No. 4 (2019) Oriental studies

Recent translation studies include the reader, the system, the situation, the viewpoint of the target text and place them in the field of view. Nowadays not only a one-way translation tendency is used but in order to pay attention to the target text the direct translation research offers a new tendency of reexamination of the translation concept by the diversification. Sometimes when reading the target text one can feel insufficient like if something is missing there. For instance, a reader can notice that the target text does not include some important parts or the feelings  while reading the original and the target text are different.  The  difference  between  the  source  text  and  the  target  text  depends  on  the  difference  between cultures (countries, languages). Deviation of the translation is to be seen in both directions. The  famous  translator  Anthony  Pym  (2010)  says  that  the  main  purpose  of  any  translation  is communication. A good translator should not merely follow the source text  since  it is important for the reader to understand both texts. In other words, Pym shows a new direction to the translator. Intercultural difference can be a good starting point for a new text, a new language conception, new life. Translation must  not  be  just  equivalent  to  the  source  text.  It  also  cannot  ignore  the  difference  between  languages. Translation should give the knowledge of mistakes and help to avoid them. Language act during the translation is born through the translator’s prism and includes his knowledge for interpreting. That helps the translator to create a new text. This work devoted to the role of the author and the translator in the creation of a new text through interpretation. The author of this work stresses the translation of the memorial plate of the Navoi Theater into three languages: Uzbek, English, Japanese.

The  article  is  devoted  to  the  study  of  the  formation  of  scientific,  technical  and  innovation policy  in  Japan.  In  addition,  an  analysis  of  the  influence  of  a  number  of  factors  on  the  growth  of  the economy,  among  which  are  innovation-oriented  human  capital,  is  made  on  the  basis  of  econometric modeling in the work. The purpose of research is to analyze the formation of the scientific, technical and innovation policy of Japan, to identify through the correlation and regression model the influence of innovative factors on the development of the country's economy. Scientific novelty:

- The article formulates a retrospective of the scientific, technical and innovation policy of Japan;

-  A  model  of  the  influence  of  a  number  of  factors  on  the  economic  development  of  Japan has  been created, including domestic expenditures on R&D, income from the export of technological products, and the number of people employed in R&D in Japan

The article provides an analysis of the concept of a national innovation system (NIS), scientific and theoretical views and approaches to it. In addition, by using the DEA model, the efficiency of the Japanese NIS was evaluated, as well as a comparative analysis was conducted with several developed countries, on the basis of which proposals for innovative development of the economy of Uzbekistan were developed. There are several software types of our selected model (DEA-Solver-Pro, Frontier Analyst, OnFront, Warwick DEA, EffiVision, KonSi DEA Analysis, etc.), and our analysis is presented in Excel program. For analysis, we used materials from international organizations such as the  World Bank, OECD, the World Intellectual Property Organization, all research, and others.

Present scientific article analyses features, consequences and contemporary trends of the government regulation of labour imports in Japan as a recipient country in international labour market. The purpose of the research paper is to analyse the formation and development of immigration processes in Japan, the effects of government-led policies on preventing the dependency on foreign labour, and restricting the flow of low-skilled workers into the country. The main results of the research paper are as follows: Explained the need for the development of labour migration processes in Japan; The role of the country's "one-time hiring system" in regulating imports of foreign labour. The peculiarities of the Japanese government's high-skilled personnel recruitment policy were studied; Analysis of the main trends and implications of the new migration policy adopted in the country in 2018. Based on the data obtained from the analysis, conclusion are drawn on measures for recipient countries to reduce the dependency on imports of foreign and especially low-skilled labour, and increase the efficiency of the national labour market.

This article analyzes the strategy of Japan to develop an innovative economy in the country by creating technopolises. Object of the article - Japanese technopolises The  subject  of  the  article  is  the  experience  of  Japan  in  the  development  and  organization  of  a technopolis in the development of an innovative economy. The aim of the article is to study the system of organization of Japan’s technopolis, create conditions for scientific research and industrial application of the results of scientific research by technopolis clusters.

