The aim of the research work is to improve the results of surgical treatment of chronic anterior-medial dislocations of the radial head in children based on the improvement of the method of surgical treatment.
The object of the study was 83 patients with chronic antero-medial dislocations of the head of the radius, treated in the department of the consequences of childhood injuries of the Samarkand branch of the RSSPMC of Traumatology and Orthopedics for the period 2017-2020. The scientific novelty of the research work is the following: it is proved by histological examination that, in case of injuries from up to 1 month ago, the anterior wall of the joint capsule is thin and elastic, which is easily stretched, and from 3 months ago, it thickens, scars and forms fibrous tissue; the possibility of using a fibrous-modified joint capsule for annular ligament plasty in the surgical treatment of chronic antero-medial dislocations of the radial head from 3 months ago was proved; the tactics of surgical treatment of chronic antero-medial dislocations of the head of the radius depending on the deformity of the bones of the forearm were determined; a direct relationship between the results of surgical treatment of chronic antero-medial dislocations of the head of the radius, depending on the duration of the injury, has been proven.
The introduction of research results. Based on the obtained scientific results on the optimization of surgical treatment of chronic antero-medial dislocations of the radial head in children:
based on the results of the development of a method for annular ligament plasty, a patent for an invention was obtained from the Intellectual Property Agency of the Russian Federation “A method for the surgical treatment of chronic anterior medial dislocation of the radial head in children by capsuloplasty according” (patent № 2749870 dated 06/17/2021). The results obtained made it possible to improve the results of surgical treatment, to reduce the period of penetration in the hospital and after the surgical rehabilitation period; based on the results of scientific research on the surgical treatment of chronic anterior medial dislocations of the radial head, the guidelines “Surgical treatment of chronic dislocations of the radial head in children” were approved (Conclusion of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan 8 n-z / 81 dated February 21, 2022). The results obtained have improved the quality of early diagnosis and treatment of patients with chronic anterior medial dislocations of the radial head in children; based on the results of scientific research on the surgical treatment of chronic antero-medial dislocations of the head of the radius, the methodological recommendations “Conclusion of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan 8 n-z / 289 of August 31, 2021” were approved. The results obtained have improved the quality of early diagnosis and treatment of patients with chronic anterior medial dislocations of the radial head in children;
Scientific results have been introduced into the practice of healthcare (Conclusion of the Ministry of Health 08-32955 of October 24, 2022), in particular, the Samarkand branch of the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Traumatology and Orthopedics, the Bukhara branch of the Republican Scientific Center for Emergency Medical Care, and the Samarkand Regional Children's Multidisciplinary Medical Center. The proposed method for the treatment of chronic anterior-medial dislocations of the radial head in children allowed to reduce the frequency of relapses, increase excellent and good results from 75.6% to 92.9%.
The structure and scope of the dissertation. The dissertation consists of an introduction, 5 chapters, conclusion, conclusions, practical recommendations, a list of references and applications. The volume of the dissertation is 109 pages.
Ку-иситмаси коксиеллалар келтириб чиқарадиган, полиморф клиникали, табиий ўчоқли, зооноз, юқиш йўллари хилмахиллиги билан характерланувчи юқумли касалликдир.
The aim of the research work is to improve the results of treatment of patients with combined injuries of the pelvis and femur, by developing tactical and technical aspects based on the severity of the injury and the severity of the condition.
The object of the study was 130 patients with injuries of the pelvic and hip bones with concomitant trauma, treated at the Republican Scientific Center for Emergency Medical Aid and its Samarkand branch for the period 2016-2021 years.
The scientific novelty of the research work is the following: the structure and frequency of combined injuries of the pelvis and femur in the general structure of injuries, in the structure of injuries to the pelvis and femur separately were evaluated. the risk factors for the development of unsatisfactory results of treatment of concomitant injuries of the pelvis and hip, based on traditional clinical and diagnostic standards, have been determined; a direct relationship has been proven in the dynamics of the condition of the victims and the prognosis, taking into account the type and nature of segmental injuries; the device for external fixation for stable functional minimally invasive osteosynthesis has been improved and the possibility of expanding the indications for surgical treatment for combined injuries of the pelvis and hip in the early period of traumatic disease has been proved; the technical advantages of a complete set of an improved rod device for external fixation have been proved, the pelvic and femoral versions of which make it possible to use them for effective stabilization of the pelvis and hip separately during anti-shock measures, and for the final reposition of bone fragments; the direct dependence of treatment results on the proposed tactics of providing trauma care at an early hospital stage, depending on the type, nature, severity of pelvic and hip injuries, and the severity of the condition has been proved.
The introduction of research results. Based on the results of scientific research to improve the surgical aspects of providing assistance to victims with concomitant injuries of the pelvis and femur: based on the results of the development of a device for the treatment of fractures, a patent for an invention was obtained from the Intellectual Property Agency of the Russian Federation "Apparatus for the treatment of combined fractures of the pelvic and hip bones" (patent No. 2749897 dated 06/18/2020). The results obtained made it possible to improve the tactics of surgical treatment of patients, to shorten the period of hospitalization and the period of postoperative rehabilitation, to ensure the possibility of patients with minimal economic costs; on the basis of the results of scientific research on the diagnosis and treatment of concomitant injuries of the pelvic and femur bones, methodological recommendations were approved "Method for the treatment of victims with concomitant injuries of the pelvis and hip, depending on the severity" (Conclusion of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 8 n-z / 288 dated August 31, 2021 of the year). The results obtained made it possible to improve the quality of wound diagnosis and rehabilitation of patients with injuries of the pelvic and hip bones in concomitant injury; approved methodological recommendations "Tactics of rendering assistance to victims with combined injuries of the pelvis and hip, taking into account the severity of the condition" (Conclusion of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 8 n-z / 288 of August 31, 2020). The results obtained made it possible to improve the tactical and technical aspects in the treatment of injuries to the pelvic and hip bones, based on the severity of the injury and the severity of the patient's condition.
Scientific results have been introduced into the practical activities of healthcare, in particular, the Samarkand branch of the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, the Jizzakh Branch of the Republican Scientific Center for Emergency Medical Aid, the Samarkand branch of the Republican Scientific Center for Emergency Medical Aid (certificate of the Ministry of Health No. 08-09 / 18979 dated December 02, 2021). The proposed tactics for the treatment of combined injuries of the pelvis and femur made it possible to reduce the incidence of postoperative complications of excellent and good long-term functional results from 66.1% to 92.6%.
