scientific journal of the modern education
& research institute
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The Kingdom of Belgium
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63
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abstract
This article analyzes the linguistic and pragmatic features of a journalistic text. It is known
that in the mass process of modern communicative society, publicistic communication takes
an increasingly important place. A single center of knowledge and periphery comes to replace
a multifaceted world with diverse knowledge and culture. This center has its own industries,
which it provides with the necessary knowledge. The characterization of the modern com-
munication society by such a clash will radically change our life. These changes will manifest
themselves through the formation of public opinion. Scientific research carried out in the
fields of linguistics and journalism in recent years is devoted to the problems of society, cul-
ture and other issues. It is generally accepted that factors such as economics, politics, cultural
and national customs and traditions have a direct impact on the language. It is impossible
to deny the fact that this list of sociocultural criteria needs to be clarified and supplemented.
Therefore, the consideration of the specific communicative speech activity of journalism in a
pragmatic aspect requires a modern approach.
Keywords:
journalism, journalistic style, mass communication, media, media linguistics,
pragmatics, society, text.
Medialingvistics is a direction that studies modern print, audivizual and Internet language in the me-
dia industry. Medialingvistics involves not only language, but also speech, units of speech in certain areas
of activity, the separation of mediamatns into genres, but also the effective use of resources in the case of
non-speech and media communication in different areas of factors, the study of linguistic sources (lexical,
gramatic) and media Stylistics.
Mediacommunication is the sphere in which human activity carries out its potential in the quality of
language functional integrity to the greatest extent possible. The influence of information on the quality of
goods began to be seen in the independent reflection of the reader. The issues of formation of opinions,
values and ideals of information consumers necessitate the search for ways to regulate the world of infor-
mation in the minds of the reader, the development and formation of a system of new methods and skills
of dealing with information.
V. G. Kostomarov believes that for all mass media texts, the issue of «keeping an audience» is now
very relevant [6, p. 120]. With constant communication with the audience, establishing communicative
cooperation, adding important and interesting information, interacting all the time, not limited to a nar-
row atmosphere of communication, is the simplest way to attract the attention of the audience.
linGuistic and PraGmatic features
journalistic teXt
Dilfuza teshabayeva,
Head of the Department of the Uzbek State University of World Languages,
Doctor of Philology, Professor
Mukaddas israil,
Professor of the Uzbek State University of World Languages, Doctor of Philosophy
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& research institute
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Through communication, the growing frontal surfacetirib, although in part (usually only from the sur-
face), the media has been using methods (the use of label formulas) designed to reduce the degree of mani-
festation through communication.
The method of publicistic refers to the «numbered» address, even from the point of view of profes-
sional orientation (teachers, businessmen, etc.), even from the point of view of the circle of interests that
do not belong to the profession (for motorists, movie enthusiasts, etc.), taking into account the methods
of speech-etiquette, political interest presupposes that the text will be clear enough, even from the point of
view of age, gender. The author of the publicistic text influences the socio-civil, social, emotional spheres of
the reader [2, p.101].
One of the tasks of the author of the publicistic text is to establish a close relationship with the ad-
dressee and interest him. The basis for journalistic texts is inclined to the adress, with which it remains a
function of the road izlash for the future conversation. To find a solution to this task, the journalist will
be asked to look for a way to «work in cooperation» with the organizers of communicative competence, to
have the knowledge of «self-organization» of colloquial speech and colloquial texts.
The informativeness of the text is an indicator of the quality of the text. The expression of information
within the text has a direct connotation of both the «time» associated with the situation of speech and the
time of the information received. This is how the link provides for the expression of the given data within
the framework of time and aspect [10, p. 8].
The demand and condition for information informativeness is in its novelty, relevance, adequacy, the
word, sentence, can be realized in complex syntactic units and within the whole context. Of course, if we
interpret the information given in the text from a linguistic point of view, then the text is an Information
Unit. Therefore, the concept of text is necessary to be accepted in a broad sense. In particular, the concept
of» text « can be used not only in relation to an artistically formed work, but also in relation to its parts [9,
p. 81].
Within the framework of the text, conducted extensive research, the linguist van deck determines the
indicators of the exchange of macros in the text as follows:
1) Change in probability (language indicator-the semantic category of modality);
2) Change in time or period (language indicator-the semantic category of temporality);
3) Spatial indicator i (Language indicator – the semantic category of locativity);
4) Introduction of new participants;
5) Change of point of view or purpose (language indicators-communicative purpose, semantic cat-
egory of person);
6) Composition of predicates of different types. If a sentence does not correspond to this macrocom-
position, a new macrocomposition is created [1, p. 62-67].
Pragmatics is interpreted as a real state of communication, which implies the selective use of linguistic
means for the purpose of solving communicative tasks. Pragmatism keeps in mind all the conditions, cir-
cumstances of the use of linguistic signs by mankind. When it is said the use of circumstances, situations,
the use of linguistic means corresponding to them, adequate means, through which the method and means
of communicative influence on the interlocutor are understood. [3, p. 43].
The scientist L. Vitganshtane, who contributed to the formation of linguistic pragmatics, separately
explained the subjects as one of the important factors in the development. The scientist stressed the need to
take into account not only the internal context of the text in this process, but also the situations outside the
language that arise through the influence of human activity [11, p. 187].
Uzbek linguist scientist M. Khakimov said that the study of the essence of pragmatic phenomena
requires both logical and philosophical deliberations from a linguist. Therefore, linguistic pragmatics stud-
ies not only the linguistic analysis of the phenomenon, but also its logical, philosophical and sociological
properties [4, p. 18].
In the pragmatic linguistic circle, the speaker’s attitude to 1) material existence; 2) the content of the
message; 3) the tone of speech (confidence, perseverance, persistence, fear, distrust, suspicion, hadik,
joy, etc.), the use of lexical units, the application of noverbal means, as long as they express their atti-
tude to the addressee (listener), the speaker and the listener’s participation in the communicative act, is
considered important and the pragmatic function of lan-guage units arises in such a way as to relate to
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the context, the conversational situation, the language skills of the speakers and the general knowledge
of the object of speech. In colloquial communication, factors such as speech, spoken content, situation,
spiritual, mental proximity of the speaker and the listener are also involved in the enlightenment of prag-
matic content [10, p. 8].
The general boundaries of the concept of linguistic pragmatics can be defined as the introduction of
linguistic signs into function in the process of speech, as well as the interpersonal relations of the expressed
thoughts in the process of speech activity, the relationship of the speaker and the listener, the communica-
tive situation in speech acts [7, p.123].
In particular, the essence of the text is understood as the coherence of the completed sentences, the
connection of the language with each other in terms of meaning, with the help of lexical-grammatical
means. It is closer to the fact that the text is a unit of speech than to say a unit of language [10, p. 7].
Speech consists of several types, T. G. Biryukova classifies it as follows:» speech expression»,» descrip-
tion»,» storytelling»,» reasoning « and a small part of the text, that is, it is a micromath. The field of prag-
malinguistics’s theory of speech ICT is directly related to the process of communication, which includes the
use of language tools by communicators, their purposeful, emotional and similar methods of expression.
In pragmatic analysis, the composition of the text is considered to depend on how the data is transmit-
ted by the author, also on the method of the writer. This information is also reflected in the expression of
the situation in the memory of the transmitter and the temporal location of events. The formative appear-
ance of information in the text is reflected in the functional – semantic category [10, p. 15].
Linguistic isolation is the implicit linguistic influence on an address, the purpose of which is to delib-
erately mislead the adresate about the intention or content of speech. There are many linguistics and tools
that serve to carry out linguistic analysis (and described): the introduction of evaluative information into
the faktological data – to the recipient «consciously convey a message whose falsity as a real message was
previously known or not faktological and consisted only of evaluation (that is, neither true nor untrue)» [8,
p. 165-166] (for example, the introduction of the author-specific sub-evaluation into the newsletter, which
researchers previously considered an «unbiased» genre from the beginning) [5, p. 50].