Scientific results of the article:

- The role of Japan in global innovation indicators and the nature of innovation policy are shown;

- substantiates the essence of the Japanese strategic program "Technopolis-90";

- The activity of Japanese technopolises is explained on the example of the technopolis Tsukuba.

In the modern world, various states pay special attention to their cultural diplomacy and the formation of their image. The purpose of cultural diplomacy is to strengthen international relations with foreign countries and influence on the system of international relations. It also plays an important role in shaping the image and improving status in the world community. The  cultural  factor,  as a “soft  power”  in  international politics,  seriously  affects  the  socio-economic processes  in  the  world  and  international  relations.  The  term  "soft  power"  refers  to  cultural  diplomacy conducted by a particular state. Japan, which is one of the developed countries of the world, pays special attention to the soft power factor  in  foreign  policy.  It  is  known  that  Japan managed  to  preserve  the  values  of  its  national  culture, despite the fact that it used the achievements of Western civilization for many decades. And therefore, modern Japanese culture is characterized by the fact that it harmoniously combines tradition and  modernity.  Thanks  to  the  successful  combination  of  national  characteristics  and  the  achievements  of computer  digital  technologies,  Japan  has  become  a  world  leader  among  information  societies.  Cultural diplomacy not only serves Japan to resolve many issues of a political and economic nature, but also integrates it deeper into the international community and enhances its image in the international arena. Thus,  Japan,  effectively  using  the  processes  of  globalization,  has  achieved  world  recognition  of  its culture through the development of cultural diplomacy. In this regard, it is of interest to us to study the best practices of Japan in this area.

The modern energy system is largely based on the use of fossil fuels, which makes up almost 90% of the global energy consumption structure. Intensive production of raw materials has a negative impact on the environment.  This  in  turn  creates  environmental  problems.  The  depletion  of  available  reserves  of  the  main energy resources of oil, gas, coal, ore and other minerals will worsen the energy situation in the world. Today, renewable energy interest to many countries due to increased dependence on imported energy, climate change and environmental protection, high rates of economic development and population growth. The  widespread use  of  renewable  energy  sources  will  create  socially  and  environmentally  clean  energy structures.  That  is  why  alternative  energy  technologies  -  hybrid  cars  and  electric  cars,  solar,  wind, geothermal energy, bioenergy are developing at a high level. This article discusses current trends in renewable energy, alternative energy sectors in Japan and the stages of development of solar energy, features of solar energy, advances in modern technologies for the use of renewable energy sources and the challenges facing renewable energy sources. Also  highlights  Japan’s  new  energy  policy  and  strategy,  legislation  on  energy  efficiency,  programs  and strategic plans, changes in the country's energy policy, diversification of energy resources and current problems of energy security. It also analyzes the prospects for the development of renewable energy sources in Japan, new projects in the field of solar energy and mechanisms for their implementation. And also, scientific conclusions were drawn on the analysis of current trends in the development of renewable energy in Japan.

This article  deals  with  the  analyse  role  of  Japan  in  modern  international  relations.  In  the conditions of globalization each state within its interests relies on having resources and in accordance with it in the frame of the article is focused on the peculiarities of foreign policy of Japan where appears unique civilizational  ,  cultural,  technological,  basis  of  modern  Japanese  society.  The  special  attention  pays  on specific forming of “smart powers” equally with “hard power”. “Joseph Nye means“ hard power ”means aggregate political, economic and military power, “soft power” is mainly characterized by culture, values and political ideology, and “smart power” is an effective combination of “hard power” and “soft power” as the most applicable and adequate, from the point of view of modern conditions, mechanism for ensuring national security and the implementation of foreign policy tasks”. According  to  J.  Nye,  there  are  “three  possible  ways  of  influencing  other  actors:  1)  coercion  and  bribery, constituting “hard power”, and 2) using your attractiveness, that is,“soft power”. The development of these concepts has become the so-called 3) “smart power” - an approach that uses a combination of “hard” and “soft” power”. The  famous  Japanese  scientist  D.T.  Suzuki  points  out  that  Zen  teaching  is  one  of  the  components  of  the phenomena of Japanese culture. He notes that “Zen not only directly affected the religious life of the Japanese, but also influenced their culture as a whole”. This can be seen by observing the development of Japanese culture. Exploring the meanings of “soft power” in the policy of the government of Japan, it should be noted that, unlike other states, it primarily relies on the unique characteristics of Japanese culture and values. To develop its conceptual framework in 2004, an Advisory Council for the Promotion of Cultural Diplomacy was created, led by professor at Hosei University Tamotsu Aoki, one of the tasks of which was to improve the image of Japan in the world . Given the current features of global development, the created Advisory Council turned its attention "to the promotion of popular culture as a starting point for understanding Japan." Cultural products such as manga (comics) and anime (animated films) carry aesthetic feelings and traditional artistry.

The socio-political activity of youth is an indicator of the processes taking place in modern society.  Since  the  young  generation  is  the  main  mobilization  resource  of  society,  which  determines  the future of the state. This article is devoted to youth policy, international legal documents developed by the UN, the growing relevance of this issue in connection with the deepening of globalization processes and the ensuing dangers and challenges covering all countries, the solutions of which are impossible without the active participation of young people, a question that is always one of the priority tasks of the international community and in particular the UN. The international legal documents regulating the youth sphere are considered, since this issue has been an object of state policy in more than 130 countries of the world since the middle of the 20th century. In the way in which the state organizes its youth policy, two models stand out - European and Anglo-Saxon. The European model is based on the leading role of the state in the field of youth policy. This model also  clearly  defines  priorities,  goals,  objectives  and  expected  results.  The  Anglo-Saxon  model  is characterized by an approach to support exclusively voluntary activity and youth organizations without the systematic participation of government bodies in the implementation of youth policy. The article analyzes the experience of youth policy in Japan and Uzbekistan, notes the similarities and features of approaches to solving problems and problems of this topic. It is noted that the socio-political system of Japan, unlike most developed countries of the world, for decades  allows  the  government  of  this  country  to  avoid  major  social  upheavals  and  crises  of  social institutions. This, in turn, proves the effectiveness of government measures aimed at solving youth problems in Japanese society. Japan’s policy in this area has its own specifics, based on a combination of traditional preventive measures with innovative ones, which allows us to consider about its universality. The article comprehensively surveys the new course taken by Uzbekistan to increase the role of youth in the socio-political life of society. In this regard, emphasis is placed on the comprehensive support of youth initiatives, both from the state and from youth organizations. Based on this, it can be argued that an open dialogue with youth has become a strategic direction at a new stage in the development of Uzbekistan. In this  strategy,  a  key  place  is  given  to  increasing  the  social  activity  of  youth,  their  involvement  in  the processes of formation of a modern, democratic state.

The  analytical  article  determines  the  formation  of  trends,  the  main  directions,  prerequisites and factors that influence on the Uzbek-Japanese cooperation. The condition and prospects of its development  are  also  revealed.  An  analytical  study  based  on  a  systematic  approach,  where  Uzbek-Japanese  cooperation  is  considered  as  interconnected  elements  of  modern  international  relations.  This approach allowed to perceive the internal laws of the development of international relations of the Asian continent in which Uzbekistan is the leading element in Central Asia and Japan in the East. The application of the logical-historical approach gave a chance to disclose the content, nature and of dynamics  of  development  of  bilateral  relations.  Depicted  the  condition  and  practical  action,  Japan's interests in expanding cooperation. Relations in the spheres of trade, economy, the cultural and humanitarian contribute to the transformation of Central Asia into a stable developed economic space. In order to achieve the goals and objectives, the author thoroughly analytically processed the facts, events,  processes,  as  well  as  the  speeches  of  leaders,  politicians  who  have  effect  on  bilateral  relations between Uzbekistan and Japan. The content of agreements, treaties, memorandums signed between the two countries is analyzed. The results of an analytical study show that, firstly, Japan is a strategic partner of Uzbekistan. This determines  the  priority  and  role  in  the  relationships.  There  exist  historical  bilateral  ties  which  have geopolitical  and  geostrategic  meanings  in  international  relationships  in  the  Asian  region.  Secondly, bilateral cooperation is developing gradually and growing into a new stable stage which contributing to the emergence of a new level of relationships. The  effective  use  of    untouched  potential  of  Japan,  which  contribute  to  the  social  and  economic development of Central Asian states, will further contribute to the integration of the region into the system of trade, economic and transport  of the world. In addition, these processes require systematic and strategic researches  that  identify  and  determine  the  prospects  for  the  development  of  bilateral  and  multilateral relationships between Uzbekistan and Japan.

