One of the important factors in linguistics is the study of a particular language based on its national and historical characteristics. The research clearly shows a reasonable aspect. This aspect is based on scientific and theoretical views and methods based on comparative historical, systemic and structural, anthropocentric paradigms, which do not deny, but complement each other in the study of lexical synonyms. The study of linguistic and speech relations of lexical synonyms determines the development of many rapidly developing areas of linguistics. Ensuring the effectiveness of the practical use of linguistic means, he puts on the agenda the scientific study of synonyms, based on the nature of the national language. The study of semantic and pragmatic relations between synonymous lexemes is one of the most pressing problems of modern linguistics. In our article, we will focus on the issue of improving art, distinguishing meaning from synonymous strings used in Turkish wishes/ applause/prayers. Turkish linguistics developed rapidly and reached its peak, the importance of national and cultural factors made it a priority to increase the volume of research in various fields of science. Linguistic and speech relations of lexical synonyms used in Turkish wishes, applause/prayers, in particular, the structure of synonymous lexemes, semantic volume, speech position, the issue of synonyms, their pragmatic content, unification and regulation of synonyms in this article. In this context, the widespread use of synonymous series in modern consumption, a multifaceted complex analysis of speech and linguistic relations of lexical synonyms shows the relevance and importance of the topic.
Мазкур мақола 18-19 асрларда рус лисоний жамиятида француз сўзлар ва нутқий формулалар мавжуд бўлган рус бадиий асарлардаги матнлар келтирган. Бундай француз ўзлашмалар рус бадиий матнлардаги структур-семантик хусусиятлари таҳлил қилинди
The second half of the twentieth century is remarkable for the development of memoir literature and the significant interest in it of both readers and literary critics, because of increasing in the selfconsciousness of a human being who realizes his close connection with history. The study of the development of memoir literature from the point of view of the history of individual art forms, the analysis of the genre and poetic specificity of works opens up wide opportunities for understanding the general trends and evolution of memoiristics as a whole. This article makes an attempt to trace the historical stages of the origin and development of Hindi memoir literature and determine in it the place of the outstanding Hindi writer Vishnu Prabhakar who through the prism of artistic perception in his memoir works depicts the era of his time by subjectively understanding the changes taking place not only in the structure of Indian society but also in its mind.
Subject of research: literary dialogue as a verbalizor of linguistic personality
Aim of research: to define the model of linguistic personality, proceeding from its cognitive and discourse peculiarities in literary dialogues.
Methods of research: descriptive, stylistic, communicative-pragmatic analysis, method of cognitive modeling, method of parameterization, method of inference, cross-cultural analysis.
The results obtained and their novelty: 1) the model of linguistic personality consisting of its semantic, stylistic, linguocognitive, linguocultural levels, has been defined; 2) semantic, stylistic and pragmatic peculiarities of linguistic personality promoting the cognitive principles of foregrounding in literary discourse have been studied; 3) the cognitive model of linguistic personality based on the correlation of language and mental activities has been discussed; 4) the analysis of linguocultural level of linguistic personality reflecting the peculiarities of cultural concepts and national-cultural specificity, has been done.
Practical value: the material of the research can be used in teaching theoretical and practical courses on Text linguistics, Cognitive Linguistics, Stylistics, Linguocultural Studies, in writing research works, textbooks and manuals.
Degree of embed: the results of the research have been applied in the course of teaching the following disciplines: “Text Interpretation”, “Stylistics”, “Comparative Stylistics” “Cognitive Linguistics” in the higher educational establishments.
Sphere of usage: General Linguistics, Stylistics, Cognitive Linguistics, Text Interpretation, Linguoculturology, Gender Linguistics.
This article is an overview of issues related to literary translation, which tells about the history of the study of literary translation, its formation as a science, and talks about its education. It provides information on the history of the industry, scientists who have contributed to the development of the industry. The article reflects scientific views on literary translation, which can be viewed not only from translation, but also from linguistic anguish of view as an object of research. Indeed, the features of the use of metaphor, metonymy, lexicostylistic examples and phraseological units in the original literary text and the methods of their translation, the strategies for translating these linguistic units and the translation technology based on the comparison of two different translations are closely related to linguistics. ¬ We can say that literary translation as a complex direction is a very interesting science that has a sufficient base of scientists for different approaches to it, views, scientific conclusions. From a linguistic point of view, the study of its various aspects is the same object of study, as well as its aspects of speech, communicative, psychological, etymological, cultural, philosophical, religious. Its classification features can also be considered as the focus of scientists, an object of study for various scientific studies. In this sense, in the article to the classification of literary translation are also analyzed. We can also see that its classification features have been at the center of attention of scientists and as an object of study of various scientific studies. Reflecting on classifications or attempts made in European and Uzbek translation studies, the author defines various approaches to disclosing aspects of translation and the need to enrich its classification characteristics.
