In the scientific article is considered formation of methodological base and philosophical categories within the Chinese cultural tradition. The importance of a subject of a research is determined by dynamics of development of the modern global world, integration processes, growth of interaction and cooperation of the different countries and regions, strengthening of the principles of the open world, expansion of dialogue – communicative space. Special value in this situation is got by revival of such methodological approaches as a holism, the hologram, synergetic which ideological sources were put in Ancient Chinese philosophy. Research objective and degree of study of a problem. The purpose consist in system justification of features of formation and development of methodological base, a categorical conceptual framework of the Chinese philosophy, its theoretical and practical importance for formation of outlook and a way of life of society. Correlative and associative thinking found the reflection in works M. Grana, D. Bode, J. Nidem, U.L. Crolles; classification schemes of a methodological fundamentals of the Chinese philosophy are investigated in A.M. Kara-petyants, A.I. Kobzev; fundamental onto-methodological aspects of categories are analyzed in E.N. Torchinov, A.I. Kobzev's scientific works. For achievement of the goal the following tasks were set: in the context of the principles of historicism and continuity to consider formation and development of methodological base of the Chinese philosophy; to carry out the comparative analysis of methodological, world outlook fundamentals of antique and Chinese philosophies; to open a role of correlative thinking and numerology in informative process; to prove commitment of the European culture causal, and China correlation to thinking types to thinking; to disclose the cosmological and ontological nature of categories Wen, Tsi and to show their role in the Chinese culture; to determine anthropological, pan-ethical and esthetic parameters of understanding of Space, to reveal influence reanimated holistic, synergetic, the idea on development of a modern philosophical and methodological thought. For achievement of the scientific purpose and the solution of objectives the analysis, synthesis, the historical and theoretical analysis, comparative-historical, philosophical and hermeneutical and ideographic methods were used. As a result of the conducted research within socio-historical approach evolution of methodological norms, categories and concepts of the Chinese philosophy was tracked. Characteristic of causal, holistic, hologram and correlative approaches is given. Basic categories of the Chinese philosophy in the context of formation of methodology are considered: the numerology, Wen, Qi, Dao, space, influence response is also shown their role in development of modern philosophy and methodology of science. In the context of traditional Chinese representations elements of a synergetic paradigm are revealed, and their importance for formation of new outlook is also shown.
Topicality and demand of the theme of dissertation. In world practice of informatization, systems of electronic document interchange (EDIS) arc considered and introduced last years not only as systems for automation of manage processes but also as high-grade platforms for creation of uniform information field, so borders of their use, certainly, expands and scientists of the world raises interest to them. In researches of leading scientists of infocommunication technologies the demand of problems of authentic gathering, transfer, analysis, coding of information during formation of office-work documents is allocated for getting of effective technologies raising mobility and productivity of EDIS.
Complex measures undertaken by the Government of Republic of Uzbekistan on development of systems of region-territorial automated management and to creation of uniform information field arc directed on wide introduction of information systems, EDIS, databases (DB) on the basis of modern information-communication technologies. In this connection, working out of new methods to intelligent processing of information resources used for improvement of data transfer quality, allowing effectively to find out and correct errors in structure of electronic document interchange with least material and time expenses, differs a special urgency and, at the same time, remains the unresolved theoretical and applied problem having important economic value.
Requirements to information resources and streams of data transmission as the important factor of efficiency and quality of EDIS functioning arc expressed in providing of stability, integrity, safety and authenticity of the information. One of important among factors is the criterion of authenticity of the information, caused by distortion of transferred messages in infocommunication networks because of failures and refusals of means, any handicaps in communication channels, errors of operators, scanning and recognition systems.
Hence, construction of effective systems to control of information authenticity during transfer and processing represents special scientific interest as priority technology of data processing, characteristic for conditions of automated management and electronic document interchange at the enterprises and organizations.