The following issues are analyzed in this scientific article: the significance and historical role of  establishing  diplomatic  relations  between  the  Republic  of  Uzbekistan  and  Japan.  The  huge  role  of ratification of the strategic partnership agreement between two countries is also shown. The  peculiar  specifics  of  the  political  system  of  Japan,  including  the  nature,  structure  and  basic functions of the parliament and the procedure for holding parliamentary elections, the place and role of the emperor’s institution in the political system, as well as the cabinet of ministers, are examined. The article considers the basis of the principle of forming the Cabinet of ministers, its role in the process of reforming the political system of society, the features of the political system, in particular the formation of a multi-party system, the reasons for success as a dominant party - the Liberal Democratic Party of the country, the role of the LDP in the process of modernization of the Japanese political system, the role of the Cabinet of ministersin the political system of society, the activities of the Japanese government led by Sh.Abe in the process of updating political system, the government’s program for the development of the country's economy, as well as the specifics of the practical implementation of this program, the activities of the parliament and the cabinet to amend the Constitution of the country, in particular, on articles 1, 4, 7, 9, 41 of the Constitution. Particular attention is paid to the processes of amending Article 9 of the Constitution, which deals with the issue of legal updating of the status of the Japanese armed forces, and on the basis of these changes will complete the "idea of creating" a normal Japanese army. The cabinet’s aspirations to expand the powers of the government by improving the legal norms of the Constitution, in particular by adding a special chapter 9 to the main law, are also considered. The  article  also  shows  the  prospects  for  the  development  of  the political  system  of  Japan,  where  in particular the main attention is paid to the role and importance of accelerated economic development in the process of improving the political system. In addition, the influence of national values and traditions of Japanese society on the positive development of the political system is examined. At the end of the scientific article, conclusions are drawn about the political and legal conditions that are created by the desire of the Japanese government for the development of the political system.

This article is devoted to using phraseologism in translating Japanese fiction book into uzbek language.  This  article  analyses  Japanese  phrases  and  discusses  methods  of  translating  them.  As  a comparison  Russian  and  Turkish  alternatives  of  some  phrases  might  be  given  as  well.  This  article  also emphasizes how idiomatic expression can illustrate delicate meaning cultural heritage and uniqueness of nation. Some proposals which have been put forth by the article and scientific deductions might be helpful to effectively translate text in the future. Obviously, there are many elements of cultural uniqueness in all fiction book and this has always caused problems to translator. Solving this problems requires great deal of talent which is not easy to gain. It can be easily seen in phraseological units which represent traditions, social  life  and  customs  of  one  particular  nation.  Because  rebuilding  phrases  requires  not  only  special approach but also it is not easy to distinguish those phrases from one thousand of other words and trans-lating  them  into  another  language  comprehensively  is  very  complex  process.  Since  uzbek  and  Japanese languages  have different  origins  constructions  of many  phrases  have  completely  different  roots and  this prioritizes carefulness ethimology of phraseological units and learning source thoroughly. In the following article authors focused to problems of  translating aspects of phraseology.

