Ushbu ilmiy maqolada XV asrning oxirlarida Mavorounnahr va xurosondagi ijtimoiy-siyosiy vaziyat, Shayboniyxon tomonidan Mavorounnahr va Xurosonning istilo qilinishi, Shayboniylar davlatining tashkil topishi va uning davlatchiligimiz tarixida tutgan o‘rni manbalar asosida yoritib berilgan.
This article bases on the base of Arab-Persian, Russian and foreign sources, considers the ethnonym “Uzbek”. The place and the date of discovery of the ethnonym, its expansion to the southwest. Appending into the composition of the Uzbek estate and the service stratum of various tribes. In view the date of geographical maps compiled by foreign cartographers and researchers of the geographical area called Uzbekistan.
The article tries to reveal correctly interpreted and incorrectly stated points in the content of articles or abstracts, as well as researches and publications on the field of ethnography, ethnogenethes and ethnic history of people of Central Asia, particularly Uzbekistan since the beginning of the XXI century.
This article examines goals and objectives of consular offices of Uzbekistan, analyzes in detail the stages of formation of consular offices, and the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan on consularissues, the im pact of the new foreign policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan on consular activities and its legal basis, identifies shortcomings in the activities of consular offices Of the Republic of Uzbekistan at the present stage, also devel oped proposals for improving the legislation of the Repub lic of Uzbekistan on consular issues.
The article examines the justified bases for a large-scale reform of the legislation for resolving in vestment disputes. A review of the updated legal regula tion of the resolution of investment disputes is being car ried out on the basis of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On Investments and Investment Activities”, which entered into force on January 26, 2020 and other legisla tive acts. The main factors that led to the need to develop and adopt in the above mentioned Law new legislative norms for resolving investment disputes, as well as its main novelties on the part of the international community are studied. Particular attention is paid to the legal frame work for investment arbitration based on international treaties, as well as a multi-level procedure for resolving in vestment disputes. A comparative analysis of this legisla tive approach to resolving investment disputes is carried out with international experience. In addition, the specific provisions of the new Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On Investments and Invest ment Activity” in terms of norms for resolving investment disputes are analyzed. The conclusion is substantiated that the definition of specific powers of the authorized state and especially the Business Ombudsman in the field of investment activities, the introduction of a multilevel procedure for resolving investment disputes, including the expansion of alternative options for resolving disputes through compulsory mediation and a radical increase in the role of this institution on the basis of legal require ments will contribute to a clear and correct understanding of the norms of national legislation and, most importantly, a legal basis is created for the settlement of investment disputes in pretrial through the use of alternative dispute resolution.
At the present stage, issues of Uzbek identity are a necessary component for studying the history of the formation of Uzbek national identity. However, this question is unreasonably left out of sight of local ethnologists. But the existing studies cannot reveal the full picture of Uzbek identity. This article is an attempt to show the way of the formation of Uzbek identity, its features, stages of formation, the methodology used. On the basis of English-language materials, first of all, the methodology used is disclosed, and how this foreign methodology revealed or failed to reveal some features of the development of Uzbek identity. In identity studies, it is important to understand and feel the "boundary" of identity. Because, without knowing the boundaries of a certain category of identity, a researcher can mix unwittingly artificially something that really cannot be mixed. In this regard, we tried to give some methodological concepts that will help determine the elusive edge of identity, which is so important for the implementation of a comprehensive analysis. Historiography of literature shows that foreign methodology differs significantly from local, and many aspects of the formation of Uzbeks' identity are revealed from a different angle. Some researchers put forward any point of view that unwittingly form an artificial construction and try to put into this construction a formula for the emergence of Uzbek identity. It leads to a clouding of the understanding of “what is Uzbek identity” and complicates the crystallization of its borders. Also in the article the author tried to divide into categories the various authors’ accordings to their principle of posing and analyzing the question posed. Tracing the path of development of Uzbek identity, the main stages of this development were identified and their chronological framework was identified. This will allow the reader to trace clearly the paths and stages of the formation of modern Uzbek identity. The analysis revealed the main shortcomings in the methodology, in studying and comparing the results with local data. In the final part, general and specific features relating to foreign studies were highlighted. Several proposals were developed to break down existing barriers and improve interdisciplinary relationships. On the basis of the analysis, the author comes to the conclusion that the creation of a single national state was the impetus for the formation of Uzbeks as a nation. However, the roots of the national identity of Uzbekistan precede the revolution and are not Soviet.