For existing methods, despite of providing the high level of information transfer authenticity, some unsolved questions is typical, and as basic of them it is possible to allocate the following: at development technologies of electronic documents interchange in structure of modern data transfer packages the significant volume of resource is spent for headings, at the same time the most part of information in headings remains constant from package to package during stream of transfer of the whole frame (redundancy of the information arising at it and mechanisms to provide reliability of deliveries consisting, basically, in sending the appropriate message and repeated transfer of packages, - result to additional time and material expenses while errors detection and elimination); code and hardware methods of information transfer control arc focused, mainly, on elimination the transposition mistakes in managing fields of packages; however, at data transfer there arc also distortions in information fields, which frequently reveal as multiple text mistakes.
In this relation, the decision of tasks for providing of information transfer authenticity is reasonable to consider in two aspects.
Solutions of the first type tasks should taken into account errors of the man-operator, scanning and other devices intended for input of the information. These kinds of mistakes make greatest volume of distortions in text and arise at Applied and Representation levels of OSI model (Open System Interconnection reference model).
Solutions of second type tasks, devoted to control of the information reliability, take into consideration the probability of distortions which occur at stages of Transport, Network, Physical and Line of model OSI.
Demand of the dissertation is characterized by the fact that introduction of a wide range of IP-enabled technologies in electronic document interchange is connected to requiring close attention tasks of detection and correction of errors during preparation and processing of documents.
This research work is focused on providing realization of laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan «On informatization», «On electronic digital signature», «On electronic document», «On electronic commerce», «On electronic payments», Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan № 126 on 05.04.2011 «About measures on installation and use of a single secured e-mail and system of electronic document interchange in the executive office of cabinet of ministers, bodies of government and economic governance, local government».
Following that, the solution of listed tasks requires carrying out the special researches and development connected to creation of methods and algorithms, capable to control the information authenticity in structure of data transfer packages at the expense of use the enclosed redundancy, and able to function in transport environment, eliminating existing lacks. This fact causes necessity of allocation of a special class algorithms for providing of information authenticity on the basis of new type of PR-rcdundancy (property redundancy), defined by depending on properties of processed object.
Purpose of research is development ol constructive methods, models, algorithms and systems of information authenticity control during transfer and processing of the data on the basis of mechanisms used PR-rcdundancy of various nature, and software and algorithmic realization of results for developing technologies of electronic document interchange.
Scientific novelty of disscrtational research consists in the following:
concept, methodology and software and algorithmic bases to construction methods, models and algorithms for the information authenticity control in systems of electronic document interchange arc developed, classes of objects characterized by PR-rcdundancy, applied to provide accuracy, integrity, efficiency, compression, availability of information resources in EDIS arc allocated;
methods and algorithms arc offered for control of information reliability at the expense of use the artificial redundancy on the basis of linear, modular, plane summing mechanisms and definition of belonging to the coded subsets;
methods and software complexes arc developed for control of information reliability at the expense of use the natural redundancy on the basis of algorithms in which procedures of statistical, arithmetic, parsing coding, n-gram structured description, statistical pattern recognition and hashing of text elements arc realized;
for control and correction of spelling mistakes in texts on Uzbek language methods and algorithms arc offered on the basis of models of multilevel morphological analysis and n-grams Grammatik description;
on the basis of enclosed logic criteria, database and knowledgebase in structure of the built-in expert systems methods and algorithms arc developed for the control of information authenticity at the expense of use the structural-technological PR-rcdundancy;
methods arc offered to synthesis algorithms of text information reliability control in interactive system of errors detection and correction for developing technologies of electronic document interchange.
Conclusion
1. Developed in the dissertation constructive methods, models, software and algorithms complexes to control of information authenticity by principles of using of PR-rcdundancy on the basis of concepts of system analysis, control and information processing allow to increase efficiency and productivity of EDIS.
2. The estimation of current state of the theory and practice of code, hardware and program methods of control of authenticity information transfer had shown insufficiency of existing types of redundancy for providing qualitative functioning of EDIS. Principles of use of PR-rcdundancy at electronic documents for working out applied methods, software and algorithmic complexes to providing of information transfer authenticity have allowed to design toolkit of development of existing technologies.
3. Methods of: linear, plane and modular summation; codings by rules of Haffman, Lempcl-Ziv-Velch, Barrousc-Willcr, arithmetic coding, statistical recognition, logic control form methodical bases of use of PR-rcdundancy for expansion possibilities of algorithms and software complexes to providing of the information authenticity during drawing up, transfer and processing of electronic documents texts.