Like a river that was born from springs, carrying its stormy waters to the sea and ultimately giving  them  to  the  vast  ocean,  true  writers  and  poets  cannot  create  without  sources  of  inspiration. Obviously, sources of inspiration can be not only the experience about nation or localty’s distinctive past which  writer  has  learnt  and  organically  connected  with,  but  also  the  urgent  need  of  the  present environment, an author’s desire to express his thoughts and ideas directed to the future. Literature, as any type of panhuman activity, has its own canons and patterns that have been mastered and expanded by the classic writers of all nations of the worldover  the centuries.In particular, Japanese literature  is  characterized  by  reliance  on  traditions,  the  active  use  of  historical  experience  of  previous periods literature and redefinition of the past, as well as an original and innovative point of view on reality. The article covers the role of literature traditions, the principles of the transformation of old stories’ forms and contents and their new interpretations in the works of a talented representative of Japanese literature of the 17th  century  Ihara  Saikaku.  For  this  purpose,  a  selection  of  the  interpreted  works  of  the  author  and  their comparative analysis with a number of classical primary sources of Japanese and Chinese literature has been made. Through the analysis, the principles of redefinition, an innovative interpretation of traditional genres and plots, as well as shifts in the system of artistic representations of that time have been revealed.

The article is devoted to the demographic problems of Japan. According to estimates of the future population by the National Institute for Demography and Social Security every five years, based on the results of the census, the total population of Japan, reaching a peak of 128 million in 2010, began to decline,  and  it  is  estimated  that  in  2040  it  will  amount  to  107  million  280  thousand  people  a  year. According to the calculations of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, in 2050 the population will decrease to 97 million people, falling below the level of one hundred million. The decline in population poses a threat to the development of society from various points of view, even if you do not run so far ahead. Due to the decrease in the working-age population (from 15 to 64 years), hidden  growth  opportunities  disappear,  and  GDP  decreases.  It  becomes  difficult  to  maintain  a  social security system, and in particular a pension system. There are fears of declining living standards. The author considers such specific trends in the demographic development of Japan as the rapid aging of the population, the drop in the birth rate, as well as the impact of these processes on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the workforce and possible ways to replenish it. In the analysis of the problems considered in the article, it is concluded that the demographic crisis faced by Japan  will  certainly  have  a  noticeable  negative  impact  on  economic  development,  but  it  is  likely  that  the country's ruling circles will be able to mobilize the nation and mitigate the effects of demographic shifts.

This article is devoted to the rich history of relations between Uzbekistan and Japan, as well as the development of these relations at the present stage. As you know, the versatile relationship between Uzbekistan and Japan has been well developed since ancient times. These fruitful relations, preserved and developing to this day, have contributed to mutual cultural exchange and mutual enrichment of cultural, social and economic relations.

In  this  article  given  uzbek-japanese  cultural  and  social-economical  relations  ancient  and middle ages. It also analyzes data from articles of Japanese scholars –Sh.Kuwayama and M. Inabaabout ethnical history of Tokharistan and adjacent areas in early middle ages.

This  article  is  devoted  to  the  question  of  the  formation  and  transmission  of  ethnocultural meanings in an artistic text. The object of the article is culturally significant dominant senses, revealed on the  basis  of  the  analysis  of  a  literary  text.  The  subject  of  the  article  are  ethnocultural  meanings.  And although the word in its totality conveys only a part of the concept or ethnocultural sense, it helps to restore or reconstruct the latter. The material  for the article was the  concepts in the novel Kawabata Yasunari “Thousand-winged  Crane”.  The  purpose  of  the  article  is  to  present  the  identification  of  ethnocultural meanings based on the analysis of Kawabata Yasunari’s novel “The thousand-winged crane”. The main method  of  analysis  of  the  material  is  an  integrative  method  of  analysis,  as  well  as  the  methodology  of conceptual analysis. This article discusses the traditions and innovations of the cultural life of the Japanese people on the material of the thousand-winged crane Kawabata Yasunari's novel. The problems associated with  the  tea  ceremony  in  the  system  of  Japanese  national  culture are  investigated.  Traces  the  values  of Japanese society, its linguocultural conceptual sphere. The most striking in this case is the linguocultural concept  “tea  ceremony”,  which  implies  the  life  ideals  of  the  bearers  of  Japanese  culture,  both  in  the material and in the spiritual sense. It should be emphasized that every Japanese puts his meaning in this concept. “Ethnoconcept” - tea ceremony, kimono, symbolic rituals for Japanese culture are implemented in the  Qawabata  Yasunari  novel  “Thousand-winged  Crane”  as  a  composite  basis,  landscape  background, national aesthetics in the novel. It is observed as a concept of "kimono" is a segment of the interpretational field of the concept of "tea ceremony" and incorporates the signs of the national seasonal culture. Kawabata Yasunari uses the tea ceremony  not  only  to  create  national  space  and  ritual,  but  as  an  opportunity  to  reveal  the  national character. Psychological, aesthetic and cultural traditions are analyzed, the basic principles of “tjado” are harmony,  reverence,  purity  and  tranquility,  especially  the  organization of  artistic  time  and  space  in  the novel. On the background of the tea ceremony, images of Kikuzhi and Yukiko are revealed. Traced the art of detail in the novel. The thing, the interior is their independent compositional and semantic meaning.