The structure and scope of the dissertation. The dissertation consists of an introduction, five chapters, conclusions, practical recommendations, a list of referencesand applications. The volume of the text material of the work is 111 pages.
Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. Development of science and intensification of all branches of national economy and also introduction of new technogenic processes of production have resulted in antropogenic influence of industrial activity of man on the environment and ecological equilibrium According to the data of regional evaluation of stable toxical compounds in the countries of the European Counsel the highest concentrations of Pb, Cd and Hg in the environment have been noted in the Ukraine (Pb-31,02; Cd-54, Hg-36 ton/year).Release of heavy metals to the environment for Russia equaled Pb-50%; Cd-66%; Hg-37% and in some others countries: Pb-10%,Cd-21%,Hg-58%,.Short analysis of the situation interms of these tree toxical metals has shown the level of antropogenic throwings of heavy toxical metals(HTM).The biggest part of HTM finding with throwings released to the atmosphere thrown out on soil and in waters of the country being the-surce the release and then they accumulate in neighbouring countries .
At presente time in the Republic of Uzbekistan the level of manufacture is rapidly growing and this results in the increase of the concervation of HTM compared with global scale of some natural processes. The most dangerous for the health of population are the non-essencial elements (Hg, Cd, Pb, As) . For this reason the monitoring of pollutions of objects of environment especialy HTM has acquired special importance and actuality. Qualitative and quantitative determination of ions of HTM has acquired important and necessary demands and has pulled out before analysts and ecologists the task of elaboration of express sensitive and selective methods of determination of microquantities of these elements which are dangerous toxicants, cancerogens and mutagens.
In this regard in the process protection of objects of the environment it is important and necessary to determinetion precise concentrations of HTM by different physical, chemical and physico-chemicals methods. For the practical realization of this problem at chemical analysis it is necessary to improve perfection existing methods analysis and elaborationof new modern methods ecotoxicants monitoring (espessially HTM). In the aspect of realization of theoretical prerequisites and practical confirmation of analytical determination of ecotoxicants concentrations it is necessary to elaborate some new hybrid methods with immobilization of different complexe-forming reagents on polymeric bearers and matrixes differing by high meteological and operation parameters.
Existing actual problems can be solved by introducing to the analytical practices of the methods of HTM determination of some new selective and specific organic reagents.The most perspective way of their solution is the purposeful synthesis and immobilization of new organic reagents with some definite analytical characteristics with following forecast of their properties with the aim of the optimal solving of the given tasks.
Elaboration of methods and approaches of prognosis as method of further development of sorbtion-spectroscopical method of analysis is an actual problem .In this range of theoretical and applied analytical chemistry there are considerable achivments bonding with investigations of home and forcing investigators ,but row of questions of problematical character has demanded of deep investigation and knowledges of new approaches and methods of their decision.
It is known that theory of action of OR is characterized as “system of ideas” allow ing to construct of some analytical system to find optimal by nature reagent and medium in which analytical reaction will carried out .In decision of some taskes of development of theory of OR action the fallowing stages neussarg to take into acconnl:”esplantion of observe processes and phenoments:prediction and direction works by synthesis of reagents with given properties .’’Thus the elaborated methodology and predication of properties of immobilized analytical reagents can be consider as definite seintific contribution in development of theory of action of IMOR for their using in analytical chemistry and ecology.
Purpose of research is elaboration of express, high-sensitive sorbtion-spectroscopical methods and test-systems of HTM determination with using of IMOR. Elaboration on the base of these methods some general approach to prognosis of properties and construction of specifical analytical grouos in organic reagents immobilized on different types of bearers synthesis of new organic reagents with given up properties on the base of our theretical prognosisesand introduction of them in practice of analysis of different analytical and ecological laboratories.
To achieve this goal the following tasks of research is solved: -optimization of immobilization conditions of organic reagents with preservation of their analytical properties; determination of mechanism of coloured reactious of complex-formation of immobilized organic reagents with ions of HTM;
-determination of connection between structure of OR and their analytical characteristics; prognosis of some perspective ways of their modification and directed synthesis of new specifical reagents on the base of nitronaphtols;
-analytical groups (EAG): (6-methyl-pyridil-2-azo-aminophenol; l-(5-methyl -2-pyridilfzo )-5-diethglaminophenol ;l-(4-antipyridilazo) -2-napthol sulphoacid; 1-(2-pyridilazo)-2-oxynaphtalin-6-sulphoacid sodlium; 3-hydroxy-4-nitrozo-2-naphtoic acid;2-hydroxiy -3-nitrozo naphtaldehyde and others);
-determination of influence of different factors and parameters on value of the analytical signal ;wing of elaborated methods in analysis of different by nature model binary ,triple and more complex mixtabiological objects industrial materials
-comparison of obtained results with results obtained by existing methods of determination of the investisated metals in solution.
Scientific novelty of disscrtational research consists in the following:
-Immobilization of different by nature reagents for prognosis and prediction of optimal construction of some OR based on quantum-chemical value of changing of analytical characteristics in dependence on structure of the functional and analytical-active groups has been theoretically based and practically has been realized;
-Chemico-analytical properties of OR immobilized on bearers on the base of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polypropylene (PP) for apriory prediction of structure of different OR and elaboration on their base an optical chemical sensors on the base PAN and PP-matrixes having some necessary analytical parameters;
Conclusion
1. Litrature date about using fiber sorbents and ion-exchanging on their base for determination of HTM cations at analysis objects of environment have been summarized. Advantages of using of fiber sorbents in comparison with their using as granule and powder have been shown. Necessarily of search of new immobilized reagents for determination metals in different objects was ground.
2. New scientific trend in analytical chemistry based on the sorbtion-spectroscopical determination of HTM in different objects of enviroment with using immobilized on fiber material organical reagents of different nature with aim of improvment of metrological parameters, exploitational and analytical parameters was developed.
3. Pysico-chemical and analytical properties of immobilized reagents on the base of reagents Arsenaza and threephenylmethan row and also synthesized on the department of organical chemistry NUUz sorbited on the fiber “Nitron” were systematically investigated. Optimal conditions of immobilization of new reagents on some polymeric bearers with preservation of theirspecifical analytical properties were determined.
4. 1R- spectroskopical investigation of immobilized reagents of fiber sorbents and their complexes with cations of HTM was carriedout. It was proved that in complex-formation of HTM ions with immobilized reagents the same functional analytical groups participated as in case of native solutions.
