of Mutrib‘s mukhammases, which are not found in manuscripts, have been studied. It is based on primary sources that the poet‘s ghazal retains aspects such as weight and content, and introduces innovations, focusing on the gradual development of the content. The mukhammas and musaddas included in the collection were studied from the point of view of textual and source studies, comparing them with the poems copied to the manuscript.
This article examines the theme of corruption in contemporary Nigerian poetry through a qualitative content analysis of selected poems. The study sample comprises poems that explicitly address the theme of corruption in Nigerian society. The research design involves a close reading of the poems to identify the different poetic devices used to address the theme of corruption, as well as any recurring themes and motifs in the poems. The findings of the content analysis reveal that contemporary Nigerian poets use various poetic devices, including satire and metaphor, to express their frustration with the level of corruption in Nigerian society and to call for change. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of the findings and the significance of the theme of corruption in contemporary Nigerian poetry. This study highlights the role of poetry as a medium for social critique and adds to the ongoing discourse on corruption in Nigeria.
In Uzbek poetry of the independence period, which is a legitimate part of world literature, special attention is paid to the generalization of scientific theoretical views on the creative worldview and creative philosophy of the socio historical period, the artistic perception of reality in poetry and the study of artistic realization. The intensification of the desire for the deep artistic development of the human spiritual world in the poetry of the independence period is associated with the renewal of the period, the historical environment and the artistic thinking of the creators themselves. The harmony of poetry and literary-aesthetic views is a direct result of the synthesis of the principles of creative phenomenon, personality, perception of the world, which is reflected in the author's "I". Image poetics plays an important role in revealing the creative concept and uniting it into a common denominator. The perfection of the product of artistic thinking as a synthesized system is determined by the level of creative thinking and talent. The work of Amir Khudoiberdi is one of such events in the history of national artistic thought, and in the works of the poet created in different genres, he expresses the life, dreams and will of the people in different socio-historical periods. The poet's tendency to create a holistic artistic history of the Uzbek people in the twentieth century is explained by the vast opportunities provided by independence, the end of ideological monopoly, the restoration of national values, the renewal of literary and aesthetic views, the translation of world literature into Uzbek. The transition from the depiction of things to the depiction of ideas has changed the content of artistic creation, while enriching the formal, semantic scale of artistic research.
Close acquaintance with world poetry has long served as one of the important factors in the renewal of our national literature, separated from its spiritual sources- religious and mystical literature, classical and modern literature. The content of the themes of emotional literature is characterized by a focus on the person, not directly on reality. The synthesis of world literary traditions can be seen in the works of Fakhriyor, Ulugbek Hamdam, Bahrom Ruzimuhammad, Farida Afroz, Nodira Afokova, Zebo Mirzaeva, Khosiyat Rustamova, Gozal Begim. Amir Khudoiberdi is also one of the poets of this literary generation who has his own creative credo and works in various genres. Any national literature manifests itself as a systematic, evolving stable phenomenon only in the harmony of different ideologies, styles, views, approaches, ideas, and even contradictions. Only then can it be a true metaphorical representation of being. Amir Khudoiberdi is one of the new generation of artists who lived in a complex and controversial period and saw and understood the subjective approaches to the literature of the Soviet era. A comprehensive scientific study of the creative style, individuality and mastery in the poetry of the independence period on the example of the work of a poet, the generalization of scientific and theoretical views on the poetry of this period gives important conclusions, this scientific research is the product of such a necessary need. In Uzbek literature, the works of Amir Khudoiberdi have not yet been comprehensively studied. The study of the poet’s work is also important in determining the influence, position, and place of local artists in literature. Also, the issue of art and literature, which is one of the means of spiritual and educational environment, education and their formation in our country, has always been in the forefront. Therefore, as the President of Uzbekistan Sh.M.Mirziyoev said: “...attention to literature and art, culture is first of all attention to our people, attention to our future, as our great poet Cholpon said, we have no right to forget that literature, culture and nation can live ”. This fact also determines the relevance of the topic.
