In the article discussed the fungal plant diseases detected in cotton crops in our country and biological control measures against them. Studies have shown that the main pathogens of root rot in cotton are microscopic fungi Rhizoctonia solani, Thielariopsis basicola, Fuzarium spp, Pythium spp. are included.
According to the study, in terms of damage caused by seedling diseases, on average for the last 3 years, 22.6% of the cotton crop that died the highest of all diseases was caused by seedling diseases. In the second place, verticillosis mortality was 19.23%, cos sack rot was 19.1% and the lowest fusarium wilt mortality was 7.48%.
Based on the data obtained, it was concluded that the development of root rot diseases in cotton is caused by low soil and air temperatures, deeper sowing of seeds than recommended, hardening, excess moisture, poor loosening of the soil, contamination with pathogenic fungi.
The article discussed scientific research and chemical control measures aimed at the spread of fungi belonging to the genus Rhizoctonia in cotton crops in the country. As a result of research, the main pathogens of root rot in cotton are Rhizoctonia solani, Thielariopsis basicola, Fuzarium spp, Pythium spp. The laws of distribution of fungi and phytopathological methods for their study are given.
Based on the research data, small, then enlarging and deepening spots appear at the root collar of the grass or at the top of the main root. The causative agent of this type is Rhizoctonia solani Kuehn, which lives in the soil belonging to the order Mycelia steria. immature fungi have been found to infect cotton grass mainly in the root zone or the upper part of the main root in the conditions of Tashkent region.
This article is devoted to one of the main problems of not only surgery, but also medicine -sepsis. Despite the development of medicine and diagnostic methods, the issue of timely diagnosis of sepsis remains open. At the same time, about 30% of cases of sepsis remain without bacteriological confirmation. The most urgent problem is considered to be complex and surgical methods of sepsis treatment.
The scientific article provides information on the main fungal diseases of melons grown in the Kashkadarya region, the types of fungi identified and isolated from them. In Kashkadarya region, it was found that the pathogenic fungi isolated from melons belong to 24 species and 8 families.
Of these, 20 species and 7 families of melons and 17 species of fungi belonging to 2 families were identified in watermelon crops. Among the identified species, the most infested species of melons and watermelons were Alt.cucurbitae, Alt.cucumerina, B.cinerea, C.cucumerinum, F.gibbosum, F.moniliforme, F.solani, Peronoplasmopora cubensis, Thielaviopsis basicola, Verticillium dahliae.
In the paper are discussed questions of the search entomopathological fungi revealed from amazed worms of a cottonous columbine borer on sowings of a cotton plant and vegetable cultures is discussed. 20 species entomopathological fungi from 12 genuses, 3 families of fungi are as a result evolved. Revealed virulence of mycobiota has been checked.
From the presented data follows that percent of a lesion of worms wax ask in experience at artificial inoculation fluctuates in limens from 2 to 25 %. It is noticed that the destructionof worms in flow of 20 days was marked only in a case with strains of kinds Aspergillus fumigates (4 % - 2 worms were lost), Aspergillus flavus, Trichotecium roseum, Spicaria heliothis and Fusarium lateritium have invoked destruction of 2 %, (1 lost hexapod).
On the basis of the received data the conclusion has been drawn that the revealed kinds to some extent possess defined энтомопатогенными properties, but the yielded strains in a kind of weak virulence for hexapods cannot be applied in the practical purposes.
SUMMARY
In the general agricultural practice of cotton growing, the plants protection from harmful organisms is of particular importance. In the absence of measures against pests, crop losses can be 30% or more.
Cotton and tomatoes are susceptible to colonization of many harmful insects. In Uzbekistan, one of the main pests of cotton and tomatoes is the cotton bollworm. The biology of the cotton bollworm and its moth is currently well studied however, the pathogens of the moth’s disease have not been studied previously.