5. Results of investigations of interaction of reagents group Arsenazo and theephenylmethanic raw and also reagents synthesized on the derailment of inorganical and analytical chemistry of chemical faculty ofNUUz immobilized on marix on the base of PAN and PP-fibers with ions of HTM have shown that their immobilization was carried out owing to ionic changing and also formation of strong intermolecular hydrogenous bonds with bearers.
6. Using of calculating quant- chemical methods such as EMN, MNDO, RMZ and AM-1 has allowed in apriori to predict the structures of different rengents having some necessary analytical parameters (sensibility, contrastion of reactions and conditions of their carring out).
7. On the base on comparison optimal conditions of immobilization, sorbtion, degree of extraction of metals ions, coefficients of distribution, sorbtion capasity of fiber sorbents, data about sensibility of the analytical action occording to ions Cd, Hg, Cu and Fe in presence of accompanying elements, possibilities of quantitative desorption by small volumes of mineral acids and accessibility of initialcompounds it is shown an perspective of practical using of synthesized reagents and fiber sorbents. Immobilized reagents quantitativly have extracted ions of metals during 20-30 min at temperature 20-25°C in pH diapazone 3-7 (R=90-99%).
8. Coplex of methods of solidphase - spectroshopical and visually-testing determination of HTM in natural objects and samples of sewage and also new effective method of sorbtion - spectroskopical determination of Co,Cu, Cu, Ni, Fe and Hg in drinking and natural waters with using of immobilized organical reagent has been elaborated . This sorbtion - spectroskopical method has allowed to determine abovementioned metals in drinking and natural waters on the level n x 10-6 - n x 10'3 % and also to decrease the limitof their determination . Rightness of elaborated methods was proved by method “introduced - determined” at analysis of some real abjects and also by comparison with data obtained by atom -absorbtion method.
9. Elaborated methods were aprobated at analysis of real objects and were introduced in practics of laboratories by investigation of surface waters NYSMY; SES (sanepidemic station) of Tashkent region and Bekabad; department of radiopreparates of INP (Institute of nucleur physies) and others. Some obtained experimental data have been introduced in educational process at reading of lectures , carring out seminars and labaratory works with bachelors and masters by courses : “Analysis of environment objects”; “Optical methods of analysis “ ; “Physical methods of analysis “ ; “ Metrology statistics and computer in analytical chemistry” on the departments ofNUUz ; SamSU; Term.SV Tash.Pharm.1.
The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of a complex therapeutic approach, which included retrobulbar catheterisation and magnetic stimulation of the optic nerve, in patients with ChASN of diverse aetiologies. This was achieved by analysing the clinical and functional characteristics of the eye in these patients.
The methodology employed in this study is outlined below. A total of 105 patients (155 eyes) with a diagnosis of partial optic nerve atrophy of different genesis (PAN) were included in the study. These patients received conventional treatment, treatment by the method of retrobulbar catheterisation, as well as the method of retrobulbar catheterisation combined with MS for 10 days. The dynamics of OD, visual field parameters, electrophysiological studies, ophthalmoscopy and ultrasound Dopplerography were investigated.
The results demonstrated that the combined method of treatment was more effective than the conventional method alone. The analysis of the obtained data indicates that the effectiveness of the proposed methods of treatment depends on the degree of MN destruction. Therefore, the treatment is more effective in the second degree of ChASN. However, in the group of patients treated by the combined method, the efficiency is equally high in both the second and third degrees of ChASN.
The data on the dynamics of visual acuity of patients with II stage of ChASN during treatment indicates that if in the group of patients treated by the traditional method the effect was observed in only 64.3% of cases, in the group of patients treated by the method of retrobulbar catheterisation the efficiency was observed in 89.3%.
The efficacy of the combined method of retrobulbar catheterisation in combination with MS in treating patients with ChASN was also demonstrated by the observed improvement in OZ in comparison with the control group. In this group, the effectiveness of the treatment was 90.9%.
The visual field boundaries in patients with the II degree of ChASN of the II and III main groups expanded in comparison with the control group by more than 51-60° in the periphery. The number of absolute central and paracentral scotomas decreased in comparison with the control group by 4.7 and 5 conventional units.
In the group of patients with ChASN stage III, the borders of the visual field in groups II and III, in comparison with the control group, exhibited a peripheral widening of 69° and 70°. The number of scotomas decreased by 6 and 11.6 conventional units in comparison with group I.
The ocular fundus condition under the proposed methods of treatment underwent the following changes due to the short period of observation (2-3 weeks): dilation of CAC vessels, reduction of capillary tortuosity, reduction of retinal oedema, as well as appearance of foveal and macular reflexes distinctness.
The data from ultrasound Dopplerography demonstrated a significant improvement in haemodynamic parameters in the central artery of the retina (CAC) in patients with central artery syndrome of different aetiology in the early stages following treatment. An improvement in systolic pressure indices was observed. In each case of the examined patients, an improvement in haemodynamic resistance index (Ri) towards normalisation was revealed. Consequently, there was a significant increase in diastolic pressure.
Purpose of the study: to evaluate the results of complex therapy including retrobulbar catheterization and magnetic stimulation of the optic nerve in patients with ChASN of different genesis by studying clinical and functional features of the eye in this case.
Methods. 105 patients (155 eyes) with the diagnosis: partial optic nerve atrophy of different genesis (PAN) received conventional treatment, treatment with the method of retrobulbar catheterization, as well as with the method of retrobulbar catheterization in combination with MS for 10 days. The dynamics of OD indicators, visual field, electrophysiological studies, ophthalmoscopy and ultrasound Dopplerography were investigated.
Results. The analysis of the obtained data indicates that the effectiveness of the proposed methods of treatment depends on the degree of MN destruction, so the treatment is more effective in the 11th degree of ChASN. However, in the group of patients treated by the combined method the efficiency is equally high both at II and III degrees of ChASN.
According to the data of visual acuity dynamics in patients with II stage of Chasnosis in the course of treatment it follows that if in the group of patients treated by the traditional method the effect was observed only in 64,3% of cases, in the group of patients treated by the method of retrobulbar catheterization the efficiency was observed in 89,3%.
The dynamics of the ocular fundus state under the proposed methods of treatment due to the short period of observation (2-3 weeks) underwent the following changes: dilation of CAC vessels, reduction of capillary tortuosity, reduction of retinal edema, as well as the appearance of foveal and macular reflexes distinctness. The data of ultrasound Dopplerography indicate a significant improvement of hemodynamic parameters in the CAC in patients with ChASN of different genesis in early terms after treatment. Improvement of systolic pressure indices was noted. In each case of the examined patients the improvement of hemodynamic resistance index Ri towards normalization was revealed. Accordingly, there was a significant increase in diastolic pressure, indicating the strengthening of elastic-elastic properties of vessels under the influence of treatment.