This article is about Japanese culture and Japanese. Today, modern linguistics focuses on studies  of  the  worldview  of  people  and  the  linguistic  picture.  Numerous  factual  materials  have  been collected  to  study  these  issues  in  various  languages  and  cultures,  including  the  Japanese  language  and culture.  At  the  same  time,  there  is  no  clear  idea  of  what  factors  lead  to  each  individual  language  and culture, when the language affects the moral of people or vice versa. The first steps are being taken to study the Japanese landscape of the world, but it has also been described in detail in various approaches.

The  given  article  is  dedicated  to  homonyms  in  Chinese  language  and  in  dictionary  of Kuraishi, which was created by Japanese professor T. Kuraishi. In general linguistics, method of the study of homonyms with dictionaries is widely used. The study material of quantitative composition and character of homonyms was dictionary “Ivanami Tu: gokuo ziten” – phonetic Chinese-Japanese dictionary, released by publishing office “Ivanami” in Tokio in 1972, with overall quantity of 37 thousand words. In the article, characteristics of the dictionary is given in details and the fact that it can be used as a study material in researches about Chinese linguistics is taken into account.

This article reveals the general grammatical properties of reduplication on example of nouns in Japanese. The concept of "reduplication" (from lat. "Reduplikatio  - "doubling") today does not have a clear and general definition for all researchers. In different interpretations under this concept the unequal circle of the phenomena-from a set of intraverbal to a set of interverbal doublings is brought. The most common structural types of reduplication are represented in different languages in one form or another. In all languages (or in most languages), reduplication can be complete (complete doubling of the reduplicant in the reduplicator) and divergent (with a change in the sound composition of the reduplicant). Along with the universal structural-semantic manifestations of reduplication, different languages are characterized by a peculiar interpretation of general, invariant structural types of intraword doubling and general, invariant semantics. As our observations show, being few in each particular language, the most productive models of reduplication generally coincide in languages with the same morphological structure. At the same time, differently  structured  languages  show  clear  differences  in  this  respect.  In  isolating  and  agglutinative languages that use the agglutinative technique in word construction, reduplication occurs within the root morpheme.  In  Slavic  languages  with  synthetic  inflectional  order,  synonymous  suffixes  and  prefix  morphemes are predominantly duplicated. With significant similarities in structural models of reduplication, languages of the same morphological type  also  have  differences  in  this  respect,  although  very  slight.  Such  discrepancies  mainly  concern  the productivity, unproductiveness of some structural models within the same onomasiological classes.

The  article  describes  the  commonality  of  Japanese  and  Chinese  literary  relations.  It  is analyzed that Chinese literature has had a great influence on Japanese literature through genres, literary types, composition, plot and motivations of literary works. The love, beauty and elegance of nature in the works of the famous Chinese poets: Lee Bay, Du Fu, Van Wei, is also reflected in the poems of Japanese poets,  the  Wakimi  Nazi  genre  in  Japanese  literature  and  the  emergence  of  the  first  country  poetry  in Japanese  literature.  It  also  speaks  about  the  contribution  of  some  Japanese  literary  artists,  including Yasunari  Kawabata,  SaneasuMusyanokodzi  to  the  development  of  Japanese  literature,  the  Heian  era  in Japan  and  the  creators  of  that  era.  Although  Chinese  literature  originated  much  earlier  than  Japanese literature, it was studied comparisons of Japanese literature by Japanese and Chinese scholars, such as "Kodiiki", which made world classical Japanese literature popular, and "Maniyosu", a popular example of authorship and  folk  poetry.  Japan  and  China have a  special place  and  role  in  the  Oriental  civilization, because  of  the  great  and  ancient  history  of  these  two  countries,  as  well  as  the  great  contribution  and popularity of the countries' literature to the Oriental literature. Russian academic I. Konrad is recognized as a renowned scholar who studied Japanese and Chinese literature, and has a special place in the study of Japanese and Chinese literature. These two nations have similarities in their customs, traditions, culture, history, language, literature and many other areas. At the end of the article, we will see in the proverbs of both peoples that diligence is another characteristic of Japanese  and  Chinese  people.  This  article  is  important  in  teaching  young people  to  work. The conclusions highlight the commonality of Japanese and Chinese peoples in the field of literature, culture.