Accordingly, this study is based on the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated February 7, 2017 No. PF-4947 "On the Strategy for further development of the Republic of Uzbekistan", dated September 13, 2017 No. PQ- 3271 "Development of the system of publishing and distribution of books. to a certain extent in the implementation of the tasks set out in the Resolution "On a comprehensive program of measures to improve and promote the culture of reading and reading" and other regulations related to this activity.
The analytical article determines the formation of trends, the main directions, prerequisites and factors that influence on the Uzbek-Japanese cooperation. The condition and prospects of its development are also revealed. An analytical study based on a systematic approach, where Uzbek-Japanese cooperation is considered as interconnected elements of modern international relations. This approach allowed to perceive the internal laws of the development of international relations of the Asian continent in which Uzbekistan is the leading element in Central Asia and Japan in the East. The application of the logical-historical approach gave a chance to disclose the content, nature and of dynamics of development of bilateral relations. Depicted the condition and practical action, Japan's interests in expanding cooperation. Relations in the spheres of trade, economy, the cultural and humanitarian contribute to the transformation of Central Asia into a stable developed economic space. In order to achieve the goals and objectives, the author thoroughly analytically processed the facts, events, processes, as well as the speeches of leaders, politicians who have effect on bilateral relations between Uzbekistan and Japan. The content of agreements, treaties, memorandums signed between the two countries is analyzed. The results of an analytical study show that, firstly, Japan is a strategic partner of Uzbekistan. This determines the priority and role in the relationships. There exist historical bilateral ties which have geopolitical and geostrategic meanings in international relationships in the Asian region. Secondly, bilateral cooperation is developing gradually and growing into a new stable stage which contributing to the emergence of a new level of relationships. The effective use of untouched potential of Japan, which contribute to the social and economic development of Central Asian states, will further contribute to the integration of the region into the system of trade, economic and transport of the world. In addition, these processes require systematic and strategic researches that identify and determine the prospects for the development of bilateral and multilateral relationships between Uzbekistan and Japan.
The quantitative content of flavonoids of the aerial part of the plant was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method, the quantitative content of vital macro-and microelements in the various vegetative organs of the plant was determined.
The current examination was done to assess the reaction of two gatherings of ocean growth of red ocean to winning ecological conditions. Absolute four ocean growth were chosen from two gatherings viz. (I) Red ocean growth (Rhodophyta): Gracilaria salicornia (Gs) and Digenea simplex (Ds); and (ii) Green kelp (Chlorophyta): Ulva reticulata (Ur) and Chaetomorpha linum (Cl). The exhibition of ocean growth was surveyed as far as photosynthetic shades (Chl a, Chl b, all out Chl content, Chl a: b proportion, phycocyanin and phycoerythrin), thiobarbituric corrosive responsive substances (Ski lifts), H2O2 content, aggregation of osmolytes (proline: Professional and glycine betaine: GB), exercises of cancer prevention agent chemicals (superoxide dismutase: Grass; peroxidase: POX; and catalase: Feline), and complete protein and carbs. The outcomes show that green ocean growth contain more elevated level of the relative multitude of photosynthetic colors with the exception of carotenoids, phycocyanin and phycoerythrin which were higher in red kelp. With respect to of cancer prevention agent proteins, red ocean growth show higher exercises of POX and Feline aside from Turf. Centralization of Star, GB and complete protein and carb were additionally higher in red ocean growth.
The article aims to analyze the main directions and objectives of the the Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan for 2022-2026, approved by the Decree of the President of the Republic ofUzbekistan dated January 28, 2022 PD-60, the role and place in youth life in the next 5 years, legal reforms in recent years, as well as the issues of working with young people, protecting and supporting their legitimate interests, supporting and encouraging gifted and talented youth, further improving the development of entrepreneurship among young people.The article analyzes the content of the concepts "The Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan", "Main directions and objectives of the Development Strategy", "Youth", "State Youth Policy" and the specifics of youth policy in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The author also examines the content of socio-legal reforms in the field of state youth policy in the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated February 7, 2017 No PD-4947 "On the Strategy for further development of the Republic of Uzbekistan." Based on the research, suggestions and recommendations are made.