AIM: To analyze clinicofunctional and echobiometric indicators of the eyes in children with target refraction, pseudofacial myopia, and their mothers.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the eye department of the clinic of the Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute, a correlation analysis of optical and echobiometric indicators was conducted in 30 children (30 eyes) with artifakia and their mothers (60 eyes). Visiometry, keratorefractometry, and ultrasound examination (A/В scan of the eyeball) were conducted. Children were examined 12-14 months after CC extraction with intraocular lens (I0L) implantation.
RESULTS: A strong direct correlation was determined between the optical power of lOLs in children and their mothers who were theoretically planned for I0L implantation of lOLs in the group that has achieved target refraction. This may indicate the possibility that the child has the same optical power as the mother and the optical power of lOLs in a child is the same as that in adults. No correlation was found between the optical power of the I0L in the eyes of children with pseudophakic myopia and maternal artificial lenses theoretically planned for implantation.
CONCLUSION: The direct strong correlations between the optical power of the I0L of children and the lenses of their mothers in the group with the target refraction achieved by this age make it possible to use the optical power of maternal lenses as a “guideline" when calculating the power of the I0L implanted in children to achieve the target refraction. The lack of correlation between the refractive powers of the I0L in children with pseudophakic myopia and the lenses of mothers may indicate that the SRKII formula with age-related hypocorrection is not adapted to calculate the I0L power in children at risk of excessive refractive enhancement after surgery.
Вопрос поражений хрусталика при сахарном диабете давно привлекает внимание офтальмологов. По данным разных авторов, поражение хрусталика наб-сдаетея у 2-62% больных диабетом и занимает второе месте по частоте поражения органа зрения. Учитывая данные отечественной и зарубежной литературы о поражениях хрусталика как об одной из причин слепоты при сахарном диабете, или провели изучение распространенности катаракты на основе клинико-эпидемиологического обследования 600 вольных сахарным диабетом. Возраст обследуемых больных колебался от 16 до 80 лет, мужчин было 273, женщин 327.
Каждый год более чем одному миллиону человек выполняют хирургическое лечение по поводу катаракты (помутнения хрусталика, в норме прозрачной линзы, расположенной внутри глаза). В настоящее время в большинстве случаев, после проведения операции по поводу удаления катаракты, для восстановления зрения используются искусственные хрусталики (ИОЛ) или искусственные внутриглазные линзы. Имплантация факичной линзы производится через разрез роговицы длиной 3.03.5 мм. Настоятельно рекомендуется проведение интраоперационной или предварительной иридэктомии. Для того, чтобы убедиться, что не произошло повышение внутриглазного давления, пациента осматривают через несколько часов после операции. Обязательно наготове должен быть набор для экстракции катаракты, если произойдет интраоперационное повреждение хрусталика.
Article is devoted to the definition of civil legal regime of computer viruses. The article studied the characteristics of a computer virus from other objects of civil rights and a detailed analysis of the following aspects: 1) an intangible object of civil turnover; 2) the transaction, the content of which does not comply with the legislation, as well as perfect for a purpose known to the opposing principles of public order or morality; 3) the source of increased danger; 4) force majeure; 5) occurrence basis of tort liability; 6) the ratio of the legal regime of computer viruses and computer programs.
The article examines Iran's active efforts to establish cooperation in the field of educational and cultural projects with the states of the region are shown. An overview is given of Iran's potential in Central Asia to use soft power, particularly public diplomacy, and examples of Tehran's use of these resources are shown. The reaction of the political elites of Central Asian countries to the policy of Tehran is studied. The dynamics of Iranian presence in the Central Asian educational market are analyzed. In particular, the increase of Iranian presence in the educational market of Kyrgyzstan and its relative decrease in Tajikistan in recent years are noted. It also reveals the peculiarities of Iranian education policy in Central Asian states and the fear of local elites about the growing influence of religious identity in the region.
