No. 39 (2025) Академические исследования в современной науке

Ushbu maqolada temuriy hukmdorlar Shohrux Mirzo va Mirzo Ulug‘bek hukmronligi davrida tashqi savdo va diplomatik aloqalarning yuksak darajada rivojlaganligi  yoritiladi.

Studying the administration of value-added tax in our country is also related to the improvement of value-added tax. The article analyzes the specific features of calculating the value-added tax base, some complications and problems in its determination, and focuses on issues of improving the formation of the tax base. In addition, based on the results of the changes and additions made in determining and calculating the value-added tax base, appropriate conclusions were formed and recommendations were developed.

В статье анализируются основные направления цифровой экономики в Республике Каракалпакстан. Освещаются процессы формирования цифровой инфраструктуры, внедрение электронных государственных услуг, цифровизация образования, здравоохранения и предпринимательства. Предложены пути решения ключевых проблем, включая нехватку квалифицированных кадров, цифровое неравенство и низкую цифровую грамотность. Работа может быть полезна для специалистов в области цифровой экономики, государственного управления и регионального развития.

Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekistonda shahar va hududlarni kompleks rivojlantirish doirasida bosh reja (masterplan) loyihalarini ishlab chiqish va amalga oshirishda qo‘llanilayotgan yangi amaliy yondashuvlar yoritiladi. Jumladan, raqamli texnologiyalar asosida ma’lumot yig‘ish, GIS va BIM tizimlaridan foydalanish, jamoatchilik ishtirokini ta’minlash hamda ekologik va ijtimoiy barqarorlikka urg‘u berish kabi yondashuvlar tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda Toshkent, Samarqand va boshqa yirik shaharlarning yangi masterplan tajribalari asosida amaliy misollar keltiriladi.

Мамлакатимизнинг халқаро таъминот занжирларида муқим ва мустаҳкам жой олиши ва мослашувчанлигини ошириш учун миллий қонунчиликни халқаро талаблар ва стандартларга мувофиқлаштириш, ташқи бозорларга чиқиш ва экспорт диверсификацияси учун кенг имкониятлар яратиш, халқаро савдо қоидаларини шакллантиришда бошқа давлатлар билан тенг равишда иштирок этиш, барча учун очиқ савдо қоидалари ва низоларни ҳал этиш механизмидан фойдаланиш долзарб аҳамият касб этади. Бу мамлакатимиз иқтисодиёти учун кенг тижорат имкониятларини очади ҳамда иқтисодий тараққиётнинг ҳаракатлантирувчи кучи бўлган экспорт ва импорт салоҳиятининг ошишига олиб келади. Ушбу масалаларнинг мавжудлиги мамлакатимиз экспорт ва импорт салоҳиятини оширишда божхона тўловлари ва имтиёзларидан фойдаланиш механизмини такомиллаштиришга қаратилган тизимли илмий тадқиқотлар олиб борилишини зарурлигини ифодалайди.

This article explores the effectiveness of peer feedback in enhancing writing competence among high school students. Rooted in Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory and Piaget’s constructivist approach, peer feedback encourages learners to engage actively in the writing process through collaborative evaluation. By providing and receiving feedback, students develop critical thinking, metacognitive awareness, and greater ownership of their learning. The article discusses various models of peer feedback, highlights implementation challenges, and presents empirical evidence supporting its positive impact on writing fluency and accuracy. Ultimately, the paper argues that peer feedback, when guided and structured effectively, serves as a powerful pedagogical tool for fostering writing development in secondary education.

Ushbu maqolada advokatlik faoliyatining kafolatlari institutining nazariy-huquqiy asoslari har tomonlama tahlil qilinadi. Advokatlik institutining mustaqilligi, daxlsizligi va kasbiy erkinligini ta’minlovchi huquqiy mexanizmlar, ularning konstitutsiyaviy me’yorlar bilan uyg‘unligi ilmiy asosda o‘rganilgan. Maqolada advokatlik faoliyati mustaqilligini ta’minlashdagi amaliy muammolar – advokatga bosim o‘tkazish holatlari, tergov va sud organlari bilan munosabatlardagi muvozanatsizlik, himoya huquqining buzilishi kabi masalalar ochib berilgan. Ushbu maqola natijalari advokatlik institutining huquqiy maqomini yanada mustahkamlash, uni huquqiy davlat barpo etishdagi roli va ahamiyatini kuchaytirishga xizmat qiladi.

