The article highlights the history of political relations between the Bukhara People's Soviet Republic and the Republic of Turkey in the 20s of the twentieth century. The government of the Young Bukharians headed by F. Khodjaev considered political relations with Turkey one of the important directions. The Turkish state was the first to recognize the independence of the BNSR and sent ambassadors to Bukhara. On the basis of archival documents, it is revealed that political relations between the two countries were not effective enough under the pressure of the Soviets.
The article examines the experience of Uzbekistan in preventing corruption in the private sector. It is determined that the negative factors of the spread of corruption among companies leads to a decrease in the competitiveness of the national economy, the quality of public administration, undermines the foundations of free competition, creates threats to the political stability and security of the country.
With the spread of corruption, the business climate and the quality of corporate governance deteriorate, the reputation of companies is undermined, and their investment attractiveness decreases.
In the markets of goods, works, services, negative selection is taking place, monopoly and protectionism are increasing. It was revealed that corruption in the private sector devalues democratic values, contributes to the spread of legal nihilism, permissiveness, money-grubbing, impunity, etc., causing significant harm to the interests of both society and the state, and the rights of citizens.
The thesis is substantiated that the most effective means of preventing corruption in the private sector is the introduction of anti-corruption compliance systems and the corresponding methods of their certification into its subjects. Based on the methods of a comparative study, measures have been identified to introduce anti-corruption compliance in business structures, as well as business entities with state participation.
It is determined that international universal, regional and special standards (UN, OECD, GRECO, ISO, etc.) have a significant impact on the development of national legislation and practice of law enforcement in this area. The thesis about the need to improve the legal foundations of the anti-corruption compliance system, the need to introduce institutions of responsibility of legal entities in Uzbekistan, prevent illegal lobbying activities, etc.
SUMMARY
The article examines the experience of Uzbekistan in preventing corruption in the private sector. It is determined that the negative factors of the spread of corruption among companies leads to a decrease in the competitiveness of the national economy, the quality of public administration, undermines the foundations of free competition, creates threats to the political stability and security of the country.
With the spread of corruption, the business climate and the quality of corporate governance deteriorate, the reputation of companies is undermined, and their investment attractiveness decreases. In the markets for goods, works, services, negative selection is taking place, monopoly and protectionism are increasing.
It was revealed that corruption in the private sector devalues democratic values, contributes to the spread of legal nihilism, permissiveness, money-grubbing, impunity, etc., causing significant harm to the interests of both society and the state, and the rights of citizens.
In order to eradicate corruption in all spheres of society, Uzbekistan is improving the appropriate legal, institutional and organizational measures. The Law "On Combating Corruption" adopted on the initiative of the President of Uzbekistan dated 03.01.2017. In addition to measures to prevent corruption in the field of public administration, he identified as measures to prevent corruption in the field of socio-economic development and entrepreneurship:
elimination of administrative and bureaucratic barriers, simplification and increase in the efficiency of registration, permitting and licensing procedures;
optimization of the control and supervisory functions of state bodies, improvement of the system of inspections of the activities of business entities, prevention of illegal interference in their activities;
widespread introduction of remote forms of relationships between government bodies and business entities;
creating equal conditions for doing business and preventing unfair competition;
introduction of effective legal mechanisms for public procurement, ensuring publicity, transparency and maintaining a competitive environment in the placement of public procurement;
creation of fair conditions and equal opportunities for the population in the field of education, health care, social security, public services and other areas of social and economic development, prevention of corruption offenses;
introduction of effective anti-corruption mechanisms in non-governmental organizations, etc.
The thesis is substantiated that the most effective means of preventing corruption in the private sector is the introduction of anti-corruption compliance systems and the corresponding methods of their certification into its subjects.
On the basis of comparative research methods, measures have been identified to introduce anti-corruption compliance in business structures, as well as business entities with state participation.
In order to improve the efficiency of the anti-corruption system, create the most favorable business climate, promote a positive image of the country in the international arena, by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On measures to further improve the anti-corruption system in the Republic of Uzbekistan” No. UP-5729 dated 05/27/2019. the State Anti-Corruption Program for 2019-2020 was approved, which provided for strengthening anti-corruption measures in organizations with a state share in the authorized capital by: introducing a system of anti-corruption “compliance control” and monitoring its effectiveness, еnsuring internal order in accordance with the relevant anti-corruption standard (ISO 37001), as well as introducing special anti-corruption measures in the private sector, ensuring strict measures and control procedures, ensuring strict ethical rules when participating in public procurement, encouraging collective anti-corruption actions of businesses.
