This study focuses on the mechanisms of financial support for land use in the country and the creation of a legal framework for protecting the legitimate interests of landowners, regulating contractual relations, and gratuitously disposing of crops.
The article substantiates the assessment methods, social factors, the taxation procedure and the conditions for the organization and features of the transfer of land as property to individuals and legal entities, and also the mechanisms for reforming the land use system based on sublease of land in farms, temporary use of a land plot or part of a dekhkan farm and the owner of the household land. Proposals have been developed to improve the economic and legal state of agricultural land use by introducing amendments and additions to the laws, substantiating the procedure for transferring the right of life-long inherited ownership of a land plot of a dekhkan farm and the owner of a household land as collateral for obtaining a bank loan.
SUMMARY
Today the world land fund is 13.4 billion ha, and only 1.5 billion ha, i.e. 11% of the land is economically favorable for agricultural production. Their quantity and quality is decreasing from year to year. The volume of cultivated land per capita is being reduced noticeably, the smallest amount of land is in China (0.09 ha) and Egypt (0.05 ha), in Uzbekistan over the past 25 years the area of irrigated crops per capita has decreased from 0.22 ha to 0.11 ha. Therefore, the main problem of the world land fund is reforming the land use system. In this regard, the implementation of Uzbekistan into the documents of such international organizations as the UN, UNESCO, FAO and the effective use of their capabilities is of current importance.
Deficiencies in land use management, incomplete formation of the economic mechanism, to a certain extent has led to unsystematic agricultural land use, serious degradation of land resources. The economic content of the right to land lease is unclear, there is no market value of land, the single land tax does not play a stimulating role in land use. Today in the agriculture of the republic there are 0.02% of the worst lands, 17.9% of the lands below the average, 53.0% of the average, 27.0% of the good and only 2.0% of the very good lands. About 9% of the land fund of Uzbekistan is sown areas, and irrigated lands - 7.5%. Today, there are an average of 7.1 people per hectare of irrigated land, this is the result of rapid population growth rates relative to the area of irrigated land, one person employed in the country's agriculture provides 12 people with food. This indicator in developed countries is 6-8 times higher.
In our opinion, issues related to the quality and cost assessment of land, their accounting and protection in dekhkan and household farms; cluster land use of farms, household and dekhkan farms; the introduction of a sublease form of land use by farms and the transfer of land for temporary use of household and dekhkan farms , while maintaining the inherited right of lifetime ownership of these lands; the introduction of a mechanism for providing by household and dekhkan farms the right of lifetime ownership of land for obtaining a bank loan; the creation of methodological and practical foundations for the privatization of land, investment, mortgage lending of this process; the development and implementation models of regulation of the land market by the state, “The National Concept for Reforming the Land Use System”, the draft Land Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the new edition, draft laws “On land management”, “On the use of land for agricultural purposes”, “On the acquisition of state land property”, “On soil fertility”, “On land assessment” should find their solution as one of the priority tasks of reforming the land use system in the future.
Ушбу мақолада учинчи ренессанс даврида қишлоқ хўжалигини инновацион ривожлантиришнинг устивор йўналишлари ва мамлакатимизда қишлоқ хўжалиги мулкий муносабатларининг бозор иқтисодиёти талабларига мос ташкил этилаётгани ва фермер хўжаликларининг ишлаб чиқаришни ташкил этиш-нинг асосий субъектлари сифатида фаолият юритишлари ёритиб берилган.
Ўзбекистонда тегишли институционал асослар ва етарли даражада ишлайдиган тартибга солиш тизимига эга кўчмас мулк бозорини яратиш мамлакатдаги ишбилармонлик муҳити ва иқтисодиётдаги инвестиция фаоллигига бевосита таъсир кўрсатадиган энг муҳим вазифалардан биридир.
Жамиятимиз ва иқтисодиётимизнинг шиддат билан ўзгариб ва ўсиб бораётган эҳтиёжларини қондириш ўз навбатида ер ислоҳотини амалга оширишни тақозо қилади. Зеро, бугунги кунда дунёда ер ислоҳоти билан боғлиқ кўплаб муаммолар кузатилмоқда. Масалан, ерларни қайта тақсимлашнинг кескинлашиши, ерлар иқтисодий унумдорлиги пасайишининг олдини олиш ва инвестицияларнинг тақчиллиги, ерлар деградациясини бошқаришда иқтисодий услубларнинг камлиги, қишлоқ хўжалиги ерларининг оборотдан чиқиб кетишининг олдини олиш шулар жумласидандир. Ерлар мелиоратив ҳолатининг бузилиши, эрозия, қурғоқчилик ва қум босиши, шўрланишнинг кучайиши, саноат ва транспорт қурилишлари, фойдали қазилмаларнинг очиқ тарзда ўзлаштирилиши, техноген омиллар натижасида ерларнинг оборотдан чиқарилиши жадаллашиб бормоқда. Натижада кўплаб мамлакатлардаги каби мамлакатимизда ҳам ер фондини сақлаб қолиш ва унинг таркибини тартибга солиш бўйича чора тадбирлар амалга оширилмоқда.
Мақолада мамлакатимизда ер ресурслари бўйича кадрлар тайёрлаш ва илмий-тадқиқот ишларини ислоҳотлар талабларига мос тарзда ташкил этиш муаммолари ва ушбу муаммоларнинг ечими ёритиб берилган.
Ushbu maqolada yer resurslarini boshqarish bilan bog‘liq ko‘plab muammolar to’grisida fikr yuritilgan. Yer resurslarini boshqarish nafaqat tadbirkorlar, investorlar, klasterlar, dehqon va fermer xo‘jaliklarining yerlardan samarali foydalanishiga, balki yangi ish o‘rinlari yaratish, kambag‘allikni qisqartirish, oziq-ovqat xavfsizligini ta’minlash, ishlab chiqarish raqobatdoshligini va eksport salohiyatini oshirish kabi eng muhim ustuvor masalalarni yechish kabi bir qator muommolar batafsil yoritilgan.
In this article we will talk about the current issues of land use, guarantees of land rights, issues of diversification of land use in the development of territories on the basis of the general scheme of diversification of land use in the regions of the district, which is becoming more relevant today
Ushbu maqolada lalmi ekin maydonlaridan foydalanishning an’anaviy usullarini o’zgartirgan holda zamonaviy tarzda yondashish, samarali bo’lgan ekinlarni ekish va parvarishlash, lalmi yerlardan qanday qilib sug’oriladigan yerlardanda ko’proq daromad olish mumkin, lalmi hududlarda istiqomat qiluvchi aholining iqtisodiy jihatdan o’sishini ta’minlash haqida yoritib berilgan
In this article the author analyzes the provisions of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan provides for liability for the deal against the interests of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The article also highlights the history of the establishment of criminal responsibility of the crime and the comparative analysis of foreign law.
This article covered the issues of fraud prevention, prevention of the act related to the acquisition of other people's property by deception or abuse of trust, the identity of the fraudster on the basis of statistical data and law enforcement practice, the relevant conclusions and proposals were developed.
Aholi punkti yerlari ma`lumotlarini yig’ish va uning hisobini yuritish juda murakkab jarayon bo’lib, hozirda zamonaviy texnologiyalardan foydalangan holda uni nazorat qilish va hisobini yuritish muhim ahamiyatga ega bo’lmoqda. Shu nuqtayi nazardan maqolada aholi punkti yerlari hamda foydalanuvchilarining hisobini olish muntazam ravishda monitoringini yuritish afzalliklaridan foydalanish yuzasidan tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan.