As it is known, the social status of occupation in the communication is determined, compared to the
participants-curry, relationship status, position and role in the family. Speech communication is an important tool for providing information about the social status of the participants. For example, the speech units selected by the owner, the speech etiquette forms can transport information about the social status of the speaker. In particular, the participants' concluding remarks in the life of society are received great attention in the communication culture of Uzbekistan. In this article deixis theory in linguistics, deixis of the social condition, its representatives are discussed. In communication gestural units they are mainly used to express participants' social condition. The social status of linguistics in the speech of the participants of the dialogue is pointed as social deixis, we used terminology of social condition deixis. After all, the social status (social further status) of speech participants is provided in terms of social deixis. The speech units that
express social status deixis not only explain speaker and social condition of other participants, but also inform about its subjective evaluation. Linguistic and also extralinguistic units are used to make deixis of social status in the Uzbek language. Language units of deixis of social status language include pronouns, contact units, social lexic units and some supplements. Personal pronoun organize complicated deictic character as a tool to form of social status and person's deixis. They indicate participants of the speech which makes clear individual's deixis and determine social status deixis via showing their relations and
social factors in the same time. Supplement -s which indicates grammar meaning of possession, personal
suffixes, respect does a task of clarifying social status deixis too. Also, one of active language units that could explain speech participants' social status is reference units. Reference units' have a special duty of not only grabbing attention of listener in the speech, but also defining social relationship between speech participants. Communication units are actively used as a tool of indicating speech participants' social status in our speech. Even spelling name incorrectly to the listener indicates disrespectfulness, lowness of listener's social status or using words that mean relativity with strangers’ services as a respect. In speech deictic points which have social symbol are used in lexical field too. This include socially specialized lexic units. In
the conversion of speech participants practicing certain field's representatives' special words, slangs indicate that they are in a one group and they are socially equal. Character (right) which was formed by human's job, position, adorenes identifies not only that person's duty (responsibility), but also his position along communicative act. Overall, in Uzbek language expression units of the social condition deixis are various, therefore when each of them are analysed deeply they could obviously give intriguing informations about not only pragmalinguistics, but also sociolinguistics of Uzbek linguistics' researches
This article is devoted to the study of Turkish phraseological units, special attention is paid to the study and analysis of phraseological units with the “baş” component. The main goal of the authors was to study somatic phraseological units, which include the “baş” component, study their semantics, and analyze their use in oral and written speech. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were identified: the study of the scientific literature on phraseological units; the study of scientific works devoted to somatic phraseological units of the Turkish language; finding sources related to the topic of the study, and collecting material; semantic analysis of somatic phraseological units with the “Baş” component; formulation of conclusions based on the results of the analysis. The article uses lexical-semantic and conceptual-analytical research methods. In the part of the article that illuminates the degree of knowledge of the topic, a comment is given to a number of noteworthy scientific papers. The article notes that language is a means of communication between members of society, serves a person as a means of helping to express their thoughts and inner experiences verbally and in writing, that each person, when presenting his thoughts, uses a number of ways to make his speech more beautiful and more informatively, that among these methods the use of phraseological units is the most effective. The authors emphasize that phraseological units enrich written and oral speech, and provide a more complete and clear presentation of thoughts. The article carried out a study of 217 phraseological units in which the “baş” component functions, shows the difference in their content, structure and composition, analyzes the most frequent phraseological units with the “baş” component used in oral and written Turkish speech. As a result of the analysis, a conclusion was made about the use of phraseological units with the “baş” component in various situations. Most of these phraseological units are used in a problem situation, the number of such phraseological units is 65. Along with this, the author notes the cases of using phraseological units with the “baş” component in the following situations: physical condition (29), mutual respect (17), in the process of excitement (14), and leadership and leadership (14).
In this article, the phraseological units with numerical components in Hindi are studied in detail. The article analyzes only the phraseological units in which the unit numbers are present. Their specific aspects have been explored. The examples analyzed were divided into groups such as phraseological integrity, phraseological compounding, and phraseological confusion, and different models were developed. The article finds that the phraseological units formed with the participation of unit numbers are mainly active in the number "one", while other numbers are used relatively less in the composition of phraseological units. Phraseologism involving the numbers "one", "two", "four" and "seven" are shown to be expressed in all three groups, unlike the other numbers. When numerical phraseological units are translated from Hindi into Uzbek, numerical lexemes lose their meaning and are often replaced by other words that enhance the meaning, and their specific features are explained in the interpretation of examples. The analysis of numerical component phraseological units in Hindi revealed that there are relatively few expressions specific to the form of the phrase, as well as the relatively frequent use of somatic nouns in phraseological units. In contrast to the examples in the group of other phraseological units were analyzed, it was also found that only the numerical lexemes were present in the examples belonging to the phraseological group.