The article considers the need to understand the significance of the communicative behavior of the Japanese, the dominant features of communication and the characteristics of the Japanese business discourse to achieve successful communication with the Japanese. The characteristic specific phenomena of Japanese internal corporate communications are defined in the  context  of  national  culture  in  the  field  of  Japanese  business,  namely,  the  Japanese  communicative behavior is analyzed, which is regulated by various norms, the ritual nature of business communication through the dichotomies “uchi-soto” (own group or alien group ) and “amae” and “ nemawashi. " Based  on  the  conversation  analysis  grammatical  aspects  are  revealed  that  are  interconnected  with extra-linguistic factors, such as social (status) and situational factors that influence the choice of language means, speech organization and communication approach in Japanese business discourse. It is concluded that in the Japanese business discourse an important place is occupied by a multifaceted space  taking  into  account:  norms  and  rules  of  communication,  social  status,  age,  belonging  to  one's  or another group (uti-soto dichotomy), sustainable constructions and forms of courtesy-taigu hyogen. In which the communicant completely changes its style of discourse, grammatical structure and forms of courtesy, taigu hyogen in business discourse. In  addition,  the  specificity  of  courtesy-taigu  is  defined  as  a  means  of  communication and a  form of reflection of respect, which include emphasizing the officiality and formality of business relationships and communication situations.

The  paper  analyzes  some  aspects  of  using  social-politic  terms  in  Japanese,  ways  of  inter-preting through analyzing some semantic specialties of terms. Recently, in the textual materials of the Japanese mass media, words written by the Japanese phonetic alphabet katakana, used for the written fixation of vocabulary of foreign origin, began to appear more and more. In itself, this phenomenon is not new - similar vocabulary in Japanese and has its own historical roots and specific use. Translation of the borrowed vocabulary involves the use of several methods, three of which we will consider in more detail in the framework of this article. The first way of transfer: borrowing. The simplest method of transfer is borrowing, which allows filling a gap, usually of a metalinguistic nature (new technique, unknown concepts). Borrowing would not even be such a way of translation, which we might be interested if the translator did not need it at times to create a stylistic effect. The second way of translation: calculating. Calculation is borrowing a special kind: we borrow from a foreign language one or another of the syntagmas and literally translate the elements that make up it. We thus obtain either the expression of the expression, and we use the syntactic structures of the translation language, introducing new expressive elements into it. The third way of translation: literal translation. A literal translation, or translation "word for word", means a transition from the source language to the translation language, which leads to the creation of a correct and idiomatic text, while the translator observes only the observance of the compulsory norms of the language. Since  the  process  of  assimilation  of  foreign-language  elements  begins  from  the  moment  they  are introduced into the language by translators, it is appropriate to say a few words about the technology of translating specifically foreign names. When translating words and expressions with an incomprehensible associative meaning, as well as translating the names of realities, transcription, less often transliteration, calculating and explanatory translation (the transfer of the meaning of a foreign word or word combination with the means of the native language without preserving the motivation and form) can be applied. When  calculating,  transcribing  and  transliteration,  sometimes  you  need  to  resort  to  comments.  Can also  be  applied  reception,  which  is  a  kind  of  explanatory  translation  and  calculating-replacement  of associative meaning.