In our opinion, the improvement of hemodynamic parameters after the course of the proposed method of treatment is associated with an increase in the volume of the microcirculatory channel in the area of direct influence on MN by retrobulbar catheterization and MS.
In modern abdominal surgery, one of the current areas for research continues to be the improvement of various options for plastic surgery of postoperative hernias. More than 2,100,000 operations for ventral hernia are performed annually in the world, and 42% of them are postoperative hernias. In recent years, there has been a clear trend toward the expanded use of various types of biological meshes in hernioplasty. “A pooled analysis of seven PCSTAR studies for incisional hernias using retromuscular mesh showed a hernia recurrence rate of 5.7%”[1]. The use of standard surgical interventions such as alloplasty in the onlay position does not solve the problem of early postoperative complications: seroma discharge, mesh migration, adhesive disease, high frequency of hernia recurrence, etc. At the same time, hernia repair with local tissue creates the problem of increased intra-abdominal pressure and late complications in the form of recurrent hernias. “An increase in postoperative intra-abdominal pressure leads to multiple organ failure, then abdominal compartment syndrome, and even death.” [2]. Currently, there is no consensus on the surgical approach for giant postoperative abdominal wall hernias, and therefore the need to continue to develop new technologies and improve There is no doubt about the tactics. In world practice, at present, the most relevant studies continue to be studies aimed at studying the morphological and functional aspects of recurrent postoperative ventral hernias; electron microscopy reveals ultrastructural destructive changes in skin cells, aponeurosis and muscles, which indicates morphofunctional insufficiency of abdominal wall tissues; issues of cell engineering are discussed new innovative materials, experimental studies are being carried out on animals testing the biotechnical properties, texture and elasticity of new polymers, research is being conducted on open approaches with division of the posterior component with the release of the transverse abdominis muscle and a retrograde mesh, robotic operations have begun. Modern aspects of the development of domestic healthcare include many measures aimed at improving the results of treatment of patients with postoperative ventral hernias and associated pathological conditions through the introduction of modern principles of intensive care and surgical tactics. The development strategy of New Uzbekistan for 2022-2026 in seven priority areas includes tasks to improve the quality of provision of qualified medical services to the population[3]. The implementation of these tasks, including by optimizing tactical and technical approaches to the choice of hernioplasty method, as well as the development of methods for the prevention of purulent-inflammatory complications in the field of alloplastic material, is one of the current areas of abdominal surgery and medicine in general, due to the high medical and social the significance of this pathology.
This dissertation research to a certain extent serves to fulfill the tasks approved by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On comprehensive measures to radically improve the healthcare system of the Republic of Uzbekistan” No. UP-5590 dated December 17, 2018, the Resolutions of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On measures to transform the surgical service, improving the quality and expanding the scale of surgical operations in the regions" for No. PP-5254 dated October 4, 2021 and "On additional measures to ensure public health by further increasing the efficiency of medical prevention work" for No. PP-4891 dated November 12, 2020, and as well as other regulatory documents adopted in this area. Compliance of the research with the priority directions of development of science and technology of the republic. The dissertation research was carried out in accordance with the priority direction of development of science and technology of the VI Republic “Medicine and Pharmacology”. Review of foreign scientific research on the topic of the dissertation.[4] Research work aimed at improving the quality of therapeutic and preventive care for patients with ventral hernias, carried out by many leading scientific centers and higher educational institutions in the world, including the Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå (Sweden), Department of Surgery, Kingston General Hospital, 76 Stuart Street, Kingston (Sweden). nada), Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki ( Finland), Service de chirurgie digestive et oncologique, CHU d'Amiens (France), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Tulsa (USA), Department of Surgery, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington (USA) , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (Singapore), Department of Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; University of Calgary, Calgary (Canada), Division of Plastic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia (USA), Brigham and Women's/Faulkner Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (USA) , Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala (Sweden), Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston (USA), Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam (Netherlands), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka (Japan), National Medical Research Center for Surgery named after A.V. Vishnevsky" (Russia), Republican Scientific Center for Emergency Medical Care (Uzbekistan), Tashkent Medical Academy (Uzbekistan), Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Surgery named after Academician V. Vakhidov (Uzbekistan).
As a result of studies conducted around the world to increase the effectiveness of alloplasty for postoperative ventral hernias and reduce the risk of complications in the postoperative period, a number of scientific results were obtained, including: it was determined that patients who underwent reconstruction of the abdominal wall have an increased risk of postoperative respiratory failure, understanding the epidemiology of this complication can improve prevention (the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, USA); It has been proven that the larger the hernia, the higher the risk of early surgical complications, including such as respiratory decompensation, since hernias often increase in size over time, delaying surgery can lead to an increase in the size of the hernia and, therefore, a greater risk of complications (CentreforDigestiveDiseases, KarolinskaUniversityHospital, Stockholm, Sweden); it has been shown that the ratio of the hernia volume to the volume of the abdominal cavity <20% is an independent factor in tension-free closure, which justifies the interest in preoperative volumetry to adapt the tactics of surgical care (Servicedechirurgiegénérale, digestiveetendocrinienne, CHU LyonSud, HospicescivilsdeLyon, France); It has been determined that in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic hernia repair, predictors of mortality are older age and certain concomitant diseases: congestive heart failure, pulmonary circulatory disorders, coagulopathy, liver disease, metastatic cancer, neurological disorders and paralysis (Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma, Tulsa , USA); Older age, ascites, preoperative renal and pulmonary insufficiency have been found to be independent predictors of 30-day mortality, and in the presence of these risk factors, conservative treatment should be seriously considered (Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA); The American College of Surgeons (ACS) Universal Surgical Risk Calculator has been shown to accurately predict thirty-day outcomes, including major complications: venous thromboembolism, medical morbidity, surgical site infection, unplanned reoperation, mortality, and length of hospital stay (Department of Plastic Surgery, Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, USA). At the present time in the world, the most relevant research in surgery continues to be the development of new methods of hernioplasty for large and giant