In order to improve the investment attractiveness and strengthen the image of our country in the international arena, introduce new mechanisms for working with ratings and indices in state bodies and organizations, by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On improving the position of the Republic of Uzbekistan in international ratings and indices, as well as introducing a new mechanism of systematic work with them in government agencies and organizations ”No. UP-6003 dated 02.06.2020. the Republican Council for work with international ratings and indices was created.
Republican Council for improving the position of the Republic of Uzbekistan in socio-economic, political and legal international ratings and indices 06/13/2020 the program of measures to improve the position of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the socio-economic, political and legal international ratings and indices was approved.
In order to increase the effectiveness of state policy aimed at preventing and combating corruption in all spheres of society and the state 29.06. In 2020, the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On additional measures to improve the anti-corruption system in the Republic of Uzbekistan” No. UP-6013 was adopted
In accordance with the Decree, the Anti-Corruption Agency of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the National Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Combating Corruption were created.
It is determined that international universal, regional and special standards (UN, OECD, GRECO, ISO, etc.) have a significant impact on the development of national legislation and practice of law enforcement in this area. The thesis about the need to improve the legal foundations of the anti-corruption compliance system, the need to introduce institutions of responsibility of legal entities in Uzbekistan, prevent illegal lobbying activities, etc.
The article outlines the evolutionary views of Uzbek ethnogenesis and ethnic history. Historical, ethnographical, archaeological, anthropological, linguistic scientific literature, their concepts and the methodology of historian scientists have not been studied in whole or in part on the ethnogenesis and ethnic history of the Uzbek people. This scientific article is a scientific research, which explores the topic in detail and encourages to the scientific reasoning and research. The article reflects monographs, articles, published in various publications and press releases of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Particularly, scientific researches conducted by historians such as A. Yu. Yakubovsky, S. Tolstov, A. A. Semeyonov, B. A. Litvinsky, K. Sh. Shoniyazov, A. Askarov, Rakhim Masov and others, their views and its basis were given in the article. During years of the independence, scientists have conducted scientific research on the ethnogenesis and ethnic history of the Uzbek people, its gradual intensification and prosperity. In the works of Jabborov new findings on ethnogenesis and ethnic history of the Uzbek people on the basis of written sources and partly archeological findings have been made. А. А. Askarov, T. K. Hodjaev and other’s works have studied not only ethnogenesis, but also ethnic history issues on the basis of archaeological and anthropological research. The research of Uzbek anthropologists enriched the ethnogenesis of Uzbeks and proved the truthfulness of the findings of historians, ethnographers and archeologists. This article demonstrates the objective approach in the coverage of the ethnogenesis of the Uzbek people can be clearly seen and their analysis is understandable.
Парентеральное питание (ИИ) — наиболее сложный и технологичный вариант клинического питания, осуществляемый путем внутривенного введения в организм питательных веществ. Оно предназначено для больных, у которых невозможно или недостаточно применение других способов питания и занимает высшую ступень в иерархии вариантов клинического питания, поскольку считается наиболее сложным как по технике проведения, так и по разнообразию принятия решений при его назначении в клинической практике у наиболее тяжелого контингента больных. Одной из основных причин смерти у пациентов при полиорганной недостаточьности, является развитие иммунного и воспалительного ответа. Ряд исследований показал снижение тяжести и частоты развития септических осложнений, у пациентов на энтеральном питании, после тяжелых механических и термических травм, после объёмных оперативных вмешательств, также оно позволяет сохранять и поддерживать барьерную функцию кишечника, что предотвращает транслокацию микрофлоры. Исходя из вышесказанного, можно предположить, что энтеральное питание будет иметь положительный эффект и на течение при полиорганной недостаточьности.