In the modern era, the issue of rational and fair use of natural resources remains one of the most pressing global problems. In developing countries, particularly in the Republic of Uzbekistan, improving the legal mechanisms for the use of natural resources is closely linked to principles of environmental safety, economic stability, and legal order. From this point of view, legal analysis of the system of special use of natural resources based on permits or licenses is of both scientific and practical importance.

В современном литературном процессе возникла тенденция создания художественных текстов с отсылкой на произведения классического наследия. Творчество Ф. М. Достоевского воспринимается современными писателями сквозь призму рецепции. Теорию рецептивной эстетики впервые в литературоведении разработали немецкие ученые Хансом Робертом Яуссом  и Вольфгангом Изером .

The formation and strengthening of a strong army is directly related to the expansion of its economic and social support. In the early years of independence, social protection of military personnel became an urgent issue. This is because during this period there was a task of social protection not only for military personnel, but also for participants in World War II and the Soviet-Afghan War, as well as for citizens who served at nuclear and radiation weapons testing facilities.

This article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of the differentiation method, carried out on the basis of the same tasks. The peculiarities of this method are that all students are offered tasks of the same content, but an individual approach is provided in the process of their completion. Some students have the opportunity to complete the task independently, while others carry out the work under the guidance of the teacher. The advantages of this method include the creation of equal opportunities in education, increasing student activity, overcoming individual difficulties, and effectively organizing the educational process. The article also provides an example of the phased organization of educational activities for the practical application of this method. Analysis shows that differentiation through similar tasks is one of the effective learning strategies, allowing for the consolidation of knowledge and skills, taking into account the individual capabilities of students.

This article presents an analysis of methods for determining the efficiency coefficient of irrigation networks, identifying wasteful consumption of water resources within them, and provides information on technologies for increasing their effectiveness.

Advokatlar inson huquqlarini himoya qilishda yetakchi oʻrinni egallagani bois, Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti va mintaqaviy darajadagi advokatlik faoliyatining mustaqilligi hamda xavfsizligiga oid qonun va meʼyorlarni samarali joriy etish va qoʻllash butun dunyo boʻylab inson huquqlarini ragʻbatlantirish va himoya qilishning asosini tashkil etadi.

Ushbu maqolada sintagmatik munosabat tushunchasi, uning til va nutqdagi ifodalanishi, asosiy turlari va o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Muallif F. de Sossyur va boshqa tilshunoslarning fikrlariga tayanib, sintagma va sintagmatik munosabatlarning shakliy va mazmuniy jihatlarini hamda ularning gap va matn tuzilishidagi ahamiyatini yoritib beradi. Shuningdek, teng va tobe munosabatlar, sintaktik aloqa vositalari va sintagmatik munosabatlarning paradigmatik munosabatlardan farqlari misollar orqali izohlanadi. Maqolada sintagmatika asosida nutq birliklarining tartibli va mantiqiy bog‘lanishi kommunikativ jarayon samaradorligiga qanday ta’sir qilishi ko‘rsatib o‘tiladi.

This article examines the latest methodological innovations and pedagogical shifts in the field of language teaching. It highlights the impact of globalization, digitalization, and intercultural communication on language pedagogy. By comparing traditional approaches with modern techniques such as CLIL, TBLT, and technology-enhanced learning, the paper outlines current trends and effective practices. Special emphasis is placed on contributions by Uzbek scholars to localize global practices for national contexts.

Pit wall stability in open-pit mines is directly affected by natural geological and climatic factors. This study focuses on the Kalmakir open-pit mine, assessing the effects of rainfall, seismicity, groundwater levels, and lithological composition on slope deformation. Using field instrumentation, laboratory testing, and numerical modeling with Slide2, various instability scenarios were simulated. Results revealed that rainfall infiltration and elevated groundwater levels drastically reduce the factor of safety (FoS), particularly in weathered rock zones. Complementary slope monitoring data validated the numerical findings. Recommendations include the implementation of real-time drainage management, targeted reinforcement, and seasonal excavation strategies.

Linguosynergetics is an emerging interdisciplinary field that integrates insights from linguistics, synergetics, cognitive science, and social sciences to study the dynamic nature of language. This field emphasizes how language evolves, adapts, and interacts with various systems, including cognitive, social, and cultural elements. Linguosynergetics examines the self-organizing processes that shape linguistic change, offering a more comprehensive understanding of how language evolves in response to internal and external influences. As language is an ever-evolving system influenced by human cognition and social interaction, this field holds immense potential for explaining the fluidity and complexity of language evolution. This article will examine the scientific foundations of linguosynergetics, its key principles, and its application to languages such as English and Uzbek. We will also include scientific findings to support the conceptual framework of this field.

Mazkur tezisda oliy ta’limda organik kimyo fanini integrativ metod asosida o‘qitishning nazariy va amaliy asoslari tahlil qilinadi. Fanlararo bog‘liqlikni yo‘lga qo‘yish, talabaning mustaqil fikrlash va ilmiy faoliyatga jalb etish imkoniyatlari, shuningdek, texnologik va tabiiy fanlar bilan integratsiyaning afzalliklari ilmiy-nazariy asosda yoritilgan.

This study presents a comparative analysis of economic advertisements in English and Uzbek, focusing on linguistic features, persuasive strategies, and cultural elements. By examining print and digital ads from both language communities, the research identifies similarities and differences in how products and services are promoted. The analysis draws on discourse and pragmatics theories to uncover how language reflects economic values and consumer behavior. Findings show that while English ads prioritize individualism and direct appeal, Uzbek ads often rely on collectivist values and indirect persuasion. These insights have implications for marketing, translation, and intercultural communication in economic contexts. Furthermore, the study highlights the increasing need for cultural competence in advertising practices due to globalization. As societies become more interconnected, understanding the communicative norms of different cultures becomes essential. The results offer valuable perspectives for linguists, translators, marketers, and educators, especially in business communication. The paper also points toward the importance of future research that explores multimodal advertising and how digital transformation affects linguistic choices.

The article is covered with the approximation and uncertainties in estimating the number of world  languages, and its main aim is demonstrating the reasons, such as discoveries, living and dying languages , dialects, and last one, language names.

Mazkur maqolada o‘zbek va turk tillaridagi qarindoshlik terminlarining leksik-semantik va strukturaviy xususiyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Terminlar bir komponentli, ikki komponentli va undan ko‘p komponentli shakllarda tahlil etilib, ularning morfemik va fonetik tuzilmalari, shuningdek, ijtimoiy-madaniy kontekstdagi o‘rni ochib beriladi. Semantik tahlil integral va differensial semalar asosida amalga oshiriladi, strukturaviy yondashuv esa terminlarning shakliy tizimini aniqlashga qaratilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari qarindoshlik terminlarining turkiy tillar leksik fondidagi umumiylik va farqlarga asoslangan murakkab tizim ekanligini ko‘rsatadi.

Bugungi kunda ta’lim jarayonini samarali tashkil etishda interaktiv metodlardan foydalanish muhim ahamiyat kasb etmoqda. Interaktiv metodlar o‘quvchilarning mustaqil fikrlashini, bilimga bo‘lgan qiziqishini oshiradi, ijodkorlik va muloqot ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantiradi. Aqliy faoliyatni faollashtirish, o‘ziga ishonishni rivojlantirish muammosi talabalarning ijodkorligi dolzarb muammolaridan biri bo‘lgan va shunday bo‘lib qolmoqda. Ta‘limning kompetentsiyalarni shakllantirishga zamonaviy yo‘nalishi shaxsning faoliyat va muloqotga tayyorligi va qobiliyati quyidagilarni nazarda tutadi talaba qila oladigan pedagogik va psixologik sharoitlarni yaratish nafaqat intellektual va kognitiv faoliyatni, balki shaxsiy ham namoyon bo‘ladi ijtimoiy mavqe, uning individualligi, uni o‘rganish predmeti sifatida ifoda etishi mumkin.  

This article highlights the forms of the institution of complicity in crime, their specific features, and practical significance. The main attention is paid to the legal analysis of the forms of complicity in a crime and their differences. The theoretical foundations of the effective application of the institution of participation within the framework of existing legislation are also considered.

This article deals with the importance of SCAMPER technology in education and how it can be used more effectively in learning process.

Ushbu maqolada   Xiva xonligi davrida iqtisodiy savdo aloqalari haqida shuningdek savdo-sotiq munosabatlari va  karvon yo’llari haqida batafsil bayon qilingan.