The article examines the vocabulary of Korean legislation, its general features, lexical units with common features used in legislation, methodological features, functions, lexical units that differ in their place in the formation of an official text, including methodically lexical units, neutral units of general speech and formal Special units in the status of basic units that logically and semantically form the text, are considered on the example of articles from the basic law of the Korean language.
This article focuses on the study of speech units, especially the speech units used for addressing. Basically, the pragmatic features of the addressing units have been analyzed. The analysis of these features of the language has been carried out on the example of the Uzbek language. The article categorizes the pragmatics of the addressing units in the speech acts, justifying the problems and importance.
Linguocultural studies, a new branch of modern linguistics, studies a language not only as a means of knowing, but also as the cultural code of a nation. The idea that scientists which is seeing the world differently through the prism of the mother tongue is attracting a lot of new research among researchers. In linguistics, when cultural information is studied through language that carry information, such language units are grouped under the term linguocultural units. For example, realia, concept, lacunas, stereotypes, speech labels are all linguocultural units. The main tasks of linguocultural studies are to describe the linguistic picture of the world, the conceptosphere, which is a set of basic concepts of culture, the linguistic consciousness and linguistic units that reflect the national-cultural mentality of language owners, national socio-cultural stereotypes specific to speech. An analysis from the point of view of linguocultural studies in the study of cultural transfer in the translated text helps to study the language of the people's thinking in the study, its specific aspects of perception of the world. When a work of art is translated, the ideas in it, the factors that reflect the worldview of the nation, are also receptive to the text of the translation. Just as each language reflects the culture of that nation, so while the translated reader reads the work in his own language, some phrases encourage the reader to understand and imagine the work in terms of their own culture. That is, a single text can be understood and interpreted differently from the point of view of different peoples, nations. Because factors such as the nature, culture, customs, and religion in which a person lives influence his world of thoughts, concepts, and imaginations. The use of culturally colored words that are not found in the original text in the translated text is a factor in the fact that the translated text is a cultural transfer. While this may be the method the translator consciously uses to convey the idea of the sentence in the original text, it may also be the method chosen to ensure that the translated work is understandable to the reader. In either case, the most important factor in both methods is culture, which reflects the transfer of culture in the translated text.
Phraseology is the figurative type of fixed expressions that shows the linguist's perceptions about the world and events in a particular way. Phraseological expressions always reflect the worldview of people, the social structure and ideology of their time. As F. Buslayev argues, phraseology is like a peculiar small world with short, wise expressions of moral rules and truths inherited by ancestors. Phraseological units are translated from one language to another in four ways. First, the translator can make use of a target language phraseological unit which is identical to the source language phraseological unit in all five aspects of its semantics. Second, the source language phraseological unit can be translated by a target language phraseological unit which has the same figurative meaning, preserves the same emotive and stylistic characteristics but is based on a different image, that is, has a different literal meaning. Third, the source language phraseological unit can be translated by reproducing its form word-for-word in target language. Fourth, instead of translating the source language phraseological unit, the translator may try to explicate its figurative meaning, so as to preserve at least the main element of its semantics. Phraseological units do not allow for word-for-word translation: they require searching for the phraseological equivalent of another language, because the phraseology unit comes with an emotional meaning and stylistic expression. The article analyzed the use of four ways of translation of phraseological units from one language to another using examples from the book “Anthology of Modern Korean Prose”. The similarities between the phrases in different languages are often explained by the commonality of the living conditions, customs, and logical considerations of those peoples. Consequently, the Korean and Uzbek language, coming from one language family, share common mentality, and have some similarity in living conditions. Thus, it has contributed to the formation of many common phrases in their words. Such common phrases, which are equivalent in translation, are almost certainly not a problem. It is natural for every linguistic community to represent the world in a particular way. From this point of view, phrases in a particular linguistic community may not be culturally specific, have no equivalent or alternative in another language. In this case, a descriptive translation or a calque is used.