4. Efficiency of developed algorithms is shown and solutions arc got for tasks of control the information authenticity on the basis of criterion of mistakes undctccting probabilities. It is established, that they find up to 92 % of all kinds of mistakes, capable to correct single, double and adjacent transpositional mistakes, in comparison with existing methods reduce labour content and cost of control in 2-3 times if probability of mistakes is accepted as P«4-10-3, and also raise the information authenticity up to three orders.
5. To solving tasks of control and correction of spelling mistakes in Uzbek texts methods, algorithms and systems arc developed included morphological and n-gram structured models. The developed technique of getting frequency characteristics of n-gram on the basis of distortions probability parameters statistics arc applied during systematization hash-codes for parsing coding.
6. Interpolation and extrapolation methods of construction the logic and arithmetic function of statistical recognition arc used for working out algorithms to control of text elements images authenticity. Methods arc developed to control authenticity of alarm characteristics of text elements images in ncuronctworking system to information processing which includes parts of automatic recognition and control of images signals. Methods and algorithms arc realized in the structure system to control of information authenticity for eases when information in EDIS is represented as metatext on the basis of belonging attributes and classification of metatext on fuzzy semantic hypcrnct.
7. Methods and algorithms of the control of the information authenticity, based on methods of dictionary, statistical and hash-codings provide effective applying of the hardware-software environment of parallel computations NVIDIA with use of standard libraries of numerical analysis, optimized data exchange between CPU and GPU for optimization.
8. It is determined that at realization of the system to control of spelling on the basis of developed ways of description and identification of the software shell, treelike representation of n-gramm grammar and architecture of framework Sfinks-4 focused on various language models used PR-rcdundancy, the number of undetected errors and cost of realization considerably decreases, and labour content in comparison with the spelling control system on the basis of morphological analysis decreases twice.
9. Developed simulating algorithms, complexes of software and systems to control of information authenticity on the basis of using PR-rcdundancy have found practical application in systems of: automated organization of educational environment in high schools; adapted data transfer, processing and analysis in infocommunication networks; EDIS of enterprises.
10. The developed software complexes to control the information authenticity in structure of EDIS and computer system of adapted transfer, handling and data analysis arc implemented in real working conditions in the Samarkand branch «UzTelecom» of the State committee or communication, for informatization and telecommunication technologies of the Republic of Uzbekistan and in Joint Venture «Tasty-Fuit». Appropriate certificates confirm cost of economical efficiency of dissertation results.
In the medieval history of the rule of Egypt, a special place is occupied by the sultans of the Tulunids, Ihshids and Mamluks. Religious - historical monuments and shrines built during this period can provide comprehensive information about the rule of the Sultans. This article discusses the historical events associated with the period of the reign of the Mamluks in Egypt in 1250-1517, and the undeniable historical facts that led them to the throne of Egypt. The author of the article also touches on issues related to the rule of the Burjit sultans (1382-1517); the history of the emergence of the Burjitian Mamluks who came to the throne after the Bakhrite Mamluks is consistently highlighted. An analysis of the historical process regarding their coming to power is also carried out. Another feature and significance of the period under study is the rapid spread and penetration of Turkic elements into Arab culture.
The article analyzes the scientific and
theoretical issues of identifying and eliminating gaps in acts of legislation. The methods and range of subjects to identify gaps in the legislation and the directions of their activities are reviewed. The conclusions on methodological problems of identifying gaps in the legislation are suggested..
This article focuses on the methodological approach to the development of the philosophy of medicine, the methodological problems of medicine and the reforms carried out in the field of medicine today, as well as the philosophical issues of training qualified personnel in the field of medicine.
The article describes the theoretical and methodological requirements of the organization of legal studies. Especially, it is found answerfor the reflection study of the forms and methods of research problems of legal science in the contemporary conditions. Furthermore, some important suggestions and recommendations are presented in the article.
In this article matters about using and preventing of lands in agro sphere were analyzed, offers and recommendations were given.