In the modern world, various states pay special attention to their cultural diplomacy and the formation of their image. The purpose of cultural diplomacy is to strengthen international relations with foreign countries and influence on the system of international relations. It also plays an important role in shaping the image and improving status in the world community. The cultural factor, as a “soft power” in international politics, seriously affects the socio-economic processes in the world and international relations. The term "soft power" refers to cultural diplomacy conducted by a particular state. Japan, which is one of the developed countries of the world, pays special attention to the soft power factor in foreign policy. It is known that Japan managed to preserve the values of its national culture, despite the fact that it used the achievements of Western civilization for many decades. And therefore, modern Japanese culture is characterized by the fact that it harmoniously combines tradition and modernity. Thanks to the successful combination of national characteristics and the achievements of computer digital technologies, Japan has become a world leader among information societies. Cultural diplomacy not only serves Japan to resolve many issues of a political and economic nature, but also integrates it deeper into the international community and enhances its image in the international arena. Thus, Japan, effectively using the processes of globalization, has achieved world recognition of its culture through the development of cultural diplomacy. In this regard, it is of interest to us to study the best practices of Japan in this area.
В настоящее время в хирургии катаракт отмечается тенденция к уменьшению разреза и проведение операции бесшовным методом с целью доведения до минимума травмы, инфекции, послеоперационного астигматизма, времени операции, стоимости затраченных средств на лечение и 100% возможности имплантации ИОЛ. Известно множество методик удаления ядра через малые разрезы. Наиболее распространенная методика - удаления ядра хрусталика через малый разрез в верхненазальном квадранте, предложенная докторами К. Kowano, A. Momose (Япония). В 1999 году С.Н. Федоровым и Б.Э. Малюгиным предложена методика удаление ядра через склеророговичный туннель в верхнем квадранте и внедрена в офтальмологическую клинику I-ТашГосМИ А.А. Ахроровым с 2000 года.
Prevention of visual disability should begin in childhood. To plan high-tech specialized ophthalmic care for young patients, it is necessary to monitor the structure of ophthalmopathology in infants in leading domestic children's medical institutions. Purpose of the study. The study of the structure of eye diseases in infants based on the materials of the department of ophthalmology of the clinic of the Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute (TashPMI). Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of statistical coupons of case histories of 685 patients aged 0 to 1 years who were hospitalized in the ophthalmological department of the TashPMI clinic for 2018-2021 was carried out. Results and conclusion. The spectrum of nosological units revealed the predominance of glaucoma (41.3%) and lens diseases (30.4%). At the same time, it was noted that eye injuries (10.5%), diseases of the eyelids, lacrimal ducts (phlegmon of the lacrimal sac) and orbit (9.2%), although they did not occupy a leading position, nevertheless represented severe acquired lesions, which could have been prevented. Age-related aspects of nosologies are due to the timing of clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of pathologies, the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the child's body, and a decrease in parental control over children.
To study the results of IOL implantation in children with frequent respiratory diseases - conditionally frequently ill children (FCCI) taking into account the parameters of the composition of the chamber moisture of the eye. Material and methods: A retrospective and prospective analysis of the case histories of 50 children (50 eyes) aged from 1 to 5 years, who were treated in the eye department of the TashPMI clinic, was carried out. All patients underwent ophthalmological, clinical and laboratory studies: biochemical studies of blood and chamber moisture of the eye (EC). Results: The children were divided into 2 groups: the 1st group - 28 UCBD, the 2nd group (control) - 22 patients with no pathology from the somatic status. In patients of the 1st group, intraoperative complications occurred 1.8 times more often than in patients of the 2nd group, postoperative complications - 2.5 times more often. Of the late postoperative complications in patients of the 1st group, there was fibrosis of the posterior lens capsule (61%), poste-rior synechia (18%), and IOL dislocation (14%), which were indications for repeated surgical interventions. Conclu-sions: UCBD has a higher percentage of early postoperative inflammatory and late proliferative reactions. In patients of the 1st group, a significant increase in the protein content in the chamber moisture and a significant decrease in the protein level in the blood before cataract extraction were also revealed.
Congenital cataracts occupy a significant place in the structure of blindness and low vision and are one of the main causes of visual disability since childhood. Currently , cataract in children is one of the urgent problems of pediatric ophthalmology , given its fairly high prevalence and significant role in the structure of blindness and low vision . Due to clouding of the lens, the development of the visual analyzer is disrupted and amblyopia is formed, the treatment of which requires significant and lengthy efforts on the part of ophthalmologists and parents. Among the causes of blindness in children, the share of congenital cataracts varies from 7.5% (in developed countries) to 27.4% (in socially disadvantaged regions). The prevalence of cataracts in developed countries, as well as in Russia, is 1.6-2.4 per 100,000 children [25.].
