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THE VERBAL ANDSUBSTANTIAL PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS
WITH PROPER NAMES
Abdullaeva Sanobar,
Master Student of SamSIFL
Key words:
proper name, phraseological unit, possessive pronoun, preposition, verbal,
substantial.
Phraseological units with proper names
(further PUPrN) create aspecial group among
phraseologisms.
They
have
certain
grammatical
structural
patterns.
To
investigate structure of PUPrN it is required
to
observe
structural
patterns
of
phraseological units themselves.
The verbal phraseological unit belongs
to
phraseology
which
is
functionally
correlated with the verb, in other words, the
nuclear constituent of phraseology is mostly a
verb. There is objective relation between
nuclear element and dependent subordinated
phraseological units. The following main
subclasses are distinguished:
1.
The subclass
verb +noun,
for
example,
raise Cain, shoot Niagara, to cross
the Rubicon, to astonish the Browns, to sham
Abraham, take the Mickey, be a Gypsy,
discover America, to speak BBC, go Dutch.
[4,154]
To this same subclass of phraseological
unit we include a subspecies of phraseologal
units with a prepositive extension of a noun
with possessive pronouns.
a)
The subclass
verb+pronoun+noun,
for example,
meet one's Waterloo.
2.
Phraseological
structure
verb
+adjective +noun.
A typical feature of
phraseologies with this structure is that they
contain adjective. For example,
cut the
Gordian knot,
here the word ―Gordian‖ fulfills
the role of adjective,
be a Spanish village- be
totally unknown to somediv, be a real/true
Gypsy, have green fingers, take French leave,
have kissed the Blarney Stone.
3.
The subclass with the most numerous
phraseologies
has
the
structure
verb
+preposition +noun,
for instance,
go over to
Rome, go for a Burton,be off to Bedfordshire,
go to Canossa, keep up with the Joneses, be
from Missouri.
[3,95]This is postpositive
extension.
4.
Phraseologies with the structure
verb +preposition +pronoun +noun.
This
model considers extension of noun with help
of possessive pronouns.
5.
Phraseologies with the structure
verb +preposition +adjective +noun.
This
structure suggests extension of noun due to
the adjective,
6.
The
class
verb
+noun
+preposition +noun,
for instance,
bend the
bow of Ulysses, carry coals to Newcastle, live
the life of Riley, built castles in Spain,
pile/heap Pelion on Ossa, throw a sop to
Cerberus.
In this class,the first dependent
component is a direct object,the second is an
indirect object. Expansion of both dependent
components can be observed with the help of
adjectives
and
possessive
pronouns,
subclasses
verb +pronoun + preposition +noun,
for example,
row somediv up Salt River, tell
it not in Gath,not know someone from Adam,
see somediv at Jericho first;
verb +noun +preposition +pronoun,
e.g.
come Yorkshire over somediv, be Greek
to somediv;
7.
Subclass
verb +adjective.
There is
no PNPrN in this class, because proper
names
play
the
role
of
noun
in
phraseologisms.
8.
Subclass
verb +noun +adjective.
This subclass is characterized by complex
objective postpositive type.
9. Subclass
verb +comparative +noun
issmall.Role of comparative component
performs words ―like‖ or ―as‖. To exemplify,
drive like Jehu;
a)
verb +comparative +adjective +noun,
e.g
., laugh like little Audrey,grin like a
Cheshire cat; fight like Kilkenny cats;
Хорижий филология.
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b)
verb +comparative +noun +
preposition +noun,
e.g.,
be like Hamlet
without the prince, be like the Black Hole of
Calcutta, feel like Daniel in the lion's den;
10. Subclass of verbal phraseological
units with subordinating sentences, e.g.,
fiddle
while Rome is burning, Is rotten in the state of
Denmark.
Substantial
phraseological
units.
Substantial phraseological unitsarephrases
functionally correlated with the noun, i.e., the
core component of phraseologism is a noun.
There are following subclasses of
substantial PUs:
1. Subclass with structure
adjective
+noun
is
characterized
by
attributive
connection between components. Distinctive
feature of it is an interchangeability of
components, e.g.
a Roman holiday, old
Hickory, a Dear John, a Trojan horse, the
real McCoy, Black Maria.
This subclass has
two forms:
a)Adjectival-nominal group, e.g.
long
Tom, clever Dick, great Caesar!;
b) Substantial- nominal group, e.g.
Hermes fire, an April fool, Cordelia‟s gift, a
Barmecide feast;
2.Subclass with the structure
noun
+noun
,
it
is
noted
thatin
English
phraseological unitsthe use of proper names
are both core and dependent components
:
a
Mark Tapley, King Log, Iack Horner, a Miss
Nancy, Colonel Chinstrap, Colonel Blimp,
Mother Bunch.
[3,458]
These PUs are characterized by an
attributive-prepositive type with an adjunction
to the substantive-nominal group, in which
the dependent component is expressed by a
noun without any morphological design:
a
Cadmean victory.
3. Subclass with structure
noun
+preposition
+noun.
In
this
case,
combination of noun with noun is carried out
through
prepositional
subordinating
connection, e.g.
the tower of Babel, the vicar
of Bray, the sword of Damocles.
The second
member of such phraseologism can be
extended due to usage of adjectives
noun
+preposition + adjective +noun
, e.g
., Father
of English poetry
or
noun +preposition +
noun +noun,
e.g.,
the Duke of Exeter‟s
daughter.
The
structure
noun
+preposition
+noun
is possible for both singular and
pluralforms, for example
, Jack of all trades.
Following prepositions are used for
forming phraseologies of that type:
of
, e.g.
the labours of Hercules
[3,254]
on
, e.g.
the man on the Clapham
omnibus
for
, e.g.
a Roland for an Oliver
in
, e.g.
Alice in Wonderland
Other prepositions are used very rare.
4. Subclass with the structure
Participle I or II +noun,
for example,
a
doubting Thomas, waiting Matilda.
Phraseologisms of this type in the
English
language
correspond
to
the
phraseological units of the participial-nominal
group of the attributive-prepositive type with
an adjunction in which the dependent
component is expressed by participle.
5. Subclass with the structure
noun
+and +noun,
which is characterized by
coherent relation between components, e.g.
Lares and Penates, Castor and Pollux, Gog
and Magog, Darby and Joan, Tom and
Jerry.
[5,89]
In English, there are phraseologies with
the structure
preposition +noun
with a
prepositional extension of the noun with an
adjective or a numeral.The core component of
such phraseological units is noun, but they
can serve as an adjective and adverbin the
sentence. For instance
, by Jove! , by Jupiter! ,
according to Cocker, by the Lord Harry!
[4,
12]
Thus, PUPrN have a certain structural
and grammatical form constructed according
to models of free slangs or sentences existing
in one or another language.
List of used literature
1.
Арсентьева Е.Ф. Фразеология и фразеография в сопоставительном аспекте (на
материале английского и русского языков). – Казань: ЛГУ, 2006. – 126 с.
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2.
Кунин А.В. Курс фразеологии современного английского языка. – 2-е изд. перераб. –
Москва: Высшая школа, 1996. – 156 с.
3.
Кунин А.В. Англо-русский фразеологический словарь. – Изд. 4-е, переработанное и
дополненное. - М.: Русский язык, 1984. – 942 с. (АРФС)
4.
Collins V.H. A Book of English Idioms. With Explanations. – London: Longman, 1998. –
XI.- 258 p.
5.
Longman Dictionary of English Idioms. – London: Longman, 1989. –387 p. (LDEI)
Абдуллаева С. Атоқли номлар таркибидаги феълли ва отли фразеологик
бирикмалар.
Бу мақола феълли ва отли фразеологик бирикмаларни атоқли номлар билан
боғлаб, грамматик структураcини тасвирлаган.
Abdullaeva S. The verbal and substantial phraseological units with proper names.
This
article is devoted the grammatical structure of phraseologies with proper names which contain
verbs or nouns.