Phraseologisms are characteristic of all languages of the world, but they have their own special forms of expression. They reflect character traits, worldview, lifestyle of representatives of a particular people. Phraseologisms of any language, being associated with the geographical conditions of the country, historical development, state system and religion, are not always clear. In the Japanese language, there are many phraseological units that are not translated verbatim, but are perceived rethought and enhance the aesthetic aspect of the language.
The article deals with several thematic groups of Japanese phraseological units, which include the names of historical events, household items, the names of games, animals, which are included in the basic vocabulary of the language and reflect the processes characteristic of the language and its national specifics, and we can say that the overwhelming majority Japanese phraseological units reflect the mentality of the nation, originality, worldview of peoples - native speakers, i.e. phraseological units contain a cultural connotation that reflects the everyday empirical, historical, spiritual experience of the Japanese people.
The article under discussion depicts axiological characteristics of English, Uzbek and Russian phraseological units. The aim of the author was to study English, Uzbek and Russian phraseological units as a reflection of the national character and national values of the native speakers. The English, Uzbek and Russian phraseological fund is so large that a complete study of it would not fit into the framework of the target research. However, on the example of the phraseological units considered in the article it is possible to get an idea of the mentality of the British, Uzbeks and Russians.
Thе аnаlysis оf lаnguаgе mеаns usеd tо rеflесt сulturаl rеаliаs is а tоpiсаl prоblеm оf mоdеrn linguistiсs dеvеlоpmеnt. Аmоng its impоrtаnt dirесtiоns is thе studyоf thе phrаsеоlоgiсаl соnsistеnсy. Thе аnаlysis оf systеmiс соnnесtiоns аnd rеlаtiоns within thе limits оf phrаsеоlоgiсаl units is оf thе primаry impоrtаnсе. Аmоng thе lеаst invеstigаtеd аspесts оf phrаsеоlоgiсаl unit аnаlysis аrе thоsе соnnесtеd with thе nаturе аnd thе pесuliаritiеs оf its соnstituеnt pаrts. This fасt pоints tо thе tоpiсаlity оf thе pаpеr, whiсh аims а tthе аnаlysis оf phrаsеоlоgiсаl units with prоpеr nаmеs in thе Еnglish lаnguаgе. Thе primаry tаsk оf thе study is tо соnsidеr syntасtiсаl сhаrасtеristiсs оf thе phrаsеоlоgiсаl units with thе соmpоnеnt prоpеr nаmе
The main unit of linguoculturology is cultural connotation. Cultural conseption this is a mental unit, an information structure that serves to represent units of mental and psychic resources in the mind, as well as reflecting human experience and knowledge (E.S.Kubryakova), the main unit of culture (V.I.Karasik), the cell of culture in the human mind (yu.S.Stepanov). The linguistic and cultural approach to the concerto dictates the perception of concerto as a base unit of culture and reflects in itself the concepts that are important to a particular culture.
The constituents in the structure of the concept form the square of the concept or the constitutive.
The National Conservatory is the sum of the concretes that are considered characteristic for a concrete nation, the concept presents itself a concretes section, elements. Its elements manifest themselves in concrete communicative processes.
As a result of the analysis of the verification of the cones' Fire ' in phraseological units, it is possible to see that in the phraseological units with the fire component there are mainly figurative and valuable parts of the cones of Fire. Positive aesthetic evaluation is reflected in the following conceptual signs: Fire It 1) positive emotions (love, friendship, caress); 2) aspiration, diligence; 3) motivation Reserve. Negative aesthetic evaluation is reflected in the contextual signs of language combinations that represent the concepts of destruction, fire, War. Fire it is 1) fire, disaster, destruction; 2) War and shooting; 3) negative emotions: anger; 4) difficult test, suffering; 5) shortage of time; 6) reserve of criticism and XK.
In' Water ' component phraseological units, water is interpreted as 1) a kind of texture that expresses different situations in Life; 2) useless and inexpensive compared to other liquids; 3) sacred liquid. At the same time, water and fire are reflected in its semantics of concerted signs, such as devastation, natural disaster.
Thus, in the English linguistics, fire is mainly associated with negative coloring, with such concepts as destruction, suffering, War, Fire. This is due to the fact that the flame is a natural disaster, it can not be stopped when it is drowned, the battle strongholds are mainly associated with grass (arrow, shells, bombs). The fact that the concept of fire is associated with human feelings, is associated with the physiological characteristics of a person (when a person is angry, flushed, fell in love, increased body charisma, etc.)