ventral hernias, each of which has its own pros and cons depending on the complexity of implementation, the risk of postoperative complications and relapse, large randomized clinical trials are being conducted, comparing existing methods of traditional hernioplasty with laparoscopic access and robotic surgery, which has become increasingly widespread in the last 10 years, a search is being made for new synthetic and biological materials developed for the production and use of composite meshes that have the necessary strength and the ability to prevent fatal local complications in a contaminated environment. However, despite technical advances in this field, no modern hernia repair method or prosthesis meets all the requirements. One of the key problems is that existing synthetic endoprostheses do not have sufficient elasticity, resistance to infection, high mechanical strength and integrity over a long period of time. Further research into these clinical aspects will undoubtedly improve the current understanding of the capabilities of biocompatible endoprostheses and will make it possible to develop an optimal method for their placement during allohernioplasty. The degree of knowledge of the problem. The current period of development of abdominal surgery is characterized by an emphasis on the problems of the effectiveness of introducing new installation methods and techniques for attaching bioprostheses, options for various suture materials to determine the most promising directions for the development of these technologies [5]. Researchers led by BittnerR.[6] (2019) state that a giant postoperative abdominal wall hernia, the maximum diameter of which exceeds 12 cm or the ratio of the volume of the hernial sac to the abdominal cavity more than 20%, is difficult to treat, with a high recurrence rate and a large number of complications. One of the most challenging problems is that after the hernia contents return to the abdominal cavity, postoperative intra-abdominal pressure will increase, leading to multiple organ failure, then abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS), and even death. There is currently no agreement on the surgical approach for these giant incisional abdominal wall hernias. To prevent recurrences, some articles recommend placing the hernia mesh in the sublayer position and or linings (KirkpatrickAW.)[7]. According to CornetteB.[8], to prevent recurrence, it is recommended to place the hernia mesh in a sublayer or underlay position, and to achieve better mesh expansion, a component separation technique (CST) may be a suitable solution, but with a significant risk of complications and recurrence. JensenKK, et al. believe that truly successful giant hernia repair requires effective bridging or augmentation that will prevent recurrence with an acceptable risk of complications[9]. Another pressing issue in abdominal surgery is that patients with incisional hernias are extremely difficult to treat due to a number of factors including obesity, previous hernia repair, previous mesh placement, domain loss, and other variables.
The approach to patients with incisional hernias has changed significantly over the past 20 years due to both advances in mesh technology and surgical approaches. Key factors for successful outcome include modification of risk factors preoperatively, such as smoking cessation and weight loss, selection of mesh appropriate for the type of hernia and planned mesh location, and wide mesh coverage beyond the hernia defect. New techniques such as transabdominal muscle release and component separation with retrograde mesh placement and robotic approaches to abdominal wall hernia are increasingly being used in these patients[10]. Recent years have seen an increase in the number of biological meshes available for abdominal wall hernia repair. Biological meshes typically consist of materials obtained from humans, pigs, or cattle. The rationale for using biological meshes is that they can act as a scaffold for the growth of natural tissues. In addition, there are absorbable synthetic meshes that have properties similar to those of biological meshes, but with theoretically less risk because they are not derived from animal or human material. The choice of mesh for a ventral hernia depends on many factors, which include both the properties of the mesh and its location, for example, whether it should be placed intraperitoneally, preperitoneally, or retrorectus. BaierKF[11](2021) believes that the guiding principle should be to avoid placing uncoated polypropylene mesh in an intraperitoneal location where it may be in direct contact with internal organs. In addition, the type of hernia defect is another risk factor, such as whether the wound is clean or dirty, and whether the repair is performed with a bridge or abutment. Lightweight or biologic meshes to bridge the defect should be avoided due to increased recurrence rates. Holihan JL [12] (2016), Hodgkinson JD [13] (2018) believe that the principle of anatomical restoration to achieve a reliable, tension-free repair with reinforced mesh reduces the incidence of early postoperative complications and late recurrence of hernia compared with bridging mesh. The analysis of the literature concerning the theoretical aspects and clinical experience of using technologies for improving modern synthetic and biological prostheses that can provide a better plastic effect, as well as methods for preventing recurrence of ventral hernias, indicates that this is one of the priority areas in modern abdominal surgery. An unresolved issue remains the choice of the optimal endoprosthesis, which is highly effective and meets international standards for such properties as biological inertness and mechanical strength, as well as the method of positioning the mesh in relation to the layers of the abdominal wall. Considering that many of the allohernioplasty methods used today are not without drawbacks, the current direction is the development of new methods of repair for giant ventral hernias and methods for the prevention of postoperative complications in conditions of a contaminated wound, with justification of their effectiveness in a clinical experimental study. The connection between the dissertation research and the research plans of the research institution where the dissertation was completed. The dissertation research was carried out within the framework of the research work plan of the State Institution “RSNPMCH named after. acad. V. Vakhidov" under the project AL-422105574 "Development of new biocompatible mesh implants made of composite materials for reconstructive surgery of abdominal and diaphragmatic hernias" (2022-2024).
The purpose of the study is to improve the results of surgical treatment of large and giant postoperative ventral hernias by introducing new laser technologies and improving the tactical and technical aspects of surgical treatment. Objectives of the study: to study the structure of immediate complications after various types of prosthetic plastic surgery; to clarify the influence of obesity factors, primary or repeat hernioplasty on the incidence of immediate and long-term complications; to evaluate the role of the immediate complicated course of the postoperative period in the incidence of long-term complications of hernioplasty; to improve the technical aspects of alloplasty for large and giant postoperative ventral hernias (POVH); to improve the technique of photodynamic therapy (PDT) of the wound surface after prosthetic plastic surgery; to study in an experiment the effectiveness of using the proposed technique of alloplasty and PDT; evaluate the morphological features of the condition of tissues during prosthetic plastic surgery using the proposed method; in a comparative aspect, evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the proposed alloplasty options in the immediate and long-term periods. The object of the study was the results of allohernioplasty in 448 patients with extensive (large) and giant POVH, who were operated on at the surgical department of the 1st clinic of the Samarkand State Medical Institute in the period from 2012 to 2021, as well as experimental animals on which the effectiveness was assessed developed a technique for prosthetic repair of postoperative ventral hernias and applied the technique of photodynamic therapy.