Geopolitical transformations and their impact on the energy system are closely related to the formation of the modern world order, and the energy factor plays an increasingly important role in international relations. Currently, energy security is regulated not only by the laws of a market economy, but also by geopolitical interests. Recently, it has been observed that subjects of international relations are trying to use the energy and raw materials factor to advance their interests. In the modern world order, fierce competition and the struggle for energy resources have taken a new turn. Leading countries are striving to establish themselves firmly in regions with large reserves of raw materials. Relations in the field of production, transportation and supply of energy to foreign markets are directly related to geopolitical processes. Therefore, under the influence of geopolitical transformations, this form of relationship changes systematically and functionally. The modern international energy system is affected by the forces and factors inherent in the world order, and is becoming increasingly complex. Geopolitical transformations have a significant impact on the international energy regime, creating a new configuration of geopolitical forces. New large consumer centers are emerging in the international arena, and competition between them is growing. The emergence of new centers of power has a significant impact on international energy relations. Energy conflicts between power centers and other actors weaken the foundations of global energy security. At the same time, the lack of effective international legal mechanisms to ensure energy security complicates the energy situation. This article discusses the impact of geopolitical transformations in East Asia on energy security, geopolitical processes in the region, the impact of the geostrategic, geo-economic interests of leading countries on international and regional energy relations, the impact of economic competition and political tension on markets, investment and energy resources of the countries of the region on the total security of the region, the geopolitical situation in the region and the participation of leading states, as well as international and regional political and economic structures. Also highlights problems of energy security in East Asia, the energy situation in the region, current issues of energy in the region, energy policy and cooperation of the countries of the region, the main directions of modern architecture of energy security in East Asia, energy strategies of the countries of the region, the institutional foundations of energy security, the problems facing energy diplomacy of the states of the region, the impact of regional conflicts on energy security and other relevant issues facing today's energy security in the region. It also provides analytical forecasts of the future energy situation in the region and in the international arena. The article concludes with scientific recommendations aimed at ensuring energy security and enhancing the effectiveness of cooperation in the context of geopolitical transformation.
The article describes some topical issues in the field of foreign trade, in particular, the export of agricultural products, which is one of the important factors in the development of our
national economy. Some problems related to the period of independence in this area and the experience of their solution is discussed. There is also a description of the issues of the current quality period and the author's descriptions.
The study discusses some key issues regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the international relations, the global economy. According to the author, slackening of economic relation in global economy, the falldown of Gross Domestic Product, has counted against many national economies and for global economy as a whole. In this context, it is also necessary to emphasize that the issue will negatively affect the cultural and humanitarian relations between the countries, which will also affect and slow down the pace of development of international relations after the pandemic. The situation that has developed in the world as a result of a pandemic makes it clear that the emergence of any disease, epidemic, threatens its mass spread among millions of people and not a single country or state is protected from this, and the consequences apply to absolutely all spheres of life of a human being. At present, for many states, along with political and economic problems that need urgent solutions, the construction of hospitals, their equipping and provision of medical personnel, the lack of which is especially acute in the context of the global epidemic, has become especially priority. And, in such conditions, the development of multilateral cooperation is acutely felt, actions together based on the principles of cooperation in solving priority problems. The following tasks are revealed in the article: study of the situation in the world related to the current spread of the coronavirus, the impact of the pandemic on international relations; measures taken by governments in a pandemic conditions and their effectiveness; Uzbekistan's experience in counteracting the pandemia; strengthening regional cooperation; Uzbekistan's initiatives to combat the pandemia. The general situation, connected with the spread of the pandemia is examined. The consideration is given to the measures applied by the countries’ governments in combating the coronavirus pandemia, as well as their effectiveness. The article presents the experience of Uzbekistan in combating a pandemia, initiatives to combat the crisis, as well as strengthening regional cooperation with neighboring countries at the current stage. Currently, only the beginning of regional cooperation between Central Asian states is observed. The study of the issues of spread of coronavirus, and its impact on international relations are not well-defined. Since the pandemic has spread throughout the world, there are a lot of questions for research, not only large-scale, but also local in nature. In the course of the work, the author applied a systematic approach.