This article demonstrates peculiarities of somatic phraseological units both Russian and English languages and gives the results of a comparative investigation of somtisms with the component “heart”. Linguocultural aspect of linguistics has been taken into consideration while doing research on comparing phraseological units of the languages. Paremia has been emphasized as a significant component of the conducted analysis.
Proverbs are concise expressions that encapsulate wisdom and cultural knowledge, serving as a rich source of linguistic and cultural insights. This article delves into the intricate relationship between lexical and phraseological units within proverbs. By examining how individual words and fixed expressions interact and contribute to the meaning and structure of proverbs, we can gain a deeper understanding of language usage, cultural norms, and cognitive processes. Through a comprehensive analysis of examples from various languages and cultures, this article aims to shed light on the dynamic and complex nature of proverbs as linguistic artifacts that bridge the gap between words and phrases.
The peculiarities of each language are manifested in phraseologisms – stagnant phrases, in which it is considered an important layer. Expressions express different relations between individuals in a short and concise manner, at the same time understandable and meaningful. The article draws on a comparative analysis of combinations of somatic words related to the field of phraseology. They were given on the basis of theoretical materials on phraseology, scientific literature and translation collections. In this article, a comparative translation of phraseologisms from the speech of heroes in artistic works was also analyzed. When translating phraseological units from Hindi into Uzbek, first of all, one must be able to choose their equivalent or alternative and apply the equivalent or alternative variants of the phrase in the Indian language. The main purpose of writing this article is to provide a comparative analysis of phraseologisms in the Indian language made of somatic nouns. The article examined the meanings of 3 semantic groups in comparative analysis. That is: a) full compatibility; B) partial compatibility; C) completely dissimilar; Phraseological units mainly V.M. Beskrovny’s II roof was concentrated on the surface of the first roof of the dictionary "Hindi-Russian Dictionary", from which the most active and non-somatic words were involved in the composition. In the article, mainly from Uzbek scientists the book “Explanatory phraseological Dictionary of the Uzbek language” by Sh. Rakhmatullaev was used to give alternative variants of Uzbek language. Phraseological units are translated in three different ways: each words translation; literal translation; meaning; In place of the conclusion, the fact that phraseological units in the Indian language were given with Uzbek variants when subjected to comparative analysis was given as a final.
The main unit of linguoculturology is cultural connotation. Cultural conseption this is a mental unit, an information structure that serves to represent units of mental and psychic resources in the mind, as well as reflecting human experience and knowledge (E.S.Kubryakova), the main unit of culture (V.I.Karasik), the cell of culture in the human mind (yu.S.Stepanov). The linguistic and cultural approach to the concerto dictates the perception of concerto as a base unit of culture and reflects in itself the concepts that are important to a particular culture.
The constituents in the structure of the concept form the square of the concept or the constitutive.
The National Conservatory is the sum of the concretes that are considered characteristic for a concrete nation, the concept presents itself a concretes section, elements. Its elements manifest themselves in concrete communicative processes.
As a result of the analysis of the verification of the cones' Fire ' in phraseological units, it is possible to see that in the phraseological units with the fire component there are mainly figurative and valuable parts of the cones of Fire. Positive aesthetic evaluation is reflected in the following conceptual signs: Fire It 1) positive emotions (love, friendship, caress); 2) aspiration, diligence; 3) motivation Reserve. Negative aesthetic evaluation is reflected in the contextual signs of language combinations that represent the concepts of destruction, fire, War. Fire it is 1) fire, disaster, destruction; 2) War and shooting; 3) negative emotions: anger; 4) difficult test, suffering; 5) shortage of time; 6) reserve of criticism and XK.
In' Water ' component phraseological units, water is interpreted as 1) a kind of texture that expresses different situations in Life; 2) useless and inexpensive compared to other liquids; 3) sacred liquid. At the same time, water and fire are reflected in its semantics of concerted signs, such as devastation, natural disaster.
Thus, in the English linguistics, fire is mainly associated with negative coloring, with such concepts as destruction, suffering, War, Fire. This is due to the fact that the flame is a natural disaster, it can not be stopped when it is drowned, the battle strongholds are mainly associated with grass (arrow, shells, bombs). The fact that the concept of fire is associated with human feelings, is associated with the physiological characteristics of a person (when a person is angry, flushed, fell in love, increased body charisma, etc.)