The subject of the study is to analyze the effectiveness of the developed alloplasty of postoperative ventral hernias and intraoperative photodynamic therapy in abdominal surgery in experiments and in the clinic. Research methods. To achieve the goal of the study and solve the assigned problems, general clinical, instrumental, biotechnological, experimental, histomorphological, microbiological and statistical research methods were used. The scientific novelty of the study is as follows: it was established that the need for extensive tissue mobilization and, as a consequence, the intersection of lymphatic capillaries during implantation of the prosthesis in the onlay position, as well as the lack of sufficient resorption function of the hernial sac in the inlay position causes a high risk of the formation of clinically significant seromas; It was determined that with prosthetic hernioplasty, along with the volume of the defect, the type of plastic surgery and the degree of obesity, the most significant predictor of the risk of developing immediate complications is the factor of re-intervention in case of recurrent hernia with the presence of a “dormant infection” hidden in the remaining ligature granulomas or scar tissue; the structure and clinical features of the course of long-term complications of hernioplasty for giant and extensive hernias were clarified, taking into account the results of the immediate postoperative period, as well as the option of fixing the prosthesis, primary or repeated hernioplasty and the degree of obesity; the method of surgery for large hernias of the anterior abdominal wall has been improved, characterized by a combination of factors such as the formation of tension-free prosthetic repair, preservation of local resorptive function to prevent the development of fluid accumulations and reducing the risk of infection; the method of preventing the development or progression of wound infection during alloplasty of ventral hernias has been improved, aimed at enhancing the antibacterial effect and stimulating reparative activity through the photosensitizing and photodynamic effect of low-energy laser radiation; It was determined in an experimental model of prosthetic plastic surgery that the proposed method of fixing the prosthesis in combination with the use of the effect of photodynamic therapy through laser radiation helps to enhance reparative processes with a reduced risk of wound complications; It has been proven that all methods of antiseptic exposure and laser stimulation of the wound surface after prosthetic plastic surgery enhance preventive measures against the development of local infection, but are ineffective in the case of an already developed purulent-inflammatory process against the background of the use of alloplastic material. The practical results of the study are as follows: it has been determined that the implantation of synthetic materials for giant and extensive hernias is accompanied by a significant number of wound complications caused by both the surgical technique itself and the reaction of surrounding tissues to a foreign body, requiring improvement of tactical and technical approaches when performing hernioplasty; it was clarified that scar-degenerative changes in the tissues of the aponeurosis in giant and extensive hernias are a predisposing factor to the occurrence of post-prosthetic hernias, especially when implanting the prosthesis in the “inlay” position and, accordingly, require increasing the efficiency of their fixation and engraftment, as well as reducing the risk of developing local complications; it was determined based on the data of an experimental study that the proposed method of alloplasty for large ventral hernias makes it possible to achieve adequate reconstruction of the anterior abdominal wall, reduce the incidence of infection in the wound, and also use a smaller size of prosthetic material; it was determined that the proposed method of tension-free repair of large hernias of the anterior abdominal wall with strengthening of the aponeurosis with a mesh implant allows maintaining physiology, reducing the number of complications, shortening treatment time and reducing the risk of hernia recurrence; It has been determined that the proposed method for preventing the development or progression of wound infection during alloplasty of ventral hernias can reduce the frequency of suppuration, shorten the treatment time and the likelihood of relapse; It has been proven that the use of the proposed tactical and technical aspects of prosthetic repair for postoperative ventral hernias can reduce the incidence of specific complications, reduce rehabilitation time and the risk of hernia recurrence. Reliability of the research results. The reliability of the results is justified by the use of objective criteria for assessing the condition of patients, modern methods of diagnosis and treatment, the correct application of methodological approaches and sets of statistical analysis, methods for solving the problems discussed in the dissertation are based on modern scientific and practical concepts and approaches to the diagnosis and surgical treatment of patients with giant postoperative hernias. Scientific and practical significance of the research results. The results obtained make a significant contribution to the expansion of irradiation of existing ideas about the structure and clinical features of complications of hernioplasty for giant and extensive ventral hernias by identifying the morphological features of the development of a purulent-inflammatory process against the background of the use of alloplastic material, studying predictors of the risk of developing immediate complications, mechanisms for enhancing reparative processes through the use of an improved method of fixing the prosthesis in together using the effect of photodynamic therapy through laser radiation, which made it possible to enhance the antibacterial effect and improve the wound healing process. The practical significance of the study is that, based on the results obtained, the tactical and technical aspects of prosthetic hernioplasty have been optimized, the features of methods of antiseptic exposure and laser stimulation of the wound surface after prosthetic repair have been revealed, enhancing preventive measures for the development of local infection, and the method of surgery for large anterior abdominal hernias has been improved walls, characterized by a combination of factors such as the formation of tension-free prosthetic plasty, preservation of local resorptive function to prevent the development of fluid accumulations, thereby reducing the risk of developing postoperative complications, reducing the frequency of unsatisfactory results, length of hospitalization and the likelihood of relapse. Implementation of research results. According to the results of a scientific study to optimize the tactical and technical aspects of surgical treatment of large and giant postoperative ventral hernias: the “method for plastic surgery of giant hernias of the anterior abdominal wall” has been improved (invention patent No. IAP 2022 0148 dated April 18, 2022). The proposed method of tension-free repair of large hernias of the anterior abdominal wall with strengthening of the aponeurosis with a mesh implant made it possible to reduce the number of complications, shorten the treatment time and reduce the risk of hernia recurrence; the “method for preventing the progression of infection during alloplasty of infected hernias” has been improved (certificate of the Ministry of Health No. 08-32071 dated October 17, 2022). The proposed method made it possible to reduce the frequency of wound purulent-inflammatory complications and shorten the period of rehabilitation of patients after allohernioplasty; methodological recommendations “Tactical and technical aspects of prosthetic repair for large and giant postoperative ventral hernias” have been developed (certificate of the Ministry of Health No. 08-32071 dated October 17, 2022) . The developed recommendations made it possible to optimize the tactical and technical aspects of allohernioplasty in patients with large and giant postoperative ventral hernias; The scientific results obtained were introduced into the practical activities of healthcare, in particular, in the departments of surgery of the Khorezm and Andijan regional multidisciplinary medical centers, the clinic of the Samarkand State Medical University (certificate of the Ministry of Health No. 08-32071 dated October 17, 2022). Improving the tactical and technical aspects of prosthetic repair for postoperative ventral hernias has made it possible to reduce the incidence of specific immediate complications from 40.9% to 15.6%, to reduce rehabilitation time from 8.6±2.7 to 7.1±1.5 days, and also reduce the likelihood of long-term complications from 11.7% to 3.1%. Approbation of research results. The results of this study were discussed at 8 scientific and practical conferences, including 5 international and 3 republican ones. Publication of research results. 26 scientific works have been published on the topic of the dissertation, including 9 journal articles, 4 of which in republican and 5 in foreign journals recommended by the Higher Attestation Commission of the Republic of Uzbekistan for publication of the main scientific results of doctoral dissertations. Structure and scope of the dissertation. The dissertation consists of an introduction, seven chapters, a conclusion, conclusions, practical recommendations and a list of cited literature. The volume of work is 200 pages.