Характерной особенностью врождённых катаракт является многообразие клинических форм в зависимости от локализации, вида и степени помутнения хрусталика. Полиморфизм клинических форм врождённых катаракт гребует неоднозначного подхода к лечебной тактике в каждом конкретном случае.
The article describes the factors affecting the target refraction of pseudophakic eyes of children after extraction of congenital cat-
aracts. The factors include features of the echobiometric parameters of the eye, refraction, comorbidity of congenital cataracts and
ocular pathologies, margins of error in calculating strength of the intraocular lens, localization and structure of the artificial lens,
as well as correction of obscure or refractive amblyopia in pseudophakic eyes. Development of the algorithm for correction of re-
sidual refraction of pseudophakic eyes in children both before and after IOL implantation with consideration of each of those fac-
tors currently remains a relevant problem.
Actuality. Prevention of visual disability should begin in childhood. To plan high-tech specialized ophthalmic care for young patients, it is necessary to monitor the structure of ophthalmopathology in infants in leading domestic children's medical
institutions. Purpose of the study. The study of the structure of eye diseases in infants based on the materials of the department of ophthalmology of the clinic of the Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute (TashPMI). Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of statistical coupons of case histories of 685 patients aged 0 to 1 years who were hospitalized in the ophthalmological department of the TashPMI clinic for 2018-2021 was carried out. Results and conclusion. The spectrum of nosological units revealed the
predominance of glaucoma (41.3%) and lens diseases (30.4%). At the same time, it was noted that eye injuries (10.5%), diseases of the eyelids, lacrimal ducts (phlegmon of the lacrimal sac) and orbit (9.2%), although they did not occupy a leading position, nevertheless represented severe acquired lesions that could be prevent. Age-related aspects of nosologies are due to the timing of clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of pathologies, the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the child’s body,
and a decrease in parental control over children.
Cataract in children, which is one of the leading causes of primary blindness, is a clouding of the lens. The prevalence of cataracts in developed countries, as well as in Russia, is 1.6–2.4 per 100,000 children. Intraocular lens (IOL) implantation has become widespread in recent decades and is considered the most optimal method for correcting aphakia. Despite the introduction of new high-tech methods of surgical treatment of congenital cataracts, there is currently a fairly high percentage of complications. All of the above does not reduce the urgency of the problem of treating children with congenital cataract (CC) and requires further research.
The main link in the treatment of congenital cataracts (VK) is the extraction of the lens with the
subsequent correction of ametropia by various methods, one of which is the implantation of an
intraocular lens (IOL). The aim of the study was to study the features of the course of the postoperative period in frequently ill children (FBI) after VC extraction. We examined 35 children
(59 eyes) with VK who are undergoing surgical treatment in the eye department of the clinic of the Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute. A comparative analysis showed significant changes in the hydrodynamic parameters of the eyes and a high percentage of intra- (hyphema in 71%, fibrin
reaction in 59%, prolapse of the vitreous in 47% of cases) and postoperative complications (corneal
edema in 36 %, inflammatory exudative reaction in the anterior Chambers: 1+, 2+ in 64% of cases) in FWB compared to children who are not in the category of frequently ill. The revealed feature
indicates the need for adequate management of the preoperative and postoperative periods in
Frequently ill children
Ushbu tesizda art-terapeyaning inson salomatligiga ta‘siri, insonlardagi psixologik kasalliklarni yengishga qo‘shadigan hissasi, art-terapeyaning hozirgi kundagi jamiyat rivojlanishidagi hissasi keltrilgan.
In our work, the stress reaction of the body, manifested in the digestive organs, was noted. Aggressiveness is an important form of zoosocial behavior in animals of different species, having adaptive significance and manifested by a species-specific set of behavioral reactions [4, 5]. But the peculiarities of the functioning of the digestive organs, depending on the behavioral characteristics of the body, are not sufficiently studied either in a normal state or under stress.
This paper provides an analysis of the institution of mitigation of punishment in the criminal legislation of the Commonwealth of Australia as well as issues of imposition of punishment with respect to juveniles, sentencing for inchoated offences and criminal complicity.
The article describes such concepts as culture in the system of globalization, public and cultural diplomacy, as well as some aspects of their implementation in the digital age, including the impact of cultural diplomacy carried out using digital technologies and being one of the elements of public diplomacy on international relations. The link between the decision of the elites and what measures were taken in the future is mentioned separately. It is also noted about the phenomenon of glocalization, that is, cultural character-istics and national values that are subject to modification in the context of globalization.