The text is considered from our side as a high-level language unit. Knowledge of the language system
is distinguished from many texts through linguistics. The collection of linguistic criteria will help to deter-
mine the nature of this or that journalistic text and reflect the generalized linguistic model of the journalis-
tic text, which is the set of elements of this system. Natural language combines concretely thought-provok-
ing images into a clear verbal and written harmony, allowing the transmission of pre-textual information
contained in a particular journalistic text.
The textology, which deals with the study of the process of the creation, modeling of structure and
functioning of the text, is interesting to journalists today as a linguistic discipline. This is due to the fact that
Linguistics scientists describe the modern state of the Russian language on the basis of various syllables,
proceeding from a wide spectrum of linguistic and colloquial traditions. The main place in the study is
represented primarily by the description of lexical and semantic changes observed in public speech. This is
due to the fact that the word semantics itself as a unit, language or text has become problematic. If earlier
the main unit of grammatical semantic analysis was the word, then to this day the unit that attracted the
attention of scientists remains the literal meaning of the word, which is clearly in relation to other word
combinations of words or other words. This approach allows you to analyze modern trends in language
development, but does not allow you to see a single whole macro – text.
Proceeding from the foregoing, the task, which is extremely urgent, remains the task of spiritual and
structural modeling, participating in the dressing of text, relying on the pragmatics of the attitude of the
speaker and listener. The last men-tioned aspect remains interesting from the point of view of journalism,
since it has a direct path leading to journalistic practice, the concrete orientation of any information leads
to the improvement of creative activity, the journalistic text is the maximum in this situation. According
to the observations of scientists, the phenomenon of speech communication consists in the interaction of
all participles in the formation of the text. Similar pronouns or «multifaceted entities that have their own
expression in the text» include the features of the object’s activity, the character of thought activity, the sys-
tematic attitude of language units, the conditions and characteristics of the communicative process. In the
process of speech activity, morphology, syntax, word formation, lexical interactions, syntax come from the
linguistic means, the communicative meaning of the text comes from the column. Through this, it distin-
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guishes the sides of linguistic and socio-cultural criteria, which refers to the relationship of the journalistic
text with the concrete socio-cultural model in the field of journalism.
In the journalistic text, it is necessary to collect enough information to achieve the available power of
influence, such characteristics increase the quality and and efficiency of data reception. As a result of this,
the text brings out practical and organizational Mass Effects in the mass audience. It is the motivation of
the audience for persuasive behavior or the adaptation of the audience to a particular environment that
constitutes the value of their opinion, reasoning, feelings and specific journalism. The author, who does not
have a special education, does not know the peculiarity of genres in the journalistic text, for the first time
rocking a pen, is not a professional journalist. They build their works according to the rules of the general-
ized journalistic text. Through his thinking, he sought to collect various information, through which he
attracted public attention. But it is difficult to call it a full-fledged journalistic work.
It is worth noting that journalism does not always become a solution to all issues. It is necessary to rely
on a professional newsletter, if it is necessary to achieve a specific goal. When collecting data, processing
resources, thinking about the essence of the text, as well as weighing it in certain genres and forms, the
journalist is required to be guided by reason of a certain sphere.
Mediatexts is a unique laboratory for the synthesis and distribution of mediamatn values, con-
centrating virtual spiritual being, oriented immanently to axiological reproduction. As a result,
journalism manifests itself as a social and political institution that shapes the consumer’s axiology.
The rapid development of the «fourth power» in this direction has put journalism in line with com-
municative factors such as religion and art.
In the study of the function of the mass as an inheritance of сulture, two de-grees are usually distin-
guished, characteristic of the fulfillment of this task. The first – historical or vertical-implies the transfer of
values from generation to gener-ation. The second – related to the process of circulation of actual or hori-
zontal – cultural information within a specific society. The collective background knowledge that comple-
ment and form the medium is based on mental imagination, the psychological principles of processing
information specific to the local producer and recipient of mass communication begin with the semantics
of folk spirituality.
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