This article analyzes the role of mass media in providing freedom of information of citizens and participation in the formation of public authorities and governing bodies
The study of the ethnogenesis and ethnic history of the Uzbek people began in the last quarter of the XIX century. In the twentieth century, many scientific researches have been conducted in this field. After the independence of Uzbekistan, the study of this topic has become a topical issue. In addition to ethnographic, archeological, anthropological, linguistic researches, the problems have been studied in the field of source studies. In the first years of independence, various scientific approaches to study ethnogenesis and ethnic history of the Uzbek people emerged. Researchers have abandoned the ideological stereotypes that prevailed in the Soviet era and conducted scientific research. The writing of historical works changed theoretically and methodologically, and began to write the history of the people objectively. The theoretical and methodological approach that emerged during the Soviet era and the use of published literature also continued. Source studies made researchs in the field of the history of the Turkic peoples, their historical formation, geographical location, ethnic
processes, the role of the Turkic peoples in public administration, socio-economic relations of
the Turkic peoples in the Middle Ages. Much attention was paid to highlighting the place of
the Turkic peoples in history. Ancient Arabic-Persian sources explored ethnic and ethno-
political processes in the Central Asian region. During the years of independence, the study
of ancient Chinese sources developed. In the ancient Chinese sources it has collected
information about the peoples of Central Asia. The names and location of the unknown Turkish tribes have been clarified. The literature published by the source scholar Ablat Khodjaev provided with new information on the history of the peoples of Central Asia in ancient Chinese sources. Researcher X.M.Mamadaliev studied the peoples of the region, ethnic processes in Central Asia in the IX-XII centuries, in particular, the formation of the ethnogenesis of the Uzbek people, the processes of statehood on the basis of Arabic sources. In recent years, Shamsiddin Kamoliddin interpreted the terms “Uzbek” and “Uzbekistan” in ancient Arabic-Persian sources. There are also articles about Uzbek tribes. During the years of independence, as a result of source studies, a number of scientific works, a small number of dissertations, many articles on the ethnogenesis and ethnic history of the Uzbek people were published. A number of issues on the subject remained open. The article provides a systematic analysis of the study of this problem in source studies. The views and scientific approaches of source scholars on the ethnogenesis and ethnic history of the Uzbek people are also covered.
In the modern world, the principles of secular society dominate, on the one hand, and on the other, the process of the initial revival of religious consciousness, one of the ancient sources of popular culture. That is why religion has become a social institution on the agenda of many issues related to the role and status of modern society. Issues such as secularism, which implies the free, independent and independent activity of the spheres of public life. In this sense, this article is devoted to the analysis of this complex and controversial social process and its relevance. In the article, the term “secularization” occurs in terms of history and logic: the linguistic meaning of a word, its comparative and critical analysis of its definitions by various authors. At the same time, the objective and subjective factors behind the secularization process were uncovered. Specific examples of the sociocultural life of the West and the East are studied in detail and the content of the term "secularization" is defined. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the views of modern philosophers on this issue, the analysis of theoretical views proposed by various academic schools. General and specific aspects of the description and approach are highlighted, the author’s own views on them are described and definitions of the concept of “secularization” are developed. Based on recent studies, general theoretical conclusions are given. As it is known, the secularization paradigms in the modern world are gradually changing. In this sense, secularization is not a feature of all societies. It should be noted that in the process of change, religious issues are at the center of public debate and, in some cases, at the center of controversy. However, secularization remains the core of the modern world, although religion is likely to occupy a huge space. Based on the above analysis, we can say that the processes of secularization are not based on a specific standard in different societies, and in each society there is a certain limit. Based on historical analysis, modern definition and description, secularization is a complex social process associated with the role of religion in society, and can be replaced by changing the order of religious traditions based on rational principles based on the principle of secularism.
The article deals with the questions connected with the systems of military terminology and synchrony and diachrony in military terminology reflecting science development process and political situation in the world. Questions of terminology and dctcrminology as a result of interaction of military terms and in general use vocabulary as well as role of metaphor in functioning and changing military terminology is stated.
In the article the author considered some theoretical questions connected with definition of a place of the international private law in the law system. In the main part of the article it is revealed the ratio of the international private law as small legal system of the Republic of Uzbekistan with other standard and legal structures.