This article talks about one of the problems of ensuring the architecture-landscape structure of the southern urban centers of Uzbekistan, further greening and improvement of the ecological environment. It is known that the climate of the southern cities is strongly continental, so it is possible to observe both the harshness of winter and the heat of summer in this area. For this reason, information was provided on the feasibility of building on the basis of innovative projects in the organization of architectural landscape and the relevance of showing the ways of effective landscape organization in the regions by combining urban architecture, landscape architecture and design.
Today's labor market, along with professional skills, sets the task of mastering foreign languages for a specialist in any field, since the demand for highly qualified and competitive specialists is an important issue on the agenda. The study of English in the system of professional medical higher education in Uzbekistan determines the effectiveness of such measures as further improving the level of training in the field of medicine, working with world scientific literature, effective cooperation with foreign partners, and professional maturity. Improving the methods of teaching English to medical students, as well as the quality of education, directly affects its further productive use and further improvement of the professional skills of a future medical specialist.
This article is devoted to the study of Arabisms in the field of education, which is one of the dynamically developing areas of science, since it serves as an inexhaustible source in the process of constant enrichment of the vocabulary of various languages of the world. The theoretical study of the development and functioning of terminology is one of the priority areas in modern linguistics. The terminology of the sphere of education is, first of all, a terminology of general literary vocabulary, therefore, the work included the terms names of positions, institutions, names of subjects, processes, phenomena, combined into the general concept of “terminology of the sphere of education”. The purpose of the article is to analyze the main structural and lexical-semantic characteristics in the field of education in the Uzbek language. The study includes Arabicisms of the sphere of education, which are masdars or participles in the original language. In the Uzbek language, they are all considered names. The article also covers and analyzes the grammatical, morphological and semantic features of borrowings. The study was carried out using a modern descriptive method using comparative analysis, classification and systematization of the vocabulary of the Uzbek language. The results obtained will allow a new approach to the understanding and solution of problems, such as word formation in the Uzbek literary language, the definition of lexical-semantic and structural-functional characteristics of terminology in the field of education.
Diaspora literature is one of the topical issues of contemporary literary studies and it shows the necessity for analyzing in terms of special characteristics. The works by the writers who contribute into diaspora literature are analyzed and the general features of this tendency are pointed by the researcher. Languages and cultures collision, biographic method application, time and space correlation are the major features of diaspora literature. In scholarly publications the terms “diaspora” and “expatriate” are used synonymously, but this research suggests that they have distinctive features based on the examples. The artistic peculiarities of the woks by Afghan born American writer Khaled Hosseini can be seen obviously if his novels are analyzed and interpreted in line with the major features of Diaspora literature investigated by the researcher. The object of this research is the novels “The Kite Runner”, “A Thousand Splendid Suns”, “And the Mountains Echoed” by Hosseini and they are analyzed focusing on the three major characteristics of Diaspora literature. Considering the language as a main factor of this trend and being different from other researches Afghan Diaspora writers are divided into two categories: writers who write their works in English and writers who write their works in Persian. Concerning the major characteristics found in this research it is obvious that Hosseini globally depicts the problems of his nation and country, moreover tries to prove the fact that Afghan people also want to have peace and wealth the same as other human beings. Moreover, the writer uses Arabian, Persian and Turkic words in his English texts to depict Orientalism in his works.
Topicality and demand of the theme of dissertation. In world practice of informatization, systems of electronic document interchange (EDIS) arc considered and introduced last years not only as systems for automation of manage processes but also as high-grade platforms for creation of uniform information field, so borders of their use, certainly, expands and scientists of the world raises interest to them. In researches of leading scientists of infocommunication technologies the demand of problems of authentic gathering, transfer, analysis, coding of information during formation of office-work documents is allocated for getting of effective technologies raising mobility and productivity of EDIS.
Complex measures undertaken by the Government of Republic of Uzbekistan on development of systems of region-territorial automated management and to creation of uniform information field arc directed on wide introduction of information systems, EDIS, databases (DB) on the basis of modern information-communication technologies. In this connection, working out of new methods to intelligent processing of information resources used for improvement of data transfer quality, allowing effectively to find out and correct errors in structure of electronic document interchange with least material and time expenses, differs a special urgency and, at the same time, remains the unresolved theoretical and applied problem having important economic value.
Requirements to information resources and streams of data transmission as the important factor of efficiency and quality of EDIS functioning arc expressed in providing of stability, integrity, safety and authenticity of the information. One of important among factors is the criterion of authenticity of the information, caused by distortion of transferred messages in infocommunication networks because of failures and refusals of means, any handicaps in communication channels, errors of operators, scanning and recognition systems.
Hence, construction of effective systems to control of information authenticity during transfer and processing represents special scientific interest as priority technology of data processing, characteristic for conditions of automated management and electronic document interchange at the enterprises and organizations.
For existing methods, despite of providing the high level of information transfer authenticity, some unsolved questions is typical, and as basic of them it is possible to allocate the following: at development technologies of electronic documents interchange in structure of modern data transfer packages the significant volume of resource is spent for headings, at the same time the most part of information in headings remains constant from package to package during stream of transfer of the whole frame (redundancy of the information arising at it and mechanisms to provide reliability of deliveries consisting, basically, in sending the appropriate message and repeated transfer of packages, - result to additional time and material expenses while errors detection and elimination); code and hardware methods of information transfer control arc focused, mainly, on elimination the transposition mistakes in managing fields of packages; however, at data transfer there arc also distortions in information fields, which frequently reveal as multiple text mistakes.
In this relation, the decision of tasks for providing of information transfer authenticity is reasonable to consider in two aspects.
Solutions of the first type tasks should taken into account errors of the man-operator, scanning and other devices intended for input of the information. These kinds of mistakes make greatest volume of distortions in text and arise at Applied and Representation levels of OSI model (Open System Interconnection reference model).
Solutions of second type tasks, devoted to control of the information reliability, take into consideration the probability of distortions which occur at stages of Transport, Network, Physical and Line of model OSI.
Demand of the dissertation is characterized by the fact that introduction of a wide range of IP-enabled technologies in electronic document interchange is connected to requiring close attention tasks of detection and correction of errors during preparation and processing of documents.