The article outlines the evolutionary views of Uzbek ethnogenesis and ethnic history. Historical, ethnographical, archaeological, anthropological, linguistic scientific literature, their concepts and the methodology of historian scientists have not been studied in whole or in part on the ethnogenesis and ethnic history of the Uzbek people. This scientific article is a scientific research, which explores the topic in detail and encourages to the scientific reasoning and research. The article reflects monographs, articles, published in various publications and press releases of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Particularly, scientific researches conducted by historians such as A. Yu. Yakubovsky, S. Tolstov, A. A. Semeyonov, B. A. Litvinsky, K. Sh. Shoniyazov, A. Askarov, Rakhim Masov and others, their views and its basis were given in the article. During years of the independence, scientists have conducted scientific research on the ethnogenesis and ethnic history of the Uzbek people, its gradual intensification and prosperity. In the works of Jabborov new findings on ethnogenesis and ethnic history of the Uzbek people on the basis of written sources and partly archeological findings have been made. А. А. Askarov, T. K. Hodjaev and other’s works have studied not only ethnogenesis, but also ethnic history issues on the basis of archaeological and anthropological research. The research of Uzbek anthropologists enriched the ethnogenesis of Uzbeks and proved the truthfulness of the findings of historians, ethnographers and archeologists. This article demonstrates the objective approach in the coverage of the ethnogenesis of the Uzbek people can be clearly seen and their analysis is understandable.
Это великое событие в истории человечества произошло примерно десять тысяч лет тому назад, когда ледяной покров в Европе и Азии начал таять и уступать место лесам и пустыням. Постепенно прекращались кочевые странствия в поисках пищи. Рыболовы и охотники больше вытеснялись первобытными земледельцами. Такие земледельцы, оставаясь на одном месте, пока почва сохраняла плодородие, строили жилища, рассчитанные на более долгие сроки. Стали возникать деревни для защиты от непогоды от врагов-хищников. Немало таких неолитических поселений раскопано. По их остаткам видно, как постепенно развивались такие простейшие ремесла, как гончарное, ткацкое и плотничье. Существовали житницы, так что население могло, производя излишки, запасать продукты на зиму и на случай неурожая.
Инсоният тарихида савдо йўлларининг аҳамияти жуда муҳим ўрин эгаллайди. Кишилик жамиятининг бронза давридан, баъзи жойларда ундан ҳам анча аввал, маълум ихтисослашган йўллар пайдо бўлганлигини биламиз. Уларнинг пайдо бўлишида қабилалар, халқлар ва давлатлараро алоқалардан келиб чиққан иқтисодий, этник, сиёсий ва маданий эҳтиёжлар сабаб бўлди. Дастлаб Ўрта ва Яқин Шарқда Бадахшоннинг лаъл(лазурит)ига бўлган эҳтиёж “лазурит йўли”нинг вужудга келишига олиб келган. Милоддан аввалги VI-IV асрларда эски йўллар асосида Эронда (Ахамонийлар империяси даврида такомиллашиб борган) “шоҳ йўли” таркиб топади. Кейинчалик бу йўллар негизида Буюк ипак йўли ва бошқалар такомиллашиб боради.
Қадимги Бақтрия, Хоразм ва Суғд давлатлари мил.авв. VI–IV асрларда аҳамонийлар империяси ҳукмронлиги остида бўлган. Аҳамонийлар империясини чекланмаган ҳуқуқга эга бўлган шоҳ бошқарган. Уни шоҳлар шоҳи деб аташган, худо даражасига кўтариб, илоҳийлаштирганлар [6. Б.231-233]. Шоҳнинг ўзи империяни доимий назоратда ушлаб турган. Давлат бошқаруви ва текширувлар Ҳазорапад (мингбоши) томонидан амалга оширилган. Ахамонийлар империяси маъмурий жиҳатдан сатрапликларга бўлинган ҳолда бошқарилган.