The article discusses the causes and conditions for the emergence and development of the shadow economy, the content and structure of the shadow economy, the socio-economic and political consequences of the shadow economy and ways to overcome them. Conduct a socio-economic analysis of the shadow economy as a threat to economic security
Uzbekistan is moving into a more complex phase of socio-economic reforms. An important mediumterm task is to ensure the inclusiveness and transparency of reforms. At the same time, a significant amount of the shadow economy hinders the processes of achieving Uzbekistan’s strategic goals. The presence of a shadow economy in Uzbekistan, in our opinion, is a system-forming problem. Even officially, the shadow economy of Uzbekistan is estimated at 48% of the country’s GDP. A high level of shadow turnover remains in the service sector, especially in trade and public catering, road transport, housing construction and repair, and the provision of accommodation services. Despite the achieved results of the reforms, the republic’s economy remains predominantly not free, which ultimately contributes to the departure of entrepreneurs to the shadow sector. Let us single out that the shadow economy in Uzbekistan is able to act as a catalyst for social tension in society. To reduce it, it is necessary to help the population to work legally, to interest them in this. It is important to minimize the control functions and powers of ministries and departments that contribute to the risks of the shadow economy and corruption, formation in society of a feeling of intolerance towards it, promotion of the prestige of legal business
The article describes the main sectors of the shadow economy, the causes of the shadow economy, and the effects of the shadow economy.
Machine building leads among the other branches of industry in the use of high technology and has a large multiplicative effect in economy. Especially, machine building plays the key role in spreading of the leading machines, equipment and technological process and in other branches of economy. Modern tendency of development of machine building in world economy, in the East Asian countries Japan, China), as well, perspects of development of the branches in Uzbekistan with the account of experience of modern industrial countries are studied here.
The big changes in contemporary society are strongly influenced by the rapid development of the versatile new technologies, which especially are based on extensive digitalization and urbanization, and often characterized as the 4lh industrial revolution or smart city development. This general trend has a major impact on all areas of society. Although the development is based on the technologies, however, people have the most important role to play in it as individuals and members of various organizations and societies. For instance, the development has big impacts on occupations and working conditions (Schwab and Samans, 2006). This development provides opportunities for the well-being of individuals, but there is also a risk of human mechanization, and in terms of privacy, the situation is challenging. Also, the old question of human-machine relations and the human possibilities of intelligent machines have become a topic of discussion. Although it is unlikely that the machines will become too human-like, a more current risk is that people become machine-like creatures that do not care about each other and cannot handle each other humanly. Artificial intelligence changes our perception of humanity. The intelligence should be developed to maintain the balance between human intelligence and machine intelligence. Understanding the importance of things that only a man is able to do is crucial (Hautamaki, 2018).