The article discusses issues related to the ways of using verb synonyms. In particular, the range of issues related to the study of synonymy is wide. Interest in studying the ways of using verb synonyms is of interest from both practical and theoretical points of view. It has deep social roots and is closely related to the issues of the culture of speech, which cover not only the norms of the language, but also the skillful conscious selection of linguistic means, as well as their expedient use. The stylistic differentiation of the Persian language, the structural diversity of verbs opens up many opportunities for the development of various methods of using verb synonyms. In the development of various ways of using verb synonyms, not only the verb part of complex verbs, but also the nominal part participates. In addition, to give the statement different stylistic shades, various idiomatic verb phraseological units are used. The presence of a developed synonymy in the language is an indicator of the richness of the language. The functional value of synonyms is realized in speech. Therefore, when using synonyms, certain techniques are developed that help to reveal the individual signs of synonyms, emphasize their characteristic features, enhance or, conversely, reduce the strength of the expressed expression. On the other hand, the characteristic features of synonyms are diverse. This is due to the stylistic and emotional coloring, imagery, associativity. That is why the methods of using synonyms and their stylistic functions are of particular interest.
The article deals with the questions connected with the systems of military terminology and synchrony and diachrony in military terminology reflecting science development process and political situation in the world. Questions of terminology and dctcrminology as a result of interaction of military terms and in general use vocabulary as well as role of metaphor in functioning and changing military terminology is stated.
This scientific article analyzes the importance of the conceptual ideas put forward in the address of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan to the Parliament of December 28, 2018. Special attention is paid to their importance in raising large-scale reforms in the country to a new level, carried out on the basis of an Action strategy. In particular, the issues of deepening globalization processes occurring in the world and difficult international situation under its influence, the need to take into account the international situation in the process of independent political development, the main tasks of further improving the effectiveness of the political system, democratizing society at the current stage of our country are illuminated in it. The President’s address paid special attention to improving the practice of strengthening parliamentary oversight over decisions, passing laws and applying democratic mechanisms in the activities of parliament. The article also deals with the optimization of the executive system, justified in the address of the President, about topical issues of increasing the efficiency of the activities of the Cabinet of Ministers. The author of the article talks about the most advanced models of modern democracy being implemented in our country. In particular, he sets forth his analytical thoughts on such concepts as “Democracy of monitoring”, “Deliberative democracy”, “E-democracy”, “Mobile democracy” and on other new models of democracy. The article analyzes the great goals and objectives related to the achievement of great results, based on modern mechanisms and principles of democracy in the context of the implementation of innovative state policy containing the actual needs of our country’s renewal and development based on the most advanced requirements of our time, which were set forth in the address of the President. At the same time, it is shown that the leading principles, the philosophy of the implementation of innovation policy express the expectations and aspirations of our people. In this regard, the article presents the conclusions about the importance of the implementation of modern innovative democratic development in society.
Фан, техника, санъат ёки касб соҳалари ривожланиши билан инсон имкониятлари доираси ҳам кенгайиб боради. Табиийки глобалашган дунёда хавф-ҳатарлар сони ҳам шунча ортади. Ҳозирги даврда содир этилаётган жиноятлар охирги ўн йилги жиноятлардан ўзининг техник, тактик ва методик усуллари билан кескин фарқ қилади. Хусусан, коррупция билан боғлиқ жиноятлар жумласидан. Тадқиқотнинг методологик асосини Ўзбекистон Республикаси Президентининг “2022–2026 йилларга мўлжалланган янги Ўзбекистоннинг тараққиёт стратегияси тўғрисида” ПФ–60-сон фармони, шунингдек, жиноят-процессуал қонунчилигини такомиллаштиришга доир раҳбарий кўрсатмалар асосида ишлаб чиқилган. Шунингдек, мазкур мақоланинг асосий мақсади коррупцияга қарши курашишнинг ўзига хос анъанавий ва янги методологик асосларини ишлаб чиқиш, шунингдек бошқарув тартибига қарши жиноятларга барҳам беришда қонунчиликка илмий асослантирилган назарий хулосалар, амалий таклиф ва тавсиялар ишлаб чиқишдан иборатдир