In the fight against the cotton bollworm of tomatoes that damage the harvest, together with agricultural and chemical measures and methods of biological control are now increasingly have being used. Currently, a significant role in plant protection belongs to the biological method of control, which is a powerful factor in increasing yields and product quality, reducing the use of pesticides and preventing environmental pollution with pesticides. The essence of the biological method consists in the purposeful use of antagonists which have developed in nature between pests of agricultural crops, their parasites and predators, as well as entomopathogens - pathogens of bacterial, fungal and viral pest diseases.
Many researchers have paid attention to the possibility of using entomopathogenic fungi. However, the existing requirements are forcing local specialists and scientists to continue the development, selection and implementation of new highly effective measures that best meet modern environmental requirements.
Entomopathogenic fungi attract the attention of specialists due to their possible use as a means of suppressing the pest population. Theoretically, they can influence pest populations, are able to reduce their numbers, and therefore are promising in biological pest control. In agricultural practice, about 40 drugs are used based on the use of the entomopathogenic properties of microorganisms (Kholmuradov et al., 2011). Due to the high severity of insect pests, great attention is paid to the selection and selection of highly active entomopathogenic microorganisms.
In Uzbekistan, the problem of the possibility of using entomopathogenic microorganisms was dealt with by such scientists as P.N. Golovin, who proposed using fungi to combat the comstock worm, who identified 19 species from 10 genera hyphal fungi and recommended the identified strains of the species Ashersonia placenta B. et Br. to combat greenhouse whitefly. The causative agents of locust diseases were studied by F. Gaffarov and N.Kh. Tufliev (2012). Also, the significance of this group of micromycetes was analyzed by professor A.Sh. Khamraev. Based on the main focus of our work is to study of hyphalic fungi in Uzbekistan, in this publication, we were interested primarily of entomopathogenic hyphalic fungi.
Вступлением человечества в новую стадию развития цивилизации, которое обострило проблемы его выживания. Это связано с рядом глобальных проблем, порожденных современностью или унаследованных от прошлого. По своему характеру глобальные проблемы современности различны: от угрозы ядерной войны, экологической катастрофы и до различных эпидемии. От растущего раскола мира на «богатые» и «бедные» страны до перспективы истощения традиционных и необходимости поиска новых источников энергии.
This article presents the results of our experiments in the farm “Shonli Dior Fayz” in the Buka district of Tashkent region, the results of studies on the occurrence, spread of white rot disease in sunflower, symptoms of the fungus pathogen, the harm of the disease and the biological effectiveness of the applied fungicides.
Due to the fact that none of the fungicides allowed for testing in the Republic of Uzbekistan was recommended for use against sunflower white rot disease, the recommended norms for other crops for diseases with white rot were tested.
Based on the biology of pathogens, fungicides were used as control measures: Fundazol 50% sp. - 2.0 kg / ha. and Difen super 55% sp - 0.25 kg / ha. and their biological efficiencies are determined
Ушбу мақолада объектларни ўрганишда тадқиқот дастурларининг турли методологик схемалари, турли хил билиш методлари қўлланиладиган гуманитар тадқиқотлардаги илмий парадигмалари ўрганилган.
Ushbu maqolada lalmi ekin maydonlaridan foydalanishning an’anaviy usullarini o’zgartirgan holda zamonaviy tarzda yondashish, samarali bo’lgan ekinlarni ekish va parvarishlash, lalmi yerlardan qanday qilib sug’oriladigan yerlardanda ko’proq daromad olish mumkin, lalmi hududlarda istiqomat qiluvchi aholining iqtisodiy jihatdan o’sishini ta’minlash haqida yoritib berilgan
The paper deals with the information about well known historian of Timurid’s period Hāfeze Abru and his historical essay «Zobdat al-tawārie Bāysonhori». This historical work is one of the main sources of the reign of Amir Timur and his son Shahrukh.
Ushbu maqolada oliy ta’limni boshqarishda qo‘llaniladigan metaloyihani amalga oshirishning asosiy bosqichlari o‘rgabilgan.