Диний ақидапарастликнинг мазмун-моҳияти ҳақида маълумотга эга бўлиш уни тушунишни анча ойдинлаштиради. Ақида (араб. «ишонч») мутаассиб диндорлар учун мажбурий бўлган, улар шак келтирмасдан, муҳокама қилмасдан бажариш, эътиқод қилиш лозим деб ҳисоблайдиган диний талабдир.
Юртимизда кенг кўламда амалга оширилаётган суд-ҳуқуқ ислоҳотлари шароитида жиноят-процессуал қонунчиликнинг мақсад ва вазифаларини тўлақонли рўёбга чиқариш бирмунча мураккаб вазифа ҳисобланади. Чунки, белгиланган устувор вазифаларни амалга ошириш муайян ташкилий-ҳуқуқий тадбирларни ҳам амалга оширишни тақазо этади. Жиноят ишини кўриш натижасида чиқарилган ҳукм, ажрим ва қарорларни қонуний, асосли ва адолатли бўлишлиги жиноят-процессуал қонунчиликнинг мақсад ҳамда вазифаларини рўёбга чиқаришнинг муҳим шарти саналади. Бунда судлар мустақиллиги ва улар фақат қонунга бўйсуниши принципи ўта муҳим аҳамият касб ўтади.
This article is devoted to the problem of typology of lexical difficulties in teaching Chinese language to students-philologists of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The author covers the views of scientists on the comparative study of the vocabulary of native and foreign languages, considers the views of various researchers on the nature of interference, describes the set of conditions by which its nature is determined. In the comparative analysis of the two languages there are two tasks - linguistic and methodological. The task of linguistic analysis is to identify everything general and distinctive in these languages as fully and in depth as possible. The task of metho-dological analysis is to select from all material identified as a result of linguistic analysis one that can facilitate the consistent introduction of lexical material into the educational process, i.e., that contributes to the intensification of the educational process. The Uzbek and Chinese languages belong to different language families. The Chinese language in terms of morphological classification belongs to the isolating type, and it is generally accepted that the main feature of languages of this type is the immutability of words and the absence of formal, or morphological, elements in a word. It follows that the Chinese language is in a difficult relationship with concepts such as syllable and morpheme. The Uzbek language refers to agglutinative languages, in which the grammatical forms of words (case forms) are formed by affixation, that is, adding standard suffixes (endings) to the word base. The categories of difficulties encountered by philological students of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the lexical layer of the Chinese language - they are associated with the form of the word, meaning and use. The categories of difficulties encountered by in the lexical layer of the Chinese language are highlighted - they are related to the form of the word, meaning and use.
Description of the semantics of the verb is a complicated process since the semantics of the verb is closely related to its distribution. In view of the foregoing, verbs are classified by the expression of directional movement and the presence or absence of subject/object, if there is one, by its quantity. In the Chinese language, there are verbs of motion that, besides movement, also express direction. These verbs can act as an independent verbal predicate or an appositive adjunct known as directive additional parts, a modifier or directional morpheme in a sentence. Verbs 来 [lái] “to come” and 去 [qù] “to go” are basic verbs of the direction of movement. Compound verb of the direction of movement is also formed by adding these verbs. If the action of the verb is getting closer to the speaker, 来 is used. If the action is moving away from the speaker, 去 is used. 来 [lái] “to come” is one of the basic verbs of the direction of movement. 来 [lái] is a polysemous word and it can act as notional or auxiliary verb in a sentence, as well as in the function of a syntactic word. The specificity of the semantics of the verb 来 [lái] lies in the fact that in addition to the orientation or direction of movement, it indicates the narrative clause, what information the speaker wants to emphasize. In this article, the verb properties of 来 [lái] are studied and ways to actualize their meanings in the Uzbek language are identified. The models 来 [lái] in the functions of the main and auxiliary verbs have been studied, as well as in the function of a syntactic word based on materials of the book by Lu Shusyan “现代汉语八百词吕 叔湘” (“800 words of modern Chinese”). The similarities and differences between the semantics of the verbs 来[lái] in Chinese and kelmoq in Uzbek are described.