This textbook presents the formation of the digital economy, its technological foundations, the formation of the digital economy in the world and in Uzbekistan, the processes of using digital technologies in higher education and statistics. In addition, national and international cyber security, electronic government, digital democracy, transition from electronic government to digital state in conditions of digital transformation, prospects of digital state in Uzbekistan and risks that may arise in digital transformation processes are described. It is recommended as a textbook for undergraduate students of higher educational institutions in our republic. It is also intended for specialists, professors, teachers, researchers, graduate students and readers interested in the field of digital economy in economic sectors.
The article analyzes the state and prospects of the institutionalization of diaspora politics and diplomacy in relation to compatriots in foreign countries and Uzbekistan.
Analysis of this problem has shown that in a number of foreign countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Israel, Mexico, Poland, Turkey, Croatia, Serbia, etc., diaspora politics and diplomacy are called upon to play a leading role in strengthening the internal consolidation of foreign communities and the development of their potential in the countries of residence The success of its advancement in the political sphere of the country of residence and the possibility of creating lobbying structures directly depend on the nature and intensity of support of the ethnic community by the mother state.
The most influential diasporas have a close relationship with the ethnic homeland, which, as a rule, is realized through state support of the diaspora from the homeland, as well as through the support of the mother state itself from the ethnic diaspora.
At the present stage, further institutionalization of the diaspora policy of Uzbekistan in relation to compatriots abroad in the following areas is relevant:
Establishment of a specialized agency to support the Uzbek diaspora abroad, the Uzbek Agency for International Development, legal formalization of the strategic priorities of diaspora policy, the establishment of specialized information and cultural centers named after S. A.Navoiy in the structure of the republic's diplomatic missions abroad, establishing constructive cooperation with national-cultural associations of Uzbeks functioning in foreign countries, etc
Injuries to the upper urinary tract occur in 63–84% of shoulder injuries. In terms of the incidence of rotator cuff injuries, it ranks third (16%) after diseases of the spine (23%) and knee joint (19%). In the Samarkand Branch of the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, 66 patients (41 men, 25 women) were operated openly (from 2014 to 2020) with a diagnosis of chronic damage to the tendons of the rotator cuff of the shoulder, combined contracture of the shoulder joint. The average age of the patients was 58 years. In 16 patients (24.2%), the causes of damage to the rotator cuff were injuries of various mechanisms, and in 50 patients (75.8%). Excellent results were obtained in 38 patients (57.5%). A good result was obtained in 25 patients (37.8%). An unsatisfactory result was obtained in 3 patients (4.7%)
The article discusses the experience of foreign countries in the use of digital technologies in combating corruption. It was determined that in a number of foreign countries, along with already approved technologies (e-government, information and crowdsourcing platforms), modern information technologies are being actively introduced, such as: technologies for processing large amounts of data (Big Data), distributed ledger (DLT), blockchain, data mining (Data Mining), intellectual analysis in the field of anti-corruption in public procurement, analytical tools for auditors (Forensic Tools), electronic verification systems for declarations of income, expenses, assets and interests of civil servants, electronic anti-corruption technologies in the implementation of the electoral process, etc. ...
It has been determined that the benefits of digitalization can only be realized with the appropriate infrastructures, regulations, financial resources and personnel trained in ICT.
It has been substantiated that the processes of digitalization of law enforcement activities contribute to an increase in the effectiveness of the anti-corruption policy, ensure its effectiveness, objectivity, reduce the cost of maintaining law and order, and minimize the influence of the human factor in this area.
It is noted that technologies based on neural networks and decentralized, synchronized databases will fundamentally change the nature of public administration and can significantly reduce the risks of corruption offenses in the future
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Сизларни “Ўзбекистонда ер ресурсларини бошқаришнинг устувор йўналишлари: муаммо ва ечимлар” мавзусидаги халқаро илмий-амалий конференцияда кўриб турганимдан бағоят хурсандман, хуш келибсизлар.
Важным фактором эффективности проведения лечебно реабилитационных мероприятий, является отношение пациента к болезни. Качество ремиссий, а следовательно, и уровень жизни больного, зависит во многом от комплаентности и общей приверженности терапии. Наличие сопутствующих заболеваний, в частности для больных шизофренией, может оказывать существенное влияние как на клиническую картину, так и на форму отношения пациента к лечебному процессу в целом.