This research work is focused on providing realization of laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan «On informatization», «On electronic digital signature», «On electronic document», «On electronic commerce», «On electronic payments», Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan № 126 on 05.04.2011 «About measures on installation and use of a single secured e-mail and system of electronic document interchange in the executive office of cabinet of ministers, bodies of government and economic governance, local government».
Following that, the solution of listed tasks requires carrying out the special researches and development connected to creation of methods and algorithms, capable to control the information authenticity in structure of data transfer packages at the expense of use the enclosed redundancy, and able to function in transport environment, eliminating existing lacks. This fact causes necessity of allocation of a special class algorithms for providing of information authenticity on the basis of new type of PR-rcdundancy (property redundancy), defined by depending on properties of processed object.
Purpose of research is development ol constructive methods, models, algorithms and systems of information authenticity control during transfer and processing of the data on the basis of mechanisms used PR-rcdundancy of various nature, and software and algorithmic realization of results for developing technologies of electronic document interchange.
Scientific novelty of disscrtational research consists in the following:
concept, methodology and software and algorithmic bases to construction methods, models and algorithms for the information authenticity control in systems of electronic document interchange arc developed, classes of objects characterized by PR-rcdundancy, applied to provide accuracy, integrity, efficiency, compression, availability of information resources in EDIS arc allocated;
methods and algorithms arc offered for control of information reliability at the expense of use the artificial redundancy on the basis of linear, modular, plane summing mechanisms and definition of belonging to the coded subsets;
methods and software complexes arc developed for control of information reliability at the expense of use the natural redundancy on the basis of algorithms in which procedures of statistical, arithmetic, parsing coding, n-gram structured description, statistical pattern recognition and hashing of text elements arc realized;
for control and correction of spelling mistakes in texts on Uzbek language methods and algorithms arc offered on the basis of models of multilevel morphological analysis and n-grams Grammatik description;
on the basis of enclosed logic criteria, database and knowledgebase in structure of the built-in expert systems methods and algorithms arc developed for the control of information authenticity at the expense of use the structural-technological PR-rcdundancy;
methods arc offered to synthesis algorithms of text information reliability control in interactive system of errors detection and correction for developing technologies of electronic document interchange.
Conclusion
1. Developed in the dissertation constructive methods, models, software and algorithms complexes to control of information authenticity by principles of using of PR-rcdundancy on the basis of concepts of system analysis, control and information processing allow to increase efficiency and productivity of EDIS.
2. The estimation of current state of the theory and practice of code, hardware and program methods of control of authenticity information transfer had shown insufficiency of existing types of redundancy for providing qualitative functioning of EDIS. Principles of use of PR-rcdundancy at electronic documents for working out applied methods, software and algorithmic complexes to providing of information transfer authenticity have allowed to design toolkit of development of existing technologies.
3. Methods of: linear, plane and modular summation; codings by rules of Haffman, Lempcl-Ziv-Velch, Barrousc-Willcr, arithmetic coding, statistical recognition, logic control form methodical bases of use of PR-rcdundancy for expansion possibilities of algorithms and software complexes to providing of the information authenticity during drawing up, transfer and processing of electronic documents texts.
4. Efficiency of developed algorithms is shown and solutions arc got for tasks of control the information authenticity on the basis of criterion of mistakes undctccting probabilities. It is established, that they find up to 92 % of all kinds of mistakes, capable to correct single, double and adjacent transpositional mistakes, in comparison with existing methods reduce labour content and cost of control in 2-3 times if probability of mistakes is accepted as P«4-10-3, and also raise the information authenticity up to three orders.
5. To solving tasks of control and correction of spelling mistakes in Uzbek texts methods, algorithms and systems arc developed included morphological and n-gram structured models. The developed technique of getting frequency characteristics of n-gram on the basis of distortions probability parameters statistics arc applied during systematization hash-codes for parsing coding.
6. Interpolation and extrapolation methods of construction the logic and arithmetic function of statistical recognition arc used for working out algorithms to control of text elements images authenticity. Methods arc developed to control authenticity of alarm characteristics of text elements images in ncuronctworking system to information processing which includes parts of automatic recognition and control of images signals. Methods and algorithms arc realized in the structure system to control of information authenticity for eases when information in EDIS is represented as metatext on the basis of belonging attributes and classification of metatext on fuzzy semantic hypcrnct.
7. Methods and algorithms of the control of the information authenticity, based on methods of dictionary, statistical and hash-codings provide effective applying of the hardware-software environment of parallel computations NVIDIA with use of standard libraries of numerical analysis, optimized data exchange between CPU and GPU for optimization.
8. It is determined that at realization of the system to control of spelling on the basis of developed ways of description and identification of the software shell, treelike representation of n-gramm grammar and architecture of framework Sfinks-4 focused on various language models used PR-rcdundancy, the number of undetected errors and cost of realization considerably decreases, and labour content in comparison with the spelling control system on the basis of morphological analysis decreases twice.
9. Developed simulating algorithms, complexes of software and systems to control of information authenticity on the basis of using PR-rcdundancy have found practical application in systems of: automated organization of educational environment in high schools; adapted data transfer, processing and analysis in infocommunication networks; EDIS of enterprises.
10. The developed software complexes to control the information authenticity in structure of EDIS and computer system of adapted transfer, handling and data analysis arc implemented in real working conditions in the Samarkand branch «UzTelecom» of the State committee or communication, for informatization and telecommunication technologies of the Republic of Uzbekistan and in Joint Venture «Tasty-Fuit». Appropriate certificates confirm cost of economical efficiency of dissertation results.
В статье приведены результаты экспериментального исследования характеристик теплообмена между тепловым агентом и сухими частицами волокнистого материала. Учитывая то, что при фильтрационной сушке в слое находится одновременно сухой и влажный материалы, которые принимают участие в теплообмене, необходимо исследовать процесс теплообмена между сухими и влажными частицами волокнистого материала.
This article represents an analysis of the thermal characteristics of building envelopes, including thermal conductivity and resistance to heat transfer. Modern methods of thermal analysis and standards for assessing and comparing different building envelopes were studied. The research findings are of interest to designers and developers aiming to create more efficient and thermally resistant buildings.
The article presents the results of the study, including both the epidemiological aspects of the disease and the factor analysis of the main causes of unsatisfactory treatment results, according to the largest institution specialized in COVID-19 – the Republican Specialized Multidisciplinary Infectious Diseases Hospital (Zangiata No. 1) – from the opening of the medical center on July 09, 2020 to December 31, 2020.