Оценить состояние гуморального и местного иммунитета полости рта при сахарном диабете 1типа у детей.
Полость рта представляет собой открытую биологическую систему, в которой существует постоянный баланс между патогенными факторами, такими как вирусы, бактерии и защитные силы организма. Однако из-за размножения и быстрого развития микроорганизмов и вирусов, а также ослабления факторов общей и особенно местной иммунной защиты такой важный баланс часто нарушается. В связи с распространением новой коронавирусной инфекции постоянно увеличивается количество заболеваний слизистой оболочки полости рта, вызванных COVID-19. Задача стоматолога – поставить своевременный диагноз, выявить патологию иначать обоснованную фармакотерапию, чтобы не допустить развития патологии и перехода стоматологических заболеваний в более тяжелые формы.
Проведен анализ специальной литературы, посвященной взаимосвязи заболеваний кандидози слизистой оболочки полости рта. На основании изучения имеющихся данных авторы пришли к заключению, что кандидозные заболевания слизистой оболочки полости рта требуют разносторонних глубоких исследований.
Under our supervision, there were 92 patients with included and terminal defects of the dentition, who underwent prosthetics based on dental implants of the “DIO” system at the Department of Orthopedic Direction FPK TGSI Control group (13) of the patient, “manual toothbrush” - during the entire study period, patients used only a manual toothbrush to clean the crowns on implants; The second group (30) of patients who were prescribed a “manual toothbrush + interdental brush”, corresponding to the size of the proximal space of the orthopedic construction; The third group (49) of patients who were prescribed a “manual toothbrush + interdental brush + irrigator”, in addition to a manual toothbrush, were prescribed an interdental brush and an oral irrigator, an irrigator Waterpik WP-660 (Aquarius) was prescribed for the oral cavity after brushing teeth twice per day for 3-5 minutes, the power of the water jet of the irrigator corresponded to mode 2. An index assessment of the amount of plaque in the area of a fixed structure on implants was carried out using a simplified index of oral hygiene (IGR-U) (J. R. Vermillion, 1964) The condition of the gums in the area of dental implants was assessed based on the Gingival Index (GI) - Loe & Silness, 1963. Thus, at the beginning of the study in all three groups, the HI was low and corresponded to good implant hygiene. After 3 and 6 months, the values of those indices were significantly worse, and corresponded to the unsatisfactory hygiene of the implants. In groups 2 and 3, throughout the entire study, HI indices were optimal and corresponded to good and satisfactory implant hygiene. The indicators of the 3rd group, in which the whole complex of individual and professional methods was applied, were the most positive throughout the study, in comparison with other groups. Analysis of the results of the Gingival Index study showed that the indicator increased in all observation groups. In group 2 patients using manual dental and interdental brushes for cleaning the structure, by the end of the study period the index value increased to 0.95 ± 0.05 points, which corresponded to mild gingivitis of the gums in the area of implants, i.e. there was slight hyperemia and individual punctate bleeding of the gums at the probing sites. Patients of the 3rd group, using an irrigator, had minimal index values at all periods of the study, and the index values were interpreted as “normal gums”, that is, no signs of gingivitis were recorded.
Parodontitis is one of the most common types of dental pathology. Many factors play a role in the emergence and development of this disease. Despite certain achievements in the study of the etiological and pathogenetic ome and in the development of parodontitis diagnostics and methods of treatment of Ome, its emergence and development have not yet been determined to the end.
The emergence and passage of parodontitis is accompanied by significant changes in the content of humoral factors in the oral fluid: IgA, which plays a leading role in the defense of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, immunoglobulins of IgG classes and secretory immunoglobulins - slgA; albumin, whose concentration in the oral fluid increases as a result of